scholarly journals Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debojyoti Biswas ◽  
Luke A. Arend ◽  
Sarah A. Stamper ◽  
Balázs P. Vágvölgyi ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Eigenmannia Virescens ◽  
Weakly Electric

SummaryActive sensing involves the production of motor signals for the purpose of acquiring sensory information [1–3]. The most common form of active sensing, found across animal taxa and behaviors, involves the generation of movements—e.g. whisking [4–6], touching [7,8], sniffing [9,10], and eye movements [11]. Active-sensing movements profoundly affect the information carried by sensory feedback pathways [12–15] and are modulated by both top-down goals (e.g. measuring weight vs. texture [1,16]) and bottom-up stimuli (e.g. lights on/off [12]) but it remains unclear if and how these movements are controlled in relation to the ongoing feedback they generate. To investigate the control of movements for active sensing, we created an experimental apparatus for freely swimming weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia virescens, that modulates the gain of reafferent feedback by adjusting the position of a refuge based on real time videographic measurements of fish position. We discovered that fish robustly regulate sensory slip via closed-loop control of active-sensing movements. Specifically, as fish performed the task of maintaining position inside the refuge [17–22], they dramatically up- or down-regulated fore-aft active-sensing movements in relation to a 4-fold change of experimentally modulated reafferent gain. These changes in swimming movements served to maintain a constant magnitude of sensory slip. The magnitude of sensory slip depended on the presence or absence of visual cues. These results indicate that fish use two controllers: one that controls the acquisition of information by regulating feedback from active sensing movements, and another that maintains position in the refuge, a control structure that may be ubiquitous in animals [23,24].

scholarly journals Development of adaptive motor control for tactile navigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Azarfar ◽  
Tansu Celikel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Tactile Navigation

Navigation is a result of complex sensorimotor computation which requires integration of sensory information in allocentric and egocentric coordinates as the brain computes a motor plan to drive navigation. In this active sensing process, motor commands are adaptively regulated based on prior sensory information. In the darkness, rodents commonly rely on their tactile senses, in particular to their whiskers, to gather the necessary sensory information and instruct navigation. Previous research has shown that rodents can process whisker input to guide mobility even prior to whisking onset by the end of the second postnatal week, however, when and how adaptive sensorimotor control of whisker position matures is still not known. Here, we addressed this question in rats longitudinally as animals searched for a stationary target in darkness. The results showed that juvenile rats perform object localization by controlling their body, but not whisker position, based on the expected location of the target. Adaptive, closed-loop, control of whisker position matures only after the third postnatal week. Computational modeling of the active whisking showed the emergence of the closed-loop control of whisker position and reactive retraction, i.e. whisker retraction that ensures the constancy of duration of tactile sampling, facilitate the maturation of sensorimotor exploration strategies during active sensing. These results argue that adaptive motor control of body and whiskers develop sequentially, and sensorimotor control of whisker position emerges later in postnatal development upon the maturation of intracortical sensorimotor circuits.

scholarly journals Visual cues for closed-loop control

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
M. K. Kaiser ◽  
B. T. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control

scholarly journals Restoring tactile sensations via neural interfaces for real-time force-and-slippage closed-loop control of bionic hands

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (27) ◽  
pp. eaau9924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Zollo ◽  
Giovanni Di Pino ◽  
Anna L. Ciancio ◽  
Federico Ranieri ◽  
Francesca Cordella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
Successful Fulfillment ◽  
Neural Feedback ◽  
Tactile Sensations

Despite previous studies on the restoration of tactile sensation to the fingers and the hand, there are no examples of use of the routed sensory information to finely control a prosthestic hand in complex grasp and manipulation tasks. Here, it is shown that force and slippage sensations can be elicited in an amputee by means of biologically inspired slippage detection and encoding algorithms, supported by a stick-slip model of the performed grasp. A combination of cuff and intraneural electrodes was implanted for 11 weeks in a young woman with hand amputation and was shown to provide close-to-natural force and slippage sensations, paramount for substantially improving manipulative skills with the prosthesis. Evidence is provided about the improvement of the participant’s grasping and manipulation capabilities over time resulting from neural feedback. The elicited tactile sensations enabled the successful fulfillment of fine grasp and manipulation tasks with increasing complexity. Grasp performance was quantitatively assessed by means of instrumented objects and a purposely developed metrics. Closed-loop control capabilities enabled by the neural feedback were compared with those achieved without feedback. Further, the work demonstrates that the described amelioration of motor performance in dexterous tasks had as central neurophysiological correlates changes in motor cortical plasticity and that such changes were not of purely motor origin, but were the effect of a strong and persistent drive of the sensory feedback.

