scholarly journals Wood capacitance is related to water content, wood density, and anatomy across 30 temperate tree species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia Ziemińska ◽  
Emily Rosa ◽  
Sean M. Gleason ◽  
N. Michele Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Daily Water

SUMMARYWater released from wood tissue during transpiration (capacitance) can meaningfully affect daily water use and drought response. To provide context for better understanding of capacitance mechanisms, we investigated links between capacitance and wood anatomy. On twig wood of 30 temperate angiosperm tree species, we measured capacitance, water content, wood density, and anatomical traits, i.e., vessel dimensions, tissue fractions, and vessel-tissue contact fractions (fraction of vessel circumference in contact with other tissues). Across all species, the strongest predictors of capacitance were wood density (WD) and predawn lumen volumetric water content (VWCL-pd, r2adj=0.44, P<0.0001). Vessel-tissue contact fractions explained an additional ∼10% of the variation in capacitance. Regression models were not improved by including predawn relative water content (RWCpd) or tissue lumen fractions. Among diffuse-porous species, VWCL-pd and vessel-ray contact fraction were the best predictors of capacitance, whereas among ring/semi-ring-porous species, VWCL-pd, WD and vessel-fibre contact fraction were the best predictors. Mean RWCpd was 0.65±0.13 and uncorrelated with WD. VWCL-pd was weakly negatively correlated with WD. Our findings imply that capacitance depends on the amount of stored water, tissue connectivity and the bulk wood properties arising from WD (e.g., elasticity), rather than the fraction of any particular tissue.

Wood diurnal capacitance, water storage and their anatomical drivers across 30 temperate angiosperm tree species.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia Zieminska ◽  
Emily Rosa ◽  
Sean Gleason ◽  
N. Michele Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structure Water

&lt;p&gt;Water released from storage into the transpiration stream (termed: capacitance) can play an important role in tree every day hydraulic functioning as well as in tree drought response. However, anatomical underpinnings of capacitance and water storage remain unclear, impeding better understanding of capacitance mechanisms. Across 30 temperate angiosperm tree species, we measured &lt;em&gt;in natura&lt;/em&gt; twig wood diurnal capacitance and water content, wood density and anatomical properties: vessel dimensions, tissue fractions and vessel-tissue contact fractions (proportion of vessel circumference in contact with other tissues). We found that wood density and predawn lumen volumetric water content (proportion of wood volume that is occupied by water in lumen) together were the strongest predictors of capacitance (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;adj&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.44***). Vessel-tissue contact fractions&amp;#8212;vessel-ray, vessel-axial parenchyma and vessel-fibre&amp;#8212;each explained an additional &amp;#8764;10% of variation in capacitance. Parenchyma fraction did not correlate with capacitance challenging the common assumption that parenchyma acts as the main source of capacitance water. Anatomical structure, water content and capacitance relationships differed significantly between diffuse-porous and ring-porous species. Predawn relative water content (water in a fresh sample relative to saturated sample) was on average 0.65&amp;#177;0.13 implying that parts of wood were devoid of water.&lt;/p&gt;

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Competition for Water in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Berger ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Diane L. Rowland ◽  
Theodore M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Daily Water

Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in cotton production. Yield losses of 65% have been reported from season-long Palmer amaranth competition with cotton. To determine whether water is a factor in this system, experiments were conduced in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Citra, FL, and in Tifton, GA. In 2011, infrequent rainfall lead to drought stress. The presence of Palmer amaranth resulted in decreased soil relative water content up to 1 m in depth. Cotton stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced up to 1.8 m from a Palmer amaranth plant. In 2012 and 2013 higher than average rainfall resulted in excess water throughout the growing season. In this situation, no differences were found in soil relative water content or cottongsas a function of proximity to Palmer amaranth. A positive linear trend was found in cotton photosynthesis and yield; each parameter increased as distance from Palmer amaranth increased. Even in these well-watered conditions, daily water use of Palmer amaranth was considerably higher than that of cotton, at 1.2 and 0.49 g H20 cm−2d−1, respectively. Although Palmer amaranth removed more water from the soil profile, rainfall was adequate to replenish the profile in 2 of the 3 yr of this study. However, yield loss due to Palmer amaranth was still observed despite no change ings, indicating other factors, such as competition for light or response to neighboring plants during development, are driving yield loss.

