scholarly journals Varietal differences in physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress in six finger millet plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunta Mukami ◽  
Alex Ng’etich ◽  
Easter Syombua ◽  
Richard Oduor ◽  
Wilton Mbinda
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractFinger millet is one of the most important cereals that are often grown in semiarid and arid regions of East-Africa. Salinity is known to be a major impediment for the crop growth and production. This study was aimed to understand the mechanisms of physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress of Kenyan finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094, GBK043050) grown across different agroecological zones under NaCl-induced salinity stress. Seeds were germinated on the sterile soil and treated using various concentrations of NaCl (100, 200 and 300 mM) for two weeks. Again, the early-seedling stage of germinated plants was irrigated with the same salt concentrations for 60 days. Results indicated depression in germination percentage, shoot and root growth rate, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content contents, leaf K+ concentration, and leaf K+/Na+ ratios increased salt levels. Contrary, proline and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents reduced sugar content and leaf total proteins. At the same time, the leaf Na+ and Cl− amounts of all plants increased substantially with rising stress levels. Clustering analysis revealed that GBK043094 and GBK043137 were placed together and identified as salt-tolerant varieties based on their performance under salt stress. Overall, our findings indicated a significant varietal variability for most of the parameters analysed. These superior varieties identified could be potentially used as promising genetic resources in future breeding programmes development directed towards salt-tolerant finger millet hybrids. Further analysis at genomic level need to be undertaken to better understand the genetic factors that promote salinity tolerance in finger millet.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench] Varieties in Response Salinity Stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Musa Kimtai
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Salinity is among the most severe and widespread environmental constrains to global crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates and negatively affecting productivity of salt sensitive crop species. Breeding and selection of salt tolerant crop varieties is therefore necessary for sustainable plant productivity. Given that germination and seeding phases are the most critical phase in the plant life cycle, this study aimed to evaluate seed germination potential and associated traits under salt stress conditions as a simple approach to identify salt tolerant sorghum varieties [Gadam, Sc Sila and Serena] which are adaptated to various agroecological regions. Salinity stress was applied by addition of NaCl at three different levels of stress [100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl], while plants irrigated with water were used as control. Evaluation of tolerance was performed on the basis of germination percentage, shoot and seed water absorbance, shoot and root length, leave water content, seedling total chlorophyll content and morphologic abnormality. Our results showed that salinity stress significantly impacts all features associated with germination and early development of seedlings. Our results indicated that salinity stress substantially affects all traits associated with germination and early seedling growth, with the effect of salinity being dependent on the variety used and level of salinity stress applied. Among the tested sorghum varieties, Gadam was established to the most salt tolerant variety, suggesting its potential use for cultivation under salinity stress conditions as well as its suitability for use as germplasm material in future sorghum breeding programmes. For a greater insight into comprehensive mechanisms of salinity tolerance in sorghum, we suggest further research on genomic and molecular analysis.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Analyses of Sorghum Varieties Reveal Differential Responses to Salinity Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Mbinda ◽  
M Kimtai
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

ABSTRACTSalinity is among the most severe and widespread environmental constrains to global crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates and negatively affecting productivity of salt sensitive crop species. Breeding and selection of salt tolerant crop varieties is therefore necessary for sustainable plant productivity. Given that germination and seeding phases are the most critical phase in the plant life cycle, this study aimed to evaluate seed germination potential and associated traits under salt stress conditions as a simple approach to identify salt tolerant Sorghum varieties. There Sorghum varieties whose adaptation to various agroclimatic conditions is not well elucidated. Salinity stress was applied by addition of NaCl at three different levels of stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl), while plants irrigated with water were used as controls. Evaluation of tolerance was performed on the basis of germination percentage, shoot and seed water absorbance, shoot and root length, leave water content, seedling total chlorophyll content and morphologic abnormality. Our results showed that salinity stress significantly impacts all features associated with germination and early development of seedlings. Our results indicated that that salinity stress substantially affects all traits associated with germination and early seedling growth, with the effect of salinity being dependent on the variety used and level of salinity stress applied. Among the tested Sorghum varieties, Gadam was established to the most salt tolerant variety, suggesting its potential use for cultivation under salinity stress conditions as well as its suitability for use as germplasm material in future Sorghum breeding programmes. For a greater insight into comprehensive mechanisms of salinity tolerance in Sorghum, we suggest further research on genomic and molecular analysis.

