scholarly journals Development of adaptive motor control for tactile navigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Azarfar ◽  
Tansu Celikel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Tactile Navigation

Navigation is a result of complex sensorimotor computation which requires integration of sensory information in allocentric and egocentric coordinates as the brain computes a motor plan to drive navigation. In this active sensing process, motor commands are adaptively regulated based on prior sensory information. In the darkness, rodents commonly rely on their tactile senses, in particular to their whiskers, to gather the necessary sensory information and instruct navigation. Previous research has shown that rodents can process whisker input to guide mobility even prior to whisking onset by the end of the second postnatal week, however, when and how adaptive sensorimotor control of whisker position matures is still not known. Here, we addressed this question in rats longitudinally as animals searched for a stationary target in darkness. The results showed that juvenile rats perform object localization by controlling their body, but not whisker position, based on the expected location of the target. Adaptive, closed-loop, control of whisker position matures only after the third postnatal week. Computational modeling of the active whisking showed the emergence of the closed-loop control of whisker position and reactive retraction, i.e. whisker retraction that ensures the constancy of duration of tactile sampling, facilitate the maturation of sensorimotor exploration strategies during active sensing. These results argue that adaptive motor control of body and whiskers develop sequentially, and sensorimotor control of whisker position emerges later in postnatal development upon the maturation of intracortical sensorimotor circuits.

scholarly journals Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debojyoti Biswas ◽  
Luke A. Arend ◽  
Sarah A. Stamper ◽  
Balázs P. Vágvölgyi ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Eigenmannia Virescens ◽  
Weakly Electric

SummaryActive sensing involves the production of motor signals for the purpose of acquiring sensory information [1–3]. The most common form of active sensing, found across animal taxa and behaviors, involves the generation of movements—e.g. whisking [4–6], touching [7,8], sniffing [9,10], and eye movements [11]. Active-sensing movements profoundly affect the information carried by sensory feedback pathways [12–15] and are modulated by both top-down goals (e.g. measuring weight vs. texture [1,16]) and bottom-up stimuli (e.g. lights on/off [12]) but it remains unclear if and how these movements are controlled in relation to the ongoing feedback they generate. To investigate the control of movements for active sensing, we created an experimental apparatus for freely swimming weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia virescens, that modulates the gain of reafferent feedback by adjusting the position of a refuge based on real time videographic measurements of fish position. We discovered that fish robustly regulate sensory slip via closed-loop control of active-sensing movements. Specifically, as fish performed the task of maintaining position inside the refuge [17–22], they dramatically up- or down-regulated fore-aft active-sensing movements in relation to a 4-fold change of experimentally modulated reafferent gain. These changes in swimming movements served to maintain a constant magnitude of sensory slip. The magnitude of sensory slip depended on the presence or absence of visual cues. These results indicate that fish use two controllers: one that controls the acquisition of information by regulating feedback from active sensing movements, and another that maintains position in the refuge, a control structure that may be ubiquitous in animals [23,24].

scholarly journals Serotonergic development of active sensing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Azarfar ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
Artoghrul Alishbayli ◽  
Dirk Schubert ◽  
Judith R. Homberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Intracortical Circuits

AbstractActive sensing requires adaptive motor (positional) control of sensory organs based on contextual, sensory and task requirements, and develops postnatally after the maturation of intracortical circuits. Alterations in sensorimotor network connectivity during this period are likely to impact sensorimotor computation also in adulthood. Serotonin is among the cardinal developmental regulators of network formation, thus changing the serotonergic drive might have consequences for the emergence and maturation of sensorimotor control. Here we tested this hypothesis on an object localization task by quantifying the motor control dynamics of whiskers during tactile navigation. The results showed that sustained alterations in serotonergic signaling in serotonin transporter knockout rats, or the transient pharmacological inactivation of the transporter during early postnatal development, impairs the emergence of adaptive motor control of whisker position based on recent sensory information. A direct outcome of this altered motor control is that the mechanical force transmitted to whisker follicles upon contact is reduced, suggesting that increased excitability observed upon altered serotonergic signaling is not due to increased synaptic drive originating from the periphery upon whisker contact. These results argue that postnatal development of adaptive motor control requires intact serotonergic signaling and that even its transient dysregulation during early postnatal development causes lasting sensorimotor impairments in adulthood.

