scholarly journals Blunted Social Reward Responsiveness Moderates the Effect of Lifetime Social Stress Exposure on Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pegg ◽  
Paige Ethridge ◽  
Grant S. Shields ◽  
George M. Slavich ◽  
Anna Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Reward Responsiveness

scholarly journals The impact of chronic stress and eating types on active ghrelin levels in response to acute stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fahrngruber ◽  
Kalina Duszka ◽  
Jürgen König
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChronic stress is associated with impacting eating behavior, namely food choice and energy intake, with a shift towards more palatable and energy dense foods. Additionally, eating behavior is influenced by other psychological factors like mood and emotions. The categorization of people into eating types such as restrained, emotional, and external eaters has gained attraction. Reported changes in eating behavior due to psychological stress are only occasionally accompanied by measures of physiological hunger through ghrelin. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how chronic stress and acute cortisol reactivity affect active ghrelin secretion and how these outcomes account for different eating types. 16 healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 1.3kg/m2) with low (n = 8) and average-to-high (n = 8) chronic stress level were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control version on two separate days. Active ghrelin, cortisol, glucose, and heart rate were measured throughout the test. Subjects rated their hunger by means of visual analog scale and current mood was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). In addition, participants filled out the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to account for their subjective eating behavior. Overall ghrelin values where higher on the test day compared to the control day. Ghrelin values were also higher during the time leading up to the stress or control test (TSST) than during the conclusion of said tests. On both days, mean values for active ghrelin where higher in individuals with low chronic stress exposure compare to those with average-to-high chronic stress exposure. While values from test to control day decreased for lower stressed participants, they slightly increased for higher stressed participants. Cortisol responders displayed higher ghrelin values on test day than cortisol non-responders, but this association inverted for the control day. Results indicate that chronic stress influences acute stress response and further alters active ghrelin production, which in turn can influence eating behavior. Replication in a greater group of participants of differing weight and sex could yield a greater understanding of stress induced eating. Factors such as relaxation techniques and coping mechanisms could further improve our knowledge and evaluate treatment possibilities.

scholarly journals Resilience Moderates Negative Outcome from Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audun Havnen ◽  
Frederick Anyan ◽  
Odin Hjemdal ◽  
Stian Solem ◽  
Maja Gurigard Riksfjord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Patient Health

Resilience refers to an individual’s healthy coping abilities when encountering adverse life events. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a situation with a high amount of stress exposure, which in turn may be associated with negative emotional outcome like depressive symptoms. The current study investigated if resilience moderated the effect of stress on symptoms of depression and if anxiety symptoms mediated this association. An adult sample of community controls completed the Perceived stress scale 14 (PSS-14), the Resilience scale for adults (RSA), the Patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7). Independent samples t-test, correlation analyses and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. The results showed that resilience moderated the relations between stress and anxiety symptoms (β = −0.131, p < 0.001) as well as between stress and depressive symptoms (β = −0.068, p < 0.05). In support of a moderated mediation model, resilience moderated the indirect effect of stress on depressive symptom, as confirmed by the index of moderated mediation (IMM = −0.036, p < 0.001; [95% BCa: −0.055, −0.020]). The high resilience subgroup was less affected than the low resilience subgroup by the effect of stress exposure symptoms of depression, mediated by anxiety. The study shows that stress exposure is associated with symptoms of depression, and anxiety mediates this association. Level of resilience differentiates the direct and indirect effect of stress on depression. Knowledge about the effect of stress in response to a pandemic is important for developing treatment and prevention strategies for stress, depression and health-related anxiety.

scholarly journals Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Chinese Early Puberty Girls: Possible Role of Depressive Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Fang Deng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Fang-Biao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity

Objective. The present study aimed at investigating unique patterns of salivary cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to a social stressor among girls with early puberty and exploring possible role of depressive symptom in this association.Design. Case-control study.Patients. Fifty-six girls with early puberty and age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched normal puberty controls(n=56)were selected.Measurements. Salivary cortisol was measured in response to the Groningen Social Stress Test for Children.Results. Girls with early puberty had higher cortisol concentration at the end of the GSST (C3), cortisol concentration 20 min after the end of the GSST (C4), and AUC increment (AUCi) compared to non-early puberty girls. Depressive symptoms correlated with blunted HPA reactivity among girls with early puberty.Conclusion. This study demonstrated the disturbance effect of objectively examined early pubertal timing on HPA axis responses. It also suggested that stress reactivity might be blunted for individuals with depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Loneliness, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Immigrants: A Moderating Role of Familial Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
Heejung Jang
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Appraisal ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Stress Appraisals

