scholarly journals Structural controllability predicts functional patterns and brain stimulation benefits associated with working memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beynel ◽  
L. Deng ◽  
C.A. Crowell ◽  
M. Dannhauer ◽  
H. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Global Network ◽  
List Type ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Structural Controllability ◽  
Network Controllability

SummaryThe brain is an inherently dynamic system, and much work has focused on the ability to modify neural activity through both local perturbations and changes in the function of global network ensembles. Network controllability is a recent concept in network science that purports to predict the influence of individual cortical sites on global network states and state changes, thereby creating a unifying account of local influences on global brain dynamics. Here, we present an integrated set of multimodal brain–behavior relationships, acquired from functional magnetic resonance imaging during a transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention, that demonstrate how network controllability influences network function, as well as behavior. This work helps to outline a clear technique for integrating structural network topology and functional activity to predict the influence of a potential stimulation target on subsequent behaviors and prescribes next steps towards predicting neuromodulatory and behavioral responses after brain stimulation.Highlights- This study tested the strength of network controllability using fMRI and rTMS- Controllability correlates with functional modulation of working memory demand load- Controllability is also correlated with the memory improvement from applied rTMS- These findings link network control theory with physiology and behavior.In briefBeynel et al. show that the benefits of functionally targeted brain stimulation on working memory performance can be predicted by network control properties at the stimulated site. Structural controllability and functional activity independently predict this cognitive benefit.Author ContributionsConceptualization & Methodology: L.B, S.W.D., B.L., R.C., L.G.A.; Investigation: L.B., L.D., S.W.D., C.A.C., M.D., H.P., S.H.; Writing—Original Draft: L.B., L.D., S.W.D.; Writing—Review & Editing: L.B., L.D., S.W.D., L.G.A., A.V.P.; Funding Acquisition: S.W.D., R.C., B.L., S.H.L., A.V.P.; Resources: L.G.A., B.L., R.C.; Supervision: L.G.A., S.W.D.

scholarly journals Why is working memory performance unstable? A review of 21 factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael N. Blasiman ◽  
Christopher A. Was
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Training Practice

In this paper, we systematically reviewed twenty-one factors that have been shown to either vary with or influence performance on working memory (WM) tasks. Specifically, we review previous work on the influence of intelligence, gender, age, personality, mental illnesses/medical conditions, dieting, craving, stress/anxiety, emotion/motivation, stereotype threat, temperature, mindfulness training, practice, bilingualism, musical training, altitude/hypoxia, sleep, exercise, diet, psychoactive substances, and brain stimulation on WM performance. In addition to a review of the literature, we suggest several frameworks for classifying these factors, identify shared mechanisms between several variables, and suggest areas requiring further investigation. This review critically examines the breadth of research investigating WM while synthesizing the results across related subfields in psychology.

scholarly journals Structural Controllability Predicts Functional Patterns and Brain Stimulation Benefits Associated with Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (35) ◽  
pp. 6770-6778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lysianne Beynel ◽  
Lifu Deng ◽  
Courtney A. Crowell ◽  
Moritz Dannhauer ◽  
Hannah Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Structural Controllability

scholarly journals Robustness Analysis of Structural Controllability for Directed Networks Against Single Edge Attacks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-951
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Malicious Attack ◽  
Graph Classes ◽  
Structural Controllability ◽  
Network Controllability

Infrastructure systems are an essential component, evolving with greater interconnectivity and interdependence at varying degrees. The control robustness of a network against malicious attack and random failure also becomes a further considerable problem in network controllability and its robustness. An adversary who is adequately knowledgeable about the control system can take control of aspects of the network as it can compromise the control network’s subset of critical nodes and/or disconnect parts of the control network resulting in low observability. Therefore, safeguarding critical infrastructure systems from different disruptions is primarily significant. This paper focuses the POWER DOMINATING SET (PDS) problem, originally introduced by Haynes to study the structure of electric power network control systems and their efficient control, as an alternate framework for the examination of the structural controllability of networks. However, PDS is generally known to be NP-complete with low approximability with recent work focusing on studying properties of restricted graph classes. Based on the PDS problem, this paper also is dedicated to studying the different edge attack strategies, as well as the robustness of network controllability of Erd s-Re ́nyi networks with directed control links under single edge attacks. MATLAB will be utilised in order to produce a simulative evaluation for more realistic critical infrastructure networks such as real power networks.

