scholarly journals Cannabis, Connectivity, and Coming of Age: Associations between Cannabis Use and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Connectivity during the Transition to Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Lichenstein ◽  
Daniel S. Shaw ◽  
Erika E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underlying connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, including the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations (ATR).MethodsThe current study examined the association between cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood and white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR among 158 male subjects enrolled in the Pitt Mother & Child Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of risk and resilience among men of low socioeconomic status. Participants were recruited in infancy, completed follow-up assessments throughout childhood and adolescence, and underwent diffusion imaging at age 20 and 22.ResultsAt age 20, moderate cannabis use across adolescence (age 12-19) was associated with higher fractional anisotropy of the cingulum and ATR, relative to both minimal and heavy adolescent use. Longitudinally, moderate and heavy extended cannabis use (age 12-21) was associated with reduced positive change in FA in both pathways from age 20 to 22, relative to minimal use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that precocious white matter development may be linked to increased risk for use, whereas cannabis exposure may delay white matter maturation during the transition to adulthood and potentially impact individuals’ functioning later in development.

scholarly journals Interpreting the association between cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genes Encoding

Recent longitudinal studies from Sweden, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Israel report that cannabis use during childhood and adolescence doubles the risk of later appearance of psychosis or schizophrenia. These data have been interpreted as indicating that cannabis has a causal effect along the pathway to psychosis. In this paper, we will offer an alternative explanation of these data. Recent investigations of patients with schizophrenia found increased density of cannabinoid receptors in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Others reported higher levels of endogenous cannabinoids in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients; these findings were independent of possible cannabis use. Several genetic studies have reported an association between genes encoding the cannabinoid receptor and schizophrenia. Thus, an alternative explanation of the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia might be that pathology of the cannabinoid system in schizophrenia patients is associated with both increased rates of cannabis use and increased risk for schizophrenia, without cannabis being a causal factor for schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use and the Onset of Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study Among Youth in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Renee D Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction Cigarette use is declining among youth in the United States, whereas cannabis use and e-cigarette use are increasing. Cannabis use has been linked with increased uptake and persistence of cigarette smoking among adults. The goal of this study was to examine whether cannabis use is associated with the prevalence and incidence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among U.S. youth. Methods Data included U.S. youth ages 12–17 from two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (Wave 1 youth, n = 13 651; Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, n = 10 081). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between Wave 1 cannabis use and (1) Wave 1 prevalence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 youth and (2) Wave 2 incidence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth. Analyses were run unadjusted and adjusted for demographics and internalizing/externalizing problem symptoms. Results Wave 1 cigarette and e-cigarette use were significantly more common among youth who used versus did not use cannabis. Among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, Wave 1 cannabis use was associated with significantly increased incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use by Wave 2. Conclusions Youth who use cannabis are more likely to report cigarette and e-cigarette use, and cannabis use is associated with increased risk of initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use over 1 year. Continued success in tobacco control—specifically toward reducing smoking among adolescents—may require focusing on cannabis, e-cigarette, and cigarette use in public health education, outreach, and intervention efforts. Implications These data extend our knowledge of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth by showing that cannabis use is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth, relative to youth who do not use cannabis. The increasing popularity of cannabis use among youth and diminished perceptions of risk, coupled with the strong link between cannabis use and tobacco use, may have unintended consequences for cigarette control efforts among youth.

scholarly journals Genes in immune pathways associated with abnormal white matter integrity in first-episode and treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Bo Xiang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Wei Lei ◽  
Mingli Li ◽  
Yinfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Left And Right