scholarly journals Restoring tactile sensations via neural interfaces for real-time force-and-slippage closed-loop control of bionic hands

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (27) ◽  
pp. eaau9924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Zollo ◽  
Giovanni Di Pino ◽  
Anna L. Ciancio ◽  
Federico Ranieri ◽  
Francesca Cordella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
Successful Fulfillment ◽  
Neural Feedback ◽  
Tactile Sensations

Despite previous studies on the restoration of tactile sensation to the fingers and the hand, there are no examples of use of the routed sensory information to finely control a prosthestic hand in complex grasp and manipulation tasks. Here, it is shown that force and slippage sensations can be elicited in an amputee by means of biologically inspired slippage detection and encoding algorithms, supported by a stick-slip model of the performed grasp. A combination of cuff and intraneural electrodes was implanted for 11 weeks in a young woman with hand amputation and was shown to provide close-to-natural force and slippage sensations, paramount for substantially improving manipulative skills with the prosthesis. Evidence is provided about the improvement of the participant’s grasping and manipulation capabilities over time resulting from neural feedback. The elicited tactile sensations enabled the successful fulfillment of fine grasp and manipulation tasks with increasing complexity. Grasp performance was quantitatively assessed by means of instrumented objects and a purposely developed metrics. Closed-loop control capabilities enabled by the neural feedback were compared with those achieved without feedback. Further, the work demonstrates that the described amelioration of motor performance in dexterous tasks had as central neurophysiological correlates changes in motor cortical plasticity and that such changes were not of purely motor origin, but were the effect of a strong and persistent drive of the sensory feedback.

scholarly journals Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 4029-4036.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debojyoti Biswas ◽  
Luke A. Arend ◽  
Sarah A. Stamper ◽  
Balázs P. Vágvölgyi ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Loop Control

Closed-loop control of a prosthetic finger via evoked proprioceptive information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Vargas ◽  
He (Helen) Huang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xiaogang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Prosthetic Finger

Abstract Objective. Proprioceptive information plays an important role for recognizing and coordinating our limb’s static and dynamic states relative to our body or the environment. In this study, we determined how artificially evoked proprioceptive feedback affected the continuous control of a prosthetic finger. Approach. We elicited proprioceptive information regarding the joint static position and dynamic movement of a prosthetic finger via a vibrotactor array placed around the subject’s upper arm. Myoelectric signals of the finger flexor and extensor muscles were used to control the prosthesis, with or without the evoked proprioceptive feedback. Two control modes were evaluated: the myoelectric signal amplitudes were continuously mapped to either the position or the velocity of the prosthetic joint. Main Results. Our results showed that the evoked proprioceptive information improved the control accuracy of the joint angle, with comparable performance in the position- and velocity-control conditions. However, greater angle variability was prominent during position-control than velocity-control. Without the proprioceptive feedback, the position-control tended to show a smaller angle error than the velocity-control condition. Significance. Our findings suggest that closed-loop control of a prosthetic device can potentially be achieved using non-invasive evoked proprioceptive feedback delivered to intact participants. Moreover, the evoked sensory information was integrated during myoelectric control effectively for both control strategies. The outcomes can facilitate our understanding of the sensorimotor integration process during human-machine interactions, which can potentially promote fine control of prosthetic hands.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

118-LB: Glucose Variability throughout the Menstrual Cycle on Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 DM

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 118-LB
Author(s):  
CAROL J. LEVY ◽  
GRENYE OMALLEY ◽  
SUE A. BROWN ◽  
DAN RAGHINARU ◽  
YOGISH C. KUDVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Type 1 Dm
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