scholarly journals Mindfulness meditators show enhanced working memory performance concurrent with different brain region engagement patterns during recall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Bailey ◽  
G Freedman ◽  
K Raj ◽  
KN Spierings ◽  
LR Piccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractMindfulness meditation has been shown to improve working memory (WM). However, the altered brain activity underpinning these improvements is underexplored. In non-meditating individuals, modulation of theta and alpha oscillations and 1/f aperiodic activity during WM has been found to be related to WM performance. Resting theta and alpha oscillations have been found to differ in meditators, but WM related oscillation changes and 1/f aperiodic activity have not yet been examined. Additionally, WM event-related-potentials (ERPs) are modulated by attention, which is also enhanced by meditation, so these neural measures are candidates for exploring neural activity underpinning WM improvement in meditators. We recorded EEG from 29 controls and 29 meditators during a modified Sternberg WM task and compared theta, alpha, and 1/f aperiodic activity during the WM delay, and ERPs time-locked to the WM probe. Meditators responded more accurately (p = 0.008, Cohen’s d = 0.688). Meditators also showed different ERP distributions with earlier left-temporal activation and more frontal distribution of activity (FDR-p = 0.0186, η2 = 0.0903), as well as a reduction in overall neural response strength (FDR-p = 0.0098, η2 = 0.1251). While a higher proportion of meditators showed theta oscillations during the WM delay, no other differences in theta, alpha or 1/f aperiodic activity were present. These results suggest that increased WM performance in meditators might not be the result of higher amplitudes of typical WM activity, but instead due to an alternative neural strategy during WM decision making, which may allow more accurate responses with less neural activation.Highlights-Long term mindfulness meditators showed improved working memory (WM) accuracy-This was concurrent with earlier left temporal activation following probe stimuli-As well as a more frontal distribution and reduced overall neural response strength-No oscillation differences were present in the working memory delay period-Improved WM from altered neural strategy rather than increased neural activity

scholarly journals Blinding in tDCS Studies: Correct End-of-Study Guess Does Not Moderate the Effects on Associative and Working Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Marija Stanković ◽  
Marko Živanović ◽  
Jovana Bjekić ◽  
Saša R. Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Sham Condition ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has become a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience research as it enables causal inferences about neural underpinnings of cognition. However, studies using tDCS to modulate cognitive functions often yield inconsistent findings. Hence, there is an increasing interest in factors that may moderate the effects, one of which is the participants’ beliefs of the tDCS condition (i.e., real or sham) they received. Namely, whether participants’ correct guessing of sham condition may lead to false-positive tDCS effects. In this study, we aimed to explore if participants’ beliefs about received stimulation type (i.e., the success of blinding) impacted their task performance in tDCS experiments on associative (AM) and working memory (WM). We analyzed data from four within-subject, sham-controlled tDCS memory experiments (N = 83) to check if the correct end-of-study guess of sham condition moderated tDCS effects. We found no evidence that sham guessing moderated post-tDCS memory performance in experiments in which tDCS effects were observed as well as in experiments that showed null effects of tDCS. The results suggest that the correct sham guessing (i.e., placebo-like effect) is unlikely to influence the results in tDCS memory experiments. We discuss the results in light of the growing debate about the relevance and effectiveness of blinding in brain stimulation research.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

How Does Caffeine Impact Working Memory Performance in Extraverts and Introverts?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Jansen ◽  
Gabriella Dimotsantos ◽  
Marian E. Berryhill
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document