BackgroundPrevious studies have inferred a strong genetic component in schizophrenia. However, the genetic variants involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia remain unclear.AimsTo detect potential gene pathways and networks associated with schizophrenia, and to explore the relationship between common and rare variants in these pathways and abnormal white matter integrity in schizophrenia.MethodThe analysis included 100 first-episode treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 140 healthy controls. A network-based analysis was carried out on the data collected from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Phase I (PGC-I). Based on our genome-wide association study and whole-exome sequencing data-sets, we performed a gene-set analysis to detect associations between the combining effects of common and rare genetic variants and abnormal white matter integrity in schizophrenia.ResultsPatients had significantly reduced functional anisotropy in the left and right anterior cingulate cortex, left and right precuneus and extra-nuclear (t = 4.61–5.10, PFDR < 0.01), compared with controls. Generated from co-expression network analysis of the PGC-1 summary statistics of schizophrenia, a subnetwork of 207 genes associated with schizophrenia was identified (P < 0.01), and 176 genes were co-expressed in four gene modules. Functional enrichment analysis for genes in each module revealed that the yellow module was enriched with highly co-expressed, innate immune response genes. Furthermore, rare variants of enriched genes in the yellow module were associated with reduced functional anisotropy in the left anterior cingulate cortex (P = 0.006; Padjusted = 0.024) in patients only.ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be substantially influenced by genes involved in the immune system, via both pathway and network.Declaration of interestsNone.

Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease with Psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Young-Min Lee ◽  
Je-Min Park ◽  
Byung-Dae Lee ◽  
Eunsoo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease with psychosis (AD + P). Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087–0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132–0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume. Conclusion: We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P.

Altered proteins of the anterior cingulate cortex white matter proteome in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Clark ◽  
Irina Dedova ◽  
Stuart Cordwell ◽  
Izuru Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Altered Proteins

scholarly journals Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Individuals With Dual Decline in Memory and Gait

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Qu Tian ◽  
Susan Resnick ◽  
Christos Davatzikos ◽  
Stephanie Studenski ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Abstract Across 6 aging cohorts we showed that dual decline in memory and gait speed was associated with increased risk of dementia compared to memory or gait decline only. We now characterize dual decliners. Using longitudinal BLSA data, we examined associations of phenotypic groups with changes in cognition, depressive symptoms, and brain volumes in areas important for cognitive (dorsolateral prefrontal, medial temporal) and motor functions (precentral gyrus,striatum,thalamus,anterior cingulate cortex) using linear mixed effects models (usual agers=reference), adjusting for covariates. Compared to usual agers, dual decliners had faster decline in card rotation score, greater increase in CES-D, and greater atrophy in thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex. Rates of change in these parameters did not differ among the other three groups. Dual decliners experience faster decline in visuospatial ability, greater atrophy in selected motor areas, and greater increase in depressive symptoms, suggesting potential mechanisms underlying increased dementia risk in dual decliners.

scholarly journals Fatty acid dysregulation in the anterior cingulate cortex of depressed suicides with a history of child abuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Perlman ◽  
Raphael Chouinard-Watkins ◽  
Arnaud Tanti ◽  
Giulia Cisbani ◽  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Child abuse (CA) strongly increases the lifetime risk of suffering from major depression and predicts an unfavorable course for the illness. Severe CA has been associated with a specific dysregulation of oligodendrocyte function and thinner myelin sheaths in the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) white matter. Given that myelin is extremely lipid-rich, it is plausible that these findings may be accompanied by a disruption of the lipid profile that composes the myelin sheath. This is important to explore since the composition of fatty acids (FA) in myelin phospholipids can influence its stability, permeability, and compactness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify and compare FA concentrations in postmortem ACC white matter in the choline glycerophospholipid pool (ChoGpl), a key myelin phospholipid pool, between adult depressed suicides with a history of CA (DS-CA) matched depressed suicides without CA (DS) and healthy non-psychiatric controls (CTRL). Total lipids were extracted according to the Folch method and separated into respective classes using thin-layer chromatography. FA methyl esters from the ChoGpl fraction were quantified using gas chromatography. Our analysis revealed a strong age-related decrease in most FAs, and specific effects of CA in FAs from the arachidonic acid synthesis pathway, which was further validated with RNA-sequencing data. Furthermore, the concentration of most FAs was found to decrease with age. By extending the previous molecular level findings linking CA with altered myelination in the ACC, these results provide further insights regarding white matter alterations associated with early-life adversity.

scholarly journals One-Year Change in Anterior Cingulate Cortex White Matter Microstructure: Relationship With Late-Life Depression Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren D. Taylor ◽  
James R. MacFall ◽  
Brian Boyd ◽  
Martha E. Payne ◽  
Yvette I. Sheline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
One Year
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