scholarly journals Annual replication is essential in evaluating the response of the soil microbiome to the genetic modification of maize in different biogeographical regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Szoboszlay ◽  
Astrid Näther ◽  
Ewen Mullins ◽  
Christoph C. Tebbe
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Maize Mon810 ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe importance of geographic location and annual variation on the detection of differences in the rhizomicrobiome caused by the genetic modification of maize (Bt-maize, event MON810) was evaluated at experimental field sites across Europe including Sweden, Denmark, Slovakia and Spain. DNA of the rhizomicrobiome was collected at the maize flowering stage in three consecutive years and analyzed for the abundance and diversity of PCR-amplified structural genes of Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi, and functional genes for bacterial nitrite reductases (nirS, nirK). The nirK genes were always more abundant than nirS. Maize MON810 did not significantly alter the abundance of any microbial genetic marker, except for sporadically detected differences at individual sites and years. In contrast, annual variation between sites was often significant and variable depending on the targeted markers. Distinct, site-specific microbial communities were detected but the sites in Denmark and Sweden were similar to each other. A significant effect of the genetic modification of the plant on the community structure in the rhizosphere was detected among the nirK denitrifiers at the Slovakian site in only one year. However, most nirK sequences with opposite response were from the same or related source organisms suggesting that the transient differences in community structure did not translate to the functional level. Our results show a lack of effect of the genetic modification of maize on the rhizosphere microbiome that would be stable and consistent over multiple years. This demonstrates the importance of considering annual variability in assessing environmental effects of genetically modified crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Land-Use Change on the Community Structure of the Dung Beetle (Scarabaeinae) in an Altered Ecosystem in Southern Ecuador

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Vinicio Carrión-Paladines ◽  
Andreas Fries ◽  
Andrés Muñoz ◽  
Eddy Castillo ◽  
Roberto García-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

This study evaluated the effects of land-use change (L-UCH) on dung beetle community structure (Scarabaeinae) in a disturbed dry ecosystem in southern Ecuador. Five different L-UCH classes were analyzed by capturing the dung beetle species at each site using 120 pitfall traps in total. To determine dung beetle abundance and diversity at each L-UCH, a general linear model (GLM) and a redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied, which correlated environmental and edaphic conditions to the community structure. Furthermore, changes in dung-producing vertebrate fauna were examined, which varied significantly between the different L-UCH classes due to the specific anthropogenic use or level of ecosystem disturbance. The results indicated that soil organic matter, pH, potassium, and phosphorus (RDA: component 1), as well as temperature and altitude (RDA: component 2) significantly affect the abundance of beetles (GLM: p value < 0.001), besides the food availability (dung). The highest abundance and diversity (Simpson’s index > 0.4, Shannon-Wiener index > 1.10) was found in highly disturbed sites, where soils were generally more compacted, but with a greater food supply due to the introduced farm animals. At highly disturbed sites, the species Canthon balteatus, Dichotomius problematicus, and Onthphagus confuses were found specifically, which makes them useful as bio-indicators for disturbed dry forest ecosystems in southern Ecuador.

scholarly journals Effect of fire on a monodominant floating mat of Cyperus giganteus Vahl in a neotropical wetland

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rocha ◽  
CC. Santos Júnior ◽  
GA. Damasceno-Júnior ◽  
VJ. Pott ◽  
A. Pott
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Cyperus Giganteus ◽  
Pantanal Wetland ◽  
Floating Mat ◽  
Adult Plants

The rhizomatous Cyperus giganteus, abundant in the Pantanal wetland, can dominate extense floodable areas as monodominant communities. The Jacadigo lake has a large area of C. giganteus, where we performed an evaluation on community structure during two months in 2010, before it was hit by a wildfire which top-killed the vegetation, compared to ten months post-fire. We utilized 40 plots of 1m × 1m, along permanent trails, assessing two strata: the upper, near the inflorescence of adult plants, and the lower, close to the water level. Our results show that fire does not affect dominance of C. giganteus, as it maintained the same cover as before fire; species richness is not much altered either - 28 before fire and 34 thereafter. Fire changed the floristic composition, due to the annual variation of species and the ability of some plants to colonize gaps and to regrow after fire from underground organs and seeds. The stratification of the vegetation with characteristic species of upper and lower strata was similar after fire.

scholarly journals Mollusc fisheries and length–weight relationship in Tonle Sap flood pulse system, Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Bun Ngor ◽  
Ratha Sor ◽  
Leang Hour Prak ◽  
Nam So ◽  
Zeb S. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Tonle Sap ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
One Year