scholarly journals Varietal differences in physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress in six finger millet plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569-1582
Author(s):  
Asunta Mukami ◽  
Alex Ng’etich ◽  
Easter Syombua ◽  
Richard Oduor ◽  
Wilton Mbinda
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Mercury-Stressed Trigonella foenum-gracum L. to Silver Nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans Applications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Ahlam Khalofah ◽  
Mona Kilany ◽  
Hussein Migdadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Mercury Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants’ morpho-physiological and biochemical responses under mercury stress conditions toward Ag nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans applications. The fabrication of Ag nanoparticles by Thymus vulgaris was monitored and described by UV/Vis analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The effect of mercury on vegetative growth was determined by measuring the root and shoots length, the number and area of leaves, the relative water content, and the weight of the green and dried plants; appraisal of photosynthetic pigments, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were also performed. In addition, the manipulation of Ag nanoparticles, S. ginsenosidiumtans, and their combination were tested for mercury stress. Here, Ag nanoparticles were formed at 420 nm with a uniform cuboid form and size of 85 nm. Interestingly, the gradual suppression of vegetal growth and photosynthetic pigments by mercury, Ag nanoparticles, and S. ginsenosidiumtans were detected; however, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased. In addition, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were significantly increased because mercury and S. ginsenosidiumtans enhance this increase. Ag nanoparticles achieve higher levels by the combination. Thus, S. ginsenosidiumtans and Ag nanoparticles could have the plausible ability to relieve and combat mercury’s dangerous effects in fenugreek.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of barley to application of bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide under salinity stress in greenhouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-875
Author(s):  
Siyamak Dadashzadeh ◽  
Raouf Seyed Shariff ◽  
Salim Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

To study the effects of bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide on some physiological and biochemical traits of barley under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications under greenhouse condition. Factors in the study, included four levels of salinity, four levels of nano iron oxide use and four preparations of bio-fertilizer application. Increasing salinity in the soil decreased chlorophyll content, quantum yield, relative water content and grain yield, whereas soluble sugars, proline content, electrical conductivity and the activities of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes increased. Inoculation of plants with bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide application improved these traits (except electrical conductivity) under salinity as well as normal conditions. Results showed that application of Azospirillum and mycorrhiza and 0.9 g/l nano iron oxide (B3Fe3) increased about 15.45% from grain yield in comparison with B4Fe4 under the highest salinity level. Based on the results, it seems that bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide application can be useful in alleviating salinity stress in barley.

scholarly journals Differential characterization of physiological and biochemical responses during drought stress in finger millet varieties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunta Mukami ◽  
Alex Ngetich ◽  
Cecilia Mweu ◽  
Richard O. Oduor ◽  
Mutemi Muthangya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractDrought is the most perilous abiotic stress that affects finger millet growth and productivity worldwide. For the successful production of finger millet, selection of drought tolerant varieties is necessary and critical stages under drought stress, germination and early seedling growth, ought to be fully understood. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of six finger millet varieties (GBK043137, GBK043128, GBK043124, GBK043122, GBK043094 and GBK043050) under mannitol-induced drought stress. Seeds were germinated on sterile soil and irrigated with various concentrations of mannitol (200, 400 and 600 mM) for two weeks. Comparative analysis in terms of relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured the physiological and biochemical characteristics of drought stress. The results showed that increased level of drought stress seriously decreased germination and early seedling growth of finger millet varieties. However, root growth was increased. In addition, exposition to drought stress triggered a significant decrease in relative water content and chlorophyll content reduction the biochemical parameters assay showed less reduction of relative water content. Furthermore, oxidative damage indicating parameters such as proline concentration and MDA content increased. Varieties GBK043137 and GBK043094 were less affected by drought as shown by significant change in the physiological parameters. Our findings reveal the difference and linkage between the physiological responses of finger millet to drought and are vital for breeding and selection of drought tolerant varieties of finger millet. Further investigations on genomic and molecular to deeply insight the detail mechanisms of drought tolerance in finger millet need to explored.

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