scholarly journals The Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and their Association with White Matter Hyperintensities in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra J. Anor ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
M. Carmela Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in all dementias, including those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NPS contribute to patients’ distress, caregiver burden, and can lead to institutionalization. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a common finding on MRI usually indicative of cerebrovascular disease and have been associated with certain NPS. The aim of this study was two-fold. Firstly, we assessed the relationship between WMH load and NPS severity in MCI due to AD (MCI-AD) and AD. Secondly, we assessed the ability of WMH to predict the development and progression of NPS in these participants. Data was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center.MethodsWMH were obtained from baseline MRIs and quantified using an automated segmentation technique. NPS were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Mixed effect models and correlations were used to determine the relationship between WMH load and NPS severity scores.ResultsCross-sectional analysis showed no significant association between NPS and WMH at baseline. Longitudinal mixed effect models, however, revealed a significant relationship between increase in NPI total scores and baseline WMH load (p=0.014). There was also a significant relationship between increase in irritability severity scores over time and baseline WMH load (p= 0.009). Trends were observed for a relationship between increase in agitation severity scores and baseline WMH load (p=0.058). No other NPS severity scores were significantly associated with baseline WMH load. The correlation plot analysis showed that baseline whole brain WMH predicted change in future NPI total scores (r=0.169, p=0.008). Baseline whole brain WMH also predicted change in future agitation severity scores (r= 0.165, p= 0.009). The temporal lobe WMH (r=0.169, p=0.008) and frontal lobe WMH (r=0.153, p=0.016) contributed most to this this change.ConclusionIrritability and agitation are common NPS and very distressful to patients and caregivers. Our findings of an increase in irritability severity over time as well as higher agitation severity scores at follow-up in participants with MCI-AD and AD with increased WMH loads have important implications for treatment, arguing for aggressive treatment of vascular risk factors in patients with MCI-AD and AD.

White Matter Hyperintensities and Apolipoprotein E Affect the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Objective and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Youjin Jung ◽  
Raymond P. Viviano ◽  
Sanneke van Rooden ◽  
Jeroen van der Grond ◽  
Serge A.R.B. Rombouts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
The Relationship

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) show a robust relationship with arterial pressure as well as objective and subjective cognitive functioning. In addition, APOE ɛ4 carriership may influence how arterial pressure affects cognitive functioning. Objective: To determine the role of region-specific WMH burden and APOE ɛ4 carriership on the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cognitive function as well as subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: The sample consisted of 87 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged to older adults aged 50–85. We measured WMH volume for the whole brain, anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), forceps minor, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). We examined whether WMH burden mediated the relationship between MAP and cognition (i.e., TMT-A score for processing speed; Stroop performance for executive function) as well as SCD (i.e., Frequency of Forgetting (FoF)), and whether APOE ɛ4 carriership moderated that mediation. Results: WMH burden within SLF mediated the effect of MAP on Stroop performance. Both whole brain and ATR WMH burden mediated the effect of MAP on FoF score. In the MAP–WMH–Stroop relationship, the mediation effect of SLF WMH and the effect of MAP on SLF WMH were significant only in APOE ɛ4 carriers. In the MAP–WMH–FoF relationship, the effect of MAP on whole brain WMH burden was significant only in ɛ4 carriers. Conclusion: WMH burden and APOE genotype explain the link between blood pressure and cognitive function and may enable a more accurate assessment of the effect of high blood pressure on cognitive decline and risk for dementia.

Assessing the Development of Operator Trust in Automation: A Longitudinal Study of an Autonomous Campus Shuttle

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1425
Author(s):  
Margaret Fowler ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Bob Brydia
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

A large public tier-1 university hosted an autonomous vehicle on campus for a 12-week demonstration. Throughout the deployment, the vehicle was operated autonomously and used 5 safety operators from the student population to take over shuttle operations, as necessary. Daily and weekly surveys as well as pre-and post-study interviews were used to investigate how operators’ trust developed and changed over time as well as the relationship between trust and operational issues that varied in severity. Results revealed that there was not a significant relationship between trust and severity of operational issues. Trust levels appeared to remain relatively consistent before, during and after the deployment.

