scholarly journals Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolini)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pável Matos-Maraví ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg ◽  
André V. L. Freitas ◽  
Phil J. DeVries ◽  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neotropical Rainforest

AbstractRegional species diversity is ultimately explained by speciation, extinction, and dispersal. Here we estimate dispersal and speciation rates in Neotropical rainforest biomes to propose an explanation for the distribution and diversity of extant butterfly species. We focus on the tribe Brassolini (owl butterflies and allies): a Neotropical group that comprises 17 genera and 108 species, most of them endemic to rainforest biomes. We infer a total-evidence species tree using the multispecies coalescent framework. By applying biogeographical stochastic mapping, we infer ancestral ranges and estimate rates of dispersal and cladogenesis at the scale of millions of years. We suggest that speciation in Mesoamerica and the northwestern flank of the Andes have only increased within the past 2 million years. In contrast, speciation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest has been constant throughout the past 10 million years. The disparate species diversification dynamics may be partly explained by the geological and environmental history of each bioregion. Importantly, the dispersal rates into the Atlantic Forest and Mesoamerica plus NW Andes increased simultaneously in the middle-Miocene, suggesting that lineages from such regions have had comparable times for speciation despite their decoupled diversification dynamics. Diversification of extant Amazonian lineages, on the other hand, has episodically increased since the late Miocene, including a rise in speciation rate during the Pleistocene. Altogether, our results reveal a mosaic of biome-specific evolutionary histories within the Neotropics, where species have diversified rapidly (cradles: e.g., Mesoamerica), have accumulated gradually (museums: e.g., Atlantic Forest), or have alternately diversified and accumulated (e.g., Amazonia).

scholarly journals Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pável Matos-Maraví ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg ◽  
André V L Freitas ◽  
Phil Devries ◽  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stochastic Mapping

Abstract Regional species diversity is explained ultimately by speciation, extinction and dispersal. Here, we estimate dispersal and speciation rates of Neotropical butterflies to propose an explanation for the distribution and diversity of extant species. We focused on the tribe Brassolini (owl butterflies and allies), a Neotropical group that comprises 17 genera and 108 species, most of them endemic to rainforest biomes. We inferred a robust species tree using the multispecies coalescent framework and a dataset including molecular and morphological characters. This formed the basis for three changes in Brassolini classification: (1) Naropina syn. nov. is subsumed within Brassolina; (2) Aponarope syn. nov. is subsumed within Narope; and (3) Selenophanes orgetorix comb. nov. is reassigned from Catoblepia to Selenophanes. By applying biogeographical stochastic mapping, we found contrasting species diversification and dispersal dynamics across rainforest biomes, which might be explained, in part, by the geological and environmental history of each bioregion. Our results revealed a mosaic of biome-specific evolutionary histories within the Neotropics, where butterfly species have diversified rapidly (cradles: Mesoamerica), have accumulated gradually (museums: Atlantic Forest) or have diversified and accumulated alternately (Amazonia). Our study contributes evidence from a major butterfly lineage that the Neotropics are a museum and a cradle of species diversity.

New Species of Entypus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) and notes on the natural history of some Atlantic Forest spider wasps

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5061 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
VINICIUS M. LOPEZ ◽  
RENAN KOBAL DE OLIVEIRA ALVES CARDOSO ◽  
RODRIGO R. CEZÁRIO ◽  
RHAINER GUILLERMO-FERREIRA ◽  
EDUARDO F. DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
History Of

We describe the new species Entypus renata, sp. nov., from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and report on its host. We also provide the first host records for Ageniella (Priophanes) erythroptera (Banks), Entypus bituberculatus (Guérin-Méneville) and an undetermined species of Poecilopompilus Ashmead. In addition, we report behavioral aspects for these species, including a new ethological sequence for Poecilopompilus.  

Reflections on the Public Interpretation of Regional Environmental History In Western Pennsylvania

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Chris J. Magoc
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Public History ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
Western Pennsylvania

This essay attempts to counter the scarcity of efforts to address issues of natural resource extraction and environmental exploitation in public history forums. Focused on western Pennsylvania, it argues that the history of industrial development and its deleterious environmental impacts demands a regional vision that not only frames these stories within the ideological and economic context of the past, but also challenges residents and visitors to consider this history in light of the related environmental concerns of our own time. The essay explores some of the difficult issues faced by public historians and practitioners as they seek to produce public environmental histories that do not elude opportunities to link past and present in meaningful ways.