scholarly journals Closed-Loop Control of Active Sensing Movements Regulates Sensory Slip

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 4029-4036.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debojyoti Biswas ◽  
Luke A. Arend ◽  
Sarah A. Stamper ◽  
Balázs P. Vágvölgyi ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Loop Control

Communication with self, friends and foes in active-sensing animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Te K. Jones ◽  
Kathryne M. Allen ◽  
Cynthia F. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fish ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Weakly Electric

ABSTRACT Animals that rely on electrolocation and echolocation for navigation and prey detection benefit from sensory systems that can operate in the dark, allowing them to exploit sensory niches with few competitors. Active sensing has been characterized as a highly specialized form of communication, whereby an echolocating or electrolocating animal serves as both the sender and receiver of sensory information. This characterization inspires a framework to explore the functions of sensory channels that communicate information with the self and with others. Overlapping communication functions create challenges for signal privacy and fidelity by leaving active-sensing animals vulnerable to eavesdropping, jamming and masking. Here, we present an overview of active-sensing systems used by weakly electric fish, bats and odontocetes, and consider their susceptibility to heterospecific and conspecific jamming signals and eavesdropping. Susceptibility to interference from signals produced by both conspecifics and prey animals reduces the fidelity of electrolocation and echolocation for prey capture and foraging. Likewise, active-sensing signals may be eavesdropped, increasing the risk of alerting prey to the threat of predation or the risk of predation to the sender, or drawing competition to productive foraging sites. The evolutionary success of electrolocating and echolocating animals suggests that they effectively counter the costs of active sensing through rich and diverse adaptive behaviors that allow them to mitigate the effects of competition for signal space and the exploitation of their signals.

Development of a Test Bed for Evaluating Electron Gun Shape Correction of Distributed Structures

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Martin ◽  
John A. Main ◽  
George C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Shape Correction ◽  
Distributed Structures ◽  
High Range

Abstract Electron gun control of distributed structures is an emerging technology that needs to be further characterized. Due to the experimental demands of this technique a unique testing apparatus must be developed. This equipment must meet the demands of high precision and high range measurement for use in “real-time” closed loop control applications. This system is further complicated in that these measurements must be done remotely, external to the bulky experimental apparatus. The system and issues concerning its use are discussed.

Closed-loop control of a prosthetic finger via evoked proprioceptive information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Vargas ◽  
He (Helen) Huang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xiaogang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Prosthetic Finger

Abstract Objective. Proprioceptive information plays an important role for recognizing and coordinating our limb’s static and dynamic states relative to our body or the environment. In this study, we determined how artificially evoked proprioceptive feedback affected the continuous control of a prosthetic finger. Approach. We elicited proprioceptive information regarding the joint static position and dynamic movement of a prosthetic finger via a vibrotactor array placed around the subject’s upper arm. Myoelectric signals of the finger flexor and extensor muscles were used to control the prosthesis, with or without the evoked proprioceptive feedback. Two control modes were evaluated: the myoelectric signal amplitudes were continuously mapped to either the position or the velocity of the prosthetic joint. Main Results. Our results showed that the evoked proprioceptive information improved the control accuracy of the joint angle, with comparable performance in the position- and velocity-control conditions. However, greater angle variability was prominent during position-control than velocity-control. Without the proprioceptive feedback, the position-control tended to show a smaller angle error than the velocity-control condition. Significance. Our findings suggest that closed-loop control of a prosthetic device can potentially be achieved using non-invasive evoked proprioceptive feedback delivered to intact participants. Moreover, the evoked sensory information was integrated during myoelectric control effectively for both control strategies. The outcomes can facilitate our understanding of the sensorimotor integration process during human-machine interactions, which can potentially promote fine control of prosthetic hands.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

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