Molluscs are important for ecological function, livelihoods and fisheries, but are often forgotten in research and management. Here, we investigated intra-annual variation in the landing and growth patterns of three mollusc species, i.e., Corbicula moreletiana, Pila virescens and Pila ampullacea, using one-year daily data on landing catches and values, recorded in Kampong Chhnang province of Tonle Sap (TS) Lake. Overall, 8330 tonnes with a first sale landing value of US$ 1.4 million for the three species were reported. Also, we found that C. moreletiana was abundant during the dry season with high temperature and less precipitation. By contrast, the two Pila species were abundant from the early rainy to early dry seasons when precipitation and water levels increase. The length–weight relationship analysis indicated that a faster growth in weight of Pila species occurred in the rainy season, and a general negative allometric growth was observed for the three species. This implies that their populations were intensively fished. Our preliminary results suggest that molluscs in the TS Lake (i) are important resources in support of people's livelihoods, (ii) respond differently to intra-annual variation in temperature, precipitation and hydrology and (iii) are being intensively exploited with significant reduction in growth rate. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further comprehensive research describing status of mollusc stocks and their ecology to support long-term management and conservation of this important aquatic fauna. Our study contributes to establishing the first important baseline data and information on key mollusc species for the TS.

scholarly journals Change in the meiofauna community structure of sandy beaches of the Nuevo Gulf (Chubut, Argentina)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (34) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Harguinteguy ◽  
M. Noelia Cofré ◽  
Catalina T. Pastor de Ward
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Core Tube ◽  
Meiofauna Community ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Main Factor

The composition and distribution of the benthic meiofauna assemblages of the Nuevo Gulf (Chubut, Argentina) are described in relation to abiotic variables. The meiofauna and sediment samples were collected in the intertidal zone of four sandy beaches with different anthropic disturbances in June 2005. The samples were obtained at 20 sampling sites using a 2.5 cm diameter core tube at a depth of 10 cm. A total of 13 meiofauna taxa were identified, with the meiofauna being primarily represented by nematodes, gastrotrichs, ciliates and polychaetes and the meiofauna abundances ranging from 1.5 × 10³ to 6.5 × 10³ ind. 10 cm‑2. Univariate (one-way ANOVA test) and multivariate (ANOSIM/MDS test) analyses showed clear dissimilarities in community structures between sites with anthropic effects and those in pristine condition, revealed by the significant differences were found between beaches near to and far way from a city with port activity. The meiofaunal assemblage varied in abundance and diversity, and these changes in the community structure may have been related to environmental gradients on the shore. The BIO‑ENV analysis showed that the redox potential discontinuity depth might be the main factor in the spatial distribution of organisms.

scholarly journals Expression profiling of key pathways in rat liver after a one-year feeding trial with transgenic maize MON810

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Stein ◽  
Guangyao Ran ◽  
Marc Bohmer ◽  
Soroush Sharbati ◽  
Ralf Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Maize Mon810 ◽  
One Year

AbstractIn a recent one-year feeding study, we observed no adverse effects on tissue level in organs of rats fed with the genetically-modified maize MON810. Here, we assessed RNA expression levels of 86 key genes of the apoptosis-, NF-кB-, DNA-damage response (DDR)-, and unfolded-protein response (UPR) pathways by RT-qPCR in the rat liver. Male and female rats were fed either with 33% MON810 (GMO), isogenic- (ISO), or conventional maize (CONV) and RNAs were quantified from eight rats from each of the six feeding groups. Only Birc2 transcript showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) consistent difference of ≥1.5-fold between the GMO and ISO groups in both sexes. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed a strong separation of male and female rats, but no clustering of the feeding groups. Individual analysis of the pathways did not show any clustering of the male or female feeding groups either, though transcript levels of UPR pathway-associated genes caused some clustering of the male GMO and CONV feeding group samples. These differences were not seen between the GMO and ISO control or within the female cohort. Our data therefore does not support an adverse effect on rat liver RNA expression through the long-term feeding of MON810 compared to isogenic control maize.