Gariwerd

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
The 19Th Century

People have been visiting and living in the Victorian Grampians, also known as Gariwerd, for thousands of generations. They have both witnessed and caused vast environmental transformations in and around the ranges. Gariwerd: An Environmental History of the Grampians explores the geological and ecological significance of the mountains and combines research from across disciplines to tell the story of how humans and the environment have interacted, and how the ways people have thought about the environments of the ranges have changed through time. In this new account, historian Benjamin Wilkie examines how Djab wurrung and Jardwadjali people and their ancestors lived in and around the mountains, how they managed the land and natural resources, and what kinds of archaeological evidence they have left behind over the past 20 000 years. He explores the history of European colonisation in the area from the middle of the 19th century and considers the effects of this on both the first people of Gariwerd and the environments of the ranges and their surrounding plains in western Victoria. The book covers the rise of science, industry and tourism in the mountains, and traces the eventual declaration of the Grampians National Park in 1984. Finally, it examines more recent debates about the past, present and future of the park, including over its significant Indigenous history and heritage.

The World the Bedouin Lived in: Climate, Migration and Politics in the Early Modern Arab East

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Astrid Meier ◽  
Tariq Tell
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Marginal Zones

Environmental history provides a perspective from which we can deepen our understanding of the past because it examines the relationships of people with their material surroundings and the effects of those relationships on the individual as well as the societal level. It is a perspective that holds particular promise for the social and political history of arid and marginal zones, as it contributes to our understanding of the reason some groups are more successful than others in coping with the same environmental stresses. Historians working on the early modern Arab East have only recently engaged with the lively field of global environmental history. After presenting a brief overview of some strands of this research, this article illustrates the potential of this approach by looking closely at a series of conflicts involving Bedouin and other power groups in the southern parts of Bilād al-Shām around the middle of the eighteenth century.

Sedimentary evolution and environmental history of L ake V an ( T urkey) over the past 600 000 years

Sedimentology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1830-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Stockhecke ◽  
Michael Sturm ◽  
Irene Brunner ◽  
Hans‐Ulrich Schmincke ◽  
Mari Sumita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
History Of

Uranium isotopes as proxies of the environmental history of the Lake Baikal watershed (East Siberia) during the past 150ka

2010 ◽  
Vol 294 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Goldberg ◽  
E.P. Chebykin ◽  
N.A. Zhuchenko ◽  
S.S.Vorobyeva ◽  
O.G. Stepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

scholarly journals A MATA ATLÂNTICA E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: da pré-história ao período colonial brasileiro

2017 ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Marcos Pinheiro Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
The Relationship

O artigo realiza um diálogo com alguns historiadores ambientais, tendo como foco a história da Mata Atlântica, demonstrando a pertinência de revermos criticamente os padrões de produção e de apropriação dos recursos naturais, desde a pré-história até o período colonial no Brasil. Recuperando historicamente as relações das diferentes formações sociais com a floresta, compreende-se o caráter predatório dos impactos socioambientais resultantes do projeto colonizador português em nosso país.Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica; História Ambiental; Ensino de História. THE ATLANTIC FOREST AND THE TEACHING OF HISTORY: from prehistory to brazilian colonial periodAbstractThe article conducts a dialogue with some environmental historians with a focus on the history of the Atlantic Forest, demonstrating the relevance of critically reviewing the patterns of production and appropriation of natural resources, from prehistoric times to the colonial period in Brazil. By recovering historically the relationship between the forest and different social formations, we can understand the predatory nature of socio-environmental impacts resulting from the Portuguese colonial project in our country.Keywords: Atlantic Forest; Environmental History; History Teaching.

scholarly journals Ka Mua, Ka Muri-Walking Backwards into the Future: An Environmental History of the South Wairarapa Region 1984-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Jane Rainford
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of The South

<p>‘Ka mua, ka muri’, Walking backwards into the future, is a Māori proverb that aptly describes the findings of this thesis. That we should look to the past to inform the future is arguably the purpose of history, yet we have to walk back far enough. Tracing back from the present, this thesis will address what has driven political, economic, environmental and social change within the South Wairarapa region from 1984 to the present day. The region has experienced significant changes to its physical and social environment over the past thirty years. Many modern historians have attributed the key changes of this period, such as agricultural intensification, diversification, rising unemployment and environmental degradation, to the economic re-structuring of the Fourth Labour Government. This thesis will argue that these changes, and neoliberal reform itself, are consequent of much longer historiographical trends. Examination of the historical context and legacies of the intensification of dairy farming, rise of the viticulture industry, and the relationship between Ngāti Kahungunu and Rangitāne o Wairarapa and their whenua, reveals complexities in the history of the region that histories of neoliberal change commonly conceal. The identification of these long running historiographical trends aides understanding of the historical context in which neoliberal reform occurred, and provides alternative narratives for the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years. Furthermore, it suggests alternative trajectories for how viticulture, agriculture and Te Ao Māori may walk into the future.</p>

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