Abstract TP181: Serum Eiocosapentaenoic Acids Is Protective Against White Matter Lesions

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Takano ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Tetsuya Maeda ◽  
Yuichi Satoh ◽  
Yasuko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Pufa ◽  
Periventricular Hyperintensity

[Introduction] White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered manifestation of arteriosclerotic small vessel disease and WMH burden increases risk of ischemic stroke and cognitive decline. There are only a few evidences concerning the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and WMH. The present study was designed to elucidate the association between WMH and PUFA profile including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Methods] The present study was based on 119 patients who were diagnosed as having a probable AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Their mean age was 78.3 years old. All subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation including mini mental state exam (MMSE) and 1.5-Tesla MRI. Fasting blood samples were also collected for the PUFA measurements. We measured the ratio of serum EPA, DHA and AA concentration to the total PUFA concentration. The WMH were evaluated on T2-weight images and classified into periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH). The severity of WMH was graded 5 categories. We investigated the relationship between WMH and PUFA profiles. [Results] The EPA ratio correlated negatively with both PVH (rs=-0.2036, p=0.0264) and DWMH grade (rs=-0.3155, p=0.0005). It remained still significant after adjustment for age, sex, statins use, antithrombotics use, mean blood pressure and presence of hypertension (standardized partial regression coefficient(β)=-0.2516, p=0.0122 for PVH, β=-0.3598, p=0.0001 for DWMH). Neither DHA nor AA ratio correlated with DWMH or PVH grade. The EPA ratio but not DHA or AA ratio correlated positively with total MMSE score (rs=0.2310, p=0.0115). [Conclusions] Our data revealed that the serum EPA was protective against WMH as well as cognitive decline in AD patients. Pathophysiology underlying WMH is complex and the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of WMH encompass incomplete brain ischemia, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier, and inflammation responses. The relationship between serum EPA and WMH can be partly explained by those anti-ischemic and anti-arteriosclerotic effects of EPA.

scholarly journals O3-08-04: A MEDIATION ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES, CSF BIOMARKERS, AND COGNITION IN COGNITIVELY UNIMPAIRED AND IMPAIRED ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P901-P902
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Barbara B. Bendlin ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson ◽  
Sara E. Berman ◽  
Carey E. Gleason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
The Relationship

White matter hyperintensities analysis by diffusion tensor images obtained from postmortem in cranium whole brain tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Rafael E. Silva ◽  
Glaucia A.B. Santos ◽  
Ana T.D.L. Alho ◽  
Ricardo C. Neves ◽  
Luzia, L. Carreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Images

Measurements of T1 and T2 over Time in Formalin-Fixed Human Whole-Brain Specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tovi ◽  
A. Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Fixation Procedure ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Phospholipid Structure ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Over Time

Abstract T1 and T2 were measured in 5 formalin-fixed human whole-brain specimens as a function of time. Gray matter/white matter contrast reversal was observed around the 4th day and was considered to be due to the greater decrease in T1 in gray than in white matter. A possible explanation for this is that the decomposition of the myelin phospholipid structure by formalin somewhat counteracts the general reductive effect of the fixation procedure on relaxation times.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive traits in children aged 9 to 10

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Michael Owens ◽  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Joshua Gray ◽  
Josh Miller ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
White Matter Tractography ◽  
Critical Regions

Background: Impulsivity refers to a set of traits that are generally negatively related to critical domains of adaptive functioning and are core features of numerous psychiatric disorders. Methods: The current study examined the gray and white matter correlates of five impulsive traits measured using an abbreviated version of the UPPS-P impulsivity scale in children aged 9 to 10 (N = 11,052) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed effect models and elastic net regression were used to examine features of regional gray matter and white matter tractography most associated with each UPPS-P scale; intraclass correlations were computed to examine the similarity of the neuroanatomical correlates among the scales. Results: Positive Urgency showed the most robust association with neuroanatomy, with similar but less robust associations found for Negative Urgency. Perseverance showed little association with neuroanatomy. Premeditation and Sensation Seeking showed intermediate associations with neuroanatomy. Critical regions across measures include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex; critical tracts included the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Negative Urgency and Positive Urgency showed the greatest neuroanatomical similarity. Conclusions: Some UPPS-P traits share neuroanatomical correlates, while others have distinct correlates or essentially no relation to neuroanatomy. UPPS-P traits tended to account for relatively little variance in neuroanatomy (i.e., model R2 < 1%) and effects were spread throughout the brain, highlighting the importance of well powered samples.

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