Abstract Objectives Immigration is a stressful life event, and immigrants commonly experience loneliness, a risk factor for depression. However, little is known about how and whether older immigrants’ perceived stress exposure/appraisals mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Further, this study explores whether familial relationships moderate the indirect or direct effects of the mediation models. Method: This study uses the 2012 Health and Retirement Study from a sample of 719 immigrants age 57 and older. A series of moderated mediation analyses were conducted across the total number of stress exposure and eight stress appraisal domains. Results The findings indicate that the total number of stress exposure and five domains of stress appraisals (health problems in self, physical/emotional problems in spouse/child, financial strain, housing problems, and close relationships in others) mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. In addition, the perceived negative strain from family moderated the mediating effect of health problems and housing problems in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Discussion This study suggests that negative relationships with family may increase upsetting in stress appraisals on health and housing problems, which turn in increased depressive symptoms for lonely older immigrants. Practitioners need to assess older immigrants’ stressors and family relationships to understand their loneliness and depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Effects of an incremental theory of the personality intervention on psychophysiological responses to social stress during the transition to college

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Calvete ◽  
Izaskun Orue ◽  
Angel Prieto-Fidalgo ◽  
Joana Gómez-Odriozola ◽  
Sven C. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Transition To College ◽  
First Year ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Incremental Theory ◽  
Stress Task ◽  
First Year University

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial (NCT04786496) examined the effects of a preventive intervention based on Incremental Theory of the Personality (ITP) on psychophysiological responses to social stress and evaluated whether levels of depression moderate the intervention effects. The participants, 107 first-year university students, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: ITP intervention, ITP + a self-affirmation intervention (SA), and a control condition (CC). Indicators of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and subjective mood were assessed with the Trier Social Stress Task. Participants in the ITP condition displayed a lower decline in respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) compared to those in the CC during the first phases of the task [Slopes: -0.08 (0.09) vs -0.21 (0.09), z = 2.86, p = .004] and a higher decrease in cortisol at recovery [β = -0.18 (0.08), z = -2.37, p = .018]. Depressive symptoms moderated the effect of ITP [β = -0.10 (0.05), z = -2.15, p =.032] and ITP+SA [β = -0.09 (0.04), z = -2.06, p =.039] in the decline during stress and recovery in RSA. In participants with low/medium levels of depressive symptoms, both interventions predicted a lower decline during stress [Slopes: -0.06 (0.09) for ITP, -0.17 (.09) for ITP+SA, and -0.26 (0.09) for CC] and higher recovery in RSA [Slopes: 0.18 (0.01) for ITP, 0.24 (0.01) for ITP+SA, and 0.30 (0.01) for CC]. The findings suggest that the ITP intervention has the potential to be an effective preventive intervention to reduce the stress response.

scholarly journals BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN CHRONIC STRESS: DOES APPRAISAL MATTER FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S191-S192
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Leah Abrams ◽  
Uchechi Mitchell ◽  
Jennifer Ailshire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Appraisal ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Prior research has suggested that exposure to objectively stressful events contributes to mental health disparities in older adulthood. Yet, in order to understand the extent to which some groups bear a disproportionate stress and mental health burden, we consider black-white differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal—how upsetting the exposures are perceived to be across five domains (health, financial, residential, relationship and caregiving). Data come from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study. Fully adjusted models show stress exposure and appraisal significantly and independently predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms. Race and stress exposure interactions show that exposure differently predicts anxiety and depressive symptoms while race and appraisal interactions show blacks and whites report similar increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest stress exposure has varying consequences for mental health of whites and blacks, while stress appraisals have similar consequences across groups.

scholarly journals Nature and Nurture: Effects of Affective Temperaments on Depressive Symptoms Are Markedly Modified by Stress Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Gonda ◽  
Nora Eszlári ◽  
Sara Sutori ◽  
Nikoletta Aspan ◽  
Zoltan Rihmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Nature And Nurture

Changes in the systemic immune status following chronic psycho-social stress exposure in male mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S16
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Dominic Schmidt ◽  
Nicole Uschold ◽  
Stefan O. Reber ◽  
Daniela N. Männel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Stress Exposure

scholarly journals Effects of chronic interpersonal stress exposure on depressive symptoms are moderated by genetic variation at IL6 and IL1β in youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Tartter ◽  
Constance Hammen ◽  
Julienne E. Bower ◽  
Patricia A. Brennan ◽  
Steven Cole
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure
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