scholarly journals Cumulative effects of social stress on reward-guided actions and prefrontal cortical activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Barthas ◽  
Melody Y. Hu ◽  
Michael J. Siniscalchi ◽  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Yann S. Mineur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Neural Dysfunctions

AbstractWhen exposed to chronic social stress, animals display behavioral changes that are relevant to depressive-like phenotypes. However, the cascading relationship between incremental stress exposure and neural dysfunctions over time remains incompletely understood. Here we characterize the longitudinal effect of social defeat on goal-directed actions and prefrontal cortical activity in mice, using a head-fixed sucrose preference task and two-photon calcium imaging. Behaviorally, stress-induced loss of reward sensitivity intensifies over days. Motivational anhedonia, the failure to translate positive reinforcements into future actions, requires multiple sessions of stress exposure to become fully established. For neural activity, individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the Cg1 and M2 subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex have heterogeneous responses to stress. Changes in ensemble activity differ significantly between susceptible and resilient animals after the first defeat session, and continue to diverge following successive stress episodes before reaching persistent abnormal levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the cumulative impact of an ethologically relevant stress can be observed at the level of cellular activity of individual prefrontal neurons. The distinct neural responses associated with resilience versus susceptibility raises the hypothesis that the negative impact of social stress is neutralized in resilient animals, in part through an adaptive reorganization of prefrontal cortical activity.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Social Stress on Reward-Guided Actions and Prefrontal Cortical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Barthas ◽  
Melody Y. Hu ◽  
Michael J. Siniscalchi ◽  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Yann S. Mineur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Investigations during Diffusion Anneals of Ni-Cu Thin Film Diffusion Couples

2010 ◽  
Vol 89-91 ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sheng ◽  
U. Welzel ◽  
Eric J. Mittemeijer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bilayer System ◽  
Stress Changes

The stress evolution during diffusion annealing of Ni-Cu bilayers (individual layer thicknesses of 50 nm) was investigated employing ex-situ and in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements. Annealing at relatively low homologous temperatures (about 0.3 - 0.4 Tm) for durations up to about 100 hours results in considerable diffusional intermixing, as demonstrated by Auger-electron spectroscopy investigations (in combination with sputter-depth profiling). In addition to thermal stresses due to differences of the coefficients of thermal expansion of layers and substrate, tensile stress con-tributions in the sublayers arise during the diffusion anneals. The obtained stress data have been discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of stress generation. The influence of diffusion on stress development in the sublayers of the diffusion couple during heating and isothermal annealing was investigated by comparing stress changes in the bilayer system with corresponding results obtained under identical conditions for single layers of the components in the bilayer system. The specific residual stresses that emerge due to diffusion between the (sub)layers in the bilayer could thereby be identified.

Dopamine Increases the Gain of the Input-Output Response of Rat Prefrontal Pyramidal Neurons

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2985-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Thurley ◽  
Walter Senn ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
D1 Receptors ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Noisy Input ◽  
Relationship Of

Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortical activity is known to affect cognitive functions like working memory. Little consensus on the role of dopamine modulation has been achieved, however, in part because quantities directly relating to the neuronal substrate of working memory are difficult to measure. Here we show that dopamine increases the gain of the frequency-current relationship of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in vitro in response to noisy input currents. The gain increase could be attributed to a reduction of the slow afterhyperpolarization by dopamine. Dopamine also increases neuronal excitability by shifting the input-output functions to lower inputs. The modulation of these response properties is mainly mediated by D1 receptors. Integrate-and-fire neurons were fitted to the experimentally recorded input-output functions and recurrently connected in a model network. The gain increase induced by dopamine application facilitated and stabilized persistent activity in this network. The results support the hypothesis that catecholamines increase the neuronal gain and suggest that dopamine improves working memory via gain modulation.

scholarly journals The Neural Sociometer: Brain Mechanisms Underlying State Self-esteem

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3448-3455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi I. Eisenberger ◽  
Tristen K. Inagaki ◽  
Keely A. Muscatell ◽  
Kate E. Byrne Haltom ◽  
Mark R. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortical

On the basis of the importance of social connection for survival, humans may have evolved a “sociometer”—a mechanism that translates perceptions of rejection or acceptance into state self-esteem. Here, we explored the neural underpinnings of the sociometer by examining whether neural regions responsive to rejection or acceptance were associated with state self-esteem. Participants underwent fMRI while viewing feedback words (“interesting,” “boring“) ostensibly chosen by another individual (confederate) to describe the participant's previously recorded interview. Participants rated their state self-esteem in response to each feedback word. Results demonstrated that greater activity in rejection-related neural regions (dorsal ACC, anterior insula) and mentalizing regions was associated with lower-state self-esteem. Additionally, participants whose self-esteem decreased from prescan to postscan versus those whose self-esteem did not showed greater medial prefrontal cortical activity, previously associated with self-referential processing, in response to negative feedback. Together, the results inform our understanding of the origin and nature of our feelings about ourselves.

Characterizing prefrontal cortical activity during inhibition task in methamphetamine-associated psychosis versus schizophrenia: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Okada ◽  
Katsuyoshi Takahashi ◽  
Yukika Nishimura ◽  
Shinsuke Koike ◽  
Ayaka Ishii-Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

scholarly journals Prefrontal cortical plasticity during learning of cognitive tasks

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Tang ◽  
Mitchell R. Riley ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Xue-Lian Qi ◽  
David T. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

AbstractTraining in working memory tasks is associated with lasting changes in prefrontal cortical activity. To assess the neural activity changes induced by training, we recorded single units, multi-unit activity (MUA) and local field potentials (LFP) with chronic electrode arrays implanted in the prefrontal cortex of two monkeys, throughout the period they were trained to perform cognitive tasks. Mastering different task phases was associated with distinct changes in neural activity, which included recruitment of larger numbers of neurons, increases or decreases of their firing rate, changes in the correlation structure between neurons, and redistribution of power across LFP frequency bands. In every training phase, changes induced by the actively learned task were also observed in a control task, which remained the same across the training period. Our results reveal how learning to perform cognitive tasks induces plasticity of prefrontal cortical activity, and how activity changes may generalize between tasks.

scholarly journals The Psychotomimetic Nature of Dreams: An Experimental Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mason ◽  
Dominic Wakerley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Drug Studies ◽  
Cognition And Affect

Several theories promote the similarities between dreaming and psychosis, but this has rarely been tested empirically. We assessed dreaming and waking reality using the Psychotomimetic States Inventory, a measure of psychotic-like experience originally designed for drug studies. Twenty participants completed the measure in each of two dream conditions and one waking condition. Dreams were assessed upon waking naturally and also using a movement-activated (actigraph) alarm during the night. Overall, participants reported more quasipsychotic characteristics during dreams (in both conditions) than when awake. This was most marked for paranoia and delusional thinking, but differences were also seen for perceptual abnormalities, mania, and anhedonia. The quality of dream experience seems particularly similar to psychosis in sometimes being highly self-referential and having a paranoid content. Subjective changes to cognition and affect are consistent with alterations in prefrontal cortical activity during REM sleep that mirror those of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Blunted Social Reward Responsiveness Moderates the Effect of Lifetime Social Stress Exposure on Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pegg ◽  
Paige Ethridge ◽  
Grant S. Shields ◽  
George M. Slavich ◽  
Anna Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Reward Responsiveness
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