scholarly journals Wood day capacitance is related to water content, wood density, and anatomy across 30 temperate tree species

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3048-3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia Ziemińska ◽  
Emily Rosa ◽  
Sean M. Gleason ◽  
N. Michele Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species

scholarly journals Diversity of anatomical structure of tension wood among 242 tropical tree species

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ghislain ◽  
Julien Engel ◽  
Bruno Clair
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Tropical Tree Species

ABSTRACT Angiosperm trees produce tension wood to actively control their vertical position. Tension wood has often been characterised by the presence of an unlignified inner fibre wall layer called the G-layer. Using this definition, previous reports indicate that only one-third of all tree species have tension wood with G-layers. Here we aim to (i) describe the large diversity of tension wood anatomy in tropical tree species, taking advantage of the recent understanding of tension wood anatomy and (ii) explore any link between this diversity and other ecological traits of the species. We sampled tension wood and normal wood in 432 trees from 242 species in French Guiana. The samples were observed using safranin and astra blue staining combined with optical microscopy. Species were assigned to four anatomical groups depending on the presence/absence of G-layers, and their degree of lignification. The groups were analysed for functional traits including wood density and light preferences. Eighty-six% of the species had G-layers in their tension wood which was lignified in most species, with various patterns of lignification. Only a few species did not have G-layers. We found significantly more species with lignified G-layers among shade-tolerant and shade-demanding species as well as species with a high wood density. Our results bring up-to-date the incidence of species with/without G-layers in the tropical lowland forest where lignified G-layers are the most common anatomy of tension wood. Species without G-layers may share a common mechanism with the bark motor taking over the wood motor. We discuss the functional role of lignin in the G-layer.

Population Biology of Euperipatoides-Leuckartii (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAW Scott ◽  
DM Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Correlated Variables ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Relative Water

This paper reports on a population study of the onychophoran Euperipatoides leuckartii. The species was found to be extremely abundant in decomposing logs from the Tallaganda State Forest area. Analysis of its distribution indicated that E. leuckartii occurred only in logs with a relative water content greater than 211 %. Furthermore, the occurrence of E. leuckartii was found to be congruent with that of termites. Abundance was also correlated with altitude, which suggests an effect of tree species, although other correlated variables may be implicated. Overall, sex ratio was found to be heavily skewed in favour of females. However, the sex ratio was not homogeneous among age cohorts or logs. The skewed overall sex ratio is considered to be a result of differential lifespans and age at maturity of the sexes, and a model for log-colonisation patterns is presented that may explain the differences in peripatus sex ratios observed among logs.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

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FEEDBACK OF WATER STRESS ON WOOD PROPERTIES OF TREES: EXPERIMENTS WITH MISTLETOES ON RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM SM.

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan P. Devkota ◽  
Gerhard Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Rhododendron Arboreum ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Effects of infection by the mistletoe Scurrula elata (Edgew.) Danser, on wood properties of its common host Rhododendron arboreum Sm., were studied in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Central Nepal Himalaya. Heavy infection by mistletoes invariably causes decline of the host. Infested branches show inhibition of growth, defoliation and eventual death of branch parts distal to the site of infection. Anatomical properties of wood were compared in samples of branches proximal to the infection and in uninfected branches. The hypothesis that infection induces changes in basic wood anatomy could not be proven. Vessel density, vessel area, percentage lumen area and mean vessel diameter of the wood of infested and uninfected branches did not show any significant differences. The studied anatomical parameters were not correlated to the diameter of the host branch. These results show that infection by S. elata did not cause any changes in basic wood anatomy of its host R. arboreum. It appears that the studied anatomical parameters of Rhododendron wood are fairly stable and are not changed by stress due to infection by mistletoes. The damage to the host distal to the infected area most likely results from an insufficiency of total conductive area to supply both mistletoe and host. Unfortunately we could not determine annual conductive area increment, because R arboreum does not develop usable annual tree rings in the climate of the study area. Key words: Himalayas, mistletoe. Rhododendron arboreum, Scurrula elata, water stress, wood anatomy. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

The importance of wood density in determining the phenology of tree species in a coastal rain forest

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gomes Galvão ◽  
André Luiz Alves de Lima ◽  
Clemir Candeia de Oliveira ◽  
Valdemir Fernando Silva ◽  
Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest
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