Warming and disturbance alter soil microbiome diversity and function in a northern forest ecotone

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Van Nuland ◽  
Dylan P Smith ◽  
Jennifer M Bhatnagar ◽  
Artur Stefanski ◽  
Sarah E Hobbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Ground Warming ◽  
And Function ◽  
Forest Ecotone

ABSTRACT The response to global change by soil microbes is set to affect important ecosystem processes. These impacts could be most immediate in transitional zones, such as the temperate-boreal forest ecotone, yet previous work in these forests has primarily focused on specific subsets of microbial taxa. Here, we examined how bacterial and fungal communities respond to simulated above- and below-ground warming under realistic field conditions in closed and open canopy treatments in Minnesota, USA. Our results show that warming and canopy disturbance shifted bacterial and fungal community structure as dominant bacterial and fungal groups differed in the direction and intensity of their responses. Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities with greater connectivity (higher prevalence of strongly interconnected taxa based on pairwise co-occurrence relationships) were more resistant to compositional change. Warming effects on soil enzymes involved in the hydrolytic and oxidative liberation of carbon from plant cell walls and nutrients from organic matter were most strongly linked to fungal community responses, although community structure–function relationships differed between fungal guilds. Collectively, these findings indicate that warming and disturbance will influence the composition and function of microbial communities in the temperate-boreal ecotone, and fungal responses are particularly important to understand for predicting future ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals P1567THE ANNUAL VARIATION OF CRA/ALBUMIN RATIO IS AN ACCURATE PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Yasuda ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Kunio Morozumi ◽  
Shoichi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
One Year ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background and Aims Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a distinctive malnutrition status in hemodialysis(HD) patients, and it is closely related to poor prognosis. We previously reported that CRP/Alb ratio is useful marker for assessment of malnutrition status in HD patients. However, the value of CRP/Alb ratio calculated by CRP and serum albumin level is considered to be varied over time, and correlation between the amount of change and the prognosis is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the changing in CRP/Alb ratio within a certain period of time on prognosis of dialysis patient. Method 320 patients who were received stable dialysis therapy were enrolled in the study. It was analyzed that the relation between the changing in CRP/Alb ratio within one year and the prognosis. Furthermore, patients were divided by the values of CRP/Alb (&gt;0.35) and ΔCRP/Alb ratio (&gt;0.05) as a threshold (4 groups of 2 × 2), and analyzed for the prognostic value. Results During the observation period (median 71 months), 138 patients were died (43.1%). Baseline CRP/albumin ratio, both of continuous value and cut-off value of 0.34 as median, was identified as an independent predictor for 7-year mortality. The CRP / Alb ratio at one year increased from 0.40 (0.46-1.7) to 0.47 (0.22-1.48) (p = 0.0040). The 7-year survival rate was 44.7% in the group with increased ΔCRP / Alb ratio and 57.0% in the group with non-increased (p = 0.020). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI 1.02-2.06, p = 0.037, increase group vs non-increase group). On combined setting of each predictors, mortality risk was clearly stratified, and patients with high and increased CRP/albumin ratio had 2.84-fold (95%CI 1.65-5.03) higher risk of mortality compared to patients with low and no-increased CRP/albumin ratio Conclusion The increasing rate of CRP/Alb ratio were strong predictors of mortality as well as the baseline CRP/Alb ratio levels, and both of them additively improved the predictability for mortality in chronic HD patients.

Psycho-Oncology in Portugal: It is Different from the Rest of the World?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S497-S497
Author(s):  
G. Da Ponte ◽  
M. Lobo ◽  
T. Neves ◽  
A. Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

IntroductionPsycho-Oncology (PO) is a specific psychiatric approach to cancer patients. The main psychiatric disorders observed are delirium and adjustment disorders (AD) and the most frequent treatments used are pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic.With regard to the type of cancer, the most frequent in Portugal are breast, digestive and prostate.ObjectiveAnalyze the activity of PO in a district general hospital in Portugal.AimsDemonstrate that the main core in PO is similar in the world.MethodsProspective longitudinal study, during one year.ResultsThe sample had 130 patients (369 evaluations), mainly male, with the mean age of 64.22 years. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were delirium (56 cases; 43%) and AD (44; 34%) and the main interventions used were pharmacologic and psycho-education. The most common frequent cancers were digestive (54; 42%), urologic (16; 12%) and breast (15; 11%). This high frequency of urologic cancer was interpreted as a consequence of the sample and its geographic location, but it was also a reflection of the large number of requests made by this specialty. The majority of cancers had an advanced stage (84% vs 16%) that can be explained by the sample but also by health culture in Portugal, which is reflected in the inpatient services: Oncology (51; 39%) and Palliative Care (25; 19%).ConclusionsThe type of psychiatric disorders and treatments offered in PO is preserved around the world. The authors propose to do more studies, namely if the relation with others specialties affects psychiatric treatment of the patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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