scholarly journals Tuber yield and processing quality response of French fried potatoes to nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Ziquan Wang ◽  
Guanghui Jin ◽  
Guizhi Zhang ◽  
Chunyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fried Potatoes

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an important factor that influences potato production; appropriate N fertilizer management can optimize tuber yield and quality and thus reduce the risk of environmental N losses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg ha−1) on the total tuber yield, marketable yield, dry matter content, reducing sugar content, sucrose content of tuber, and fry color index of two potato cultivars (Kennebec and Shepody) in 2016 and 2017. N supply significantly affected tuber yield and processing quality, but these effects depended on the year and/or cultivar. The results indicated that low (75 kg ha−1) and medium-N application rates (150 or 225 kg ha−1) had a positive effect on tuber yield and processing quality; however, high-N application rates (300 and 375 kg ha−1) resulted in lower yield and poor quality. Total and marketable yields responded quadratically to N, and they were optimized at 150 kg ha −1 for Kennebec and 225 kg ha−1 for Shepody in both the years. The processing quality of tubers also responded quadratically with increasing N application rates. The optimal range of N application was approximately 145–185.83 kg ha−1 for Kennebec and approximately 93.44–288.67 kg ha−1 for Shepody according to the processing quality standards of French fried potatoes in China. To achieve the goals of high yield and high quality, N application rates should be 150 kg ha−1for Kennebec and 225 kg ha−1 for Shepody.

scholarly journals Performance, Variance Components, and Acceptability of Pro-vitamin A-Biofortified Sweetpotato in Southern Africa and Implications in Future Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Francisca Matsaure ◽  
Peter Sekwena Setimela ◽  
Joyful Tatenda Rugare ◽  
Cacious Stanford Nyakurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Lattice Design

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major cause of blindness in children under 5 years. Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) is widely grown in this region, and pro-vitamin A varieties could help to combat such problems. Fourteen newly introduced orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties from the International Potato Centre (CIP) and two local checks were evaluated at four environments using a 4 × 4 triple-lattice design for total tuber yield, marketable yield, unmarketable yield, total tuber numbers, marketable tuber numbers, unmarketable tuber numbers, dry matter content, and sensory characteristics on boiled sweetpotato. Since varieties were previously tested intensively by CIP under diverse conditions, the focus of the current study was to determine their acceptability by farmers. Across-environment ANOVA showed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) for environments, genotypes, and genotype × environment interaction (GE) for all traits studied. Variety Cecelia outperformed the rest in three environments. Cecelia, Erica, Ininda, and Lourdes were found to be the top four most stable and high-yielding varieties. Genetic gains of the top four varieties over the preferred local check Mai Chenje ranged from 135 to 184%, and across-environment broad-sense heritability was 60% for tuber yield. Furthermore, farmers accepted the dry matter content (which was >25%) and taste of all the introduced OFSP varieties. Since there was a high acceptability by farmers, introductions from CIP could help improve human nutrition. Despite the appropriate design, the error variance component was the highest for all traits, and proper field plot techniques were proposed in future breeding and testing activities.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Carrot Cultivars with Eight Nitrogen Rates and Best Management Practices

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert Conway Hochmuth ◽  
Marina Burani-Arouca ◽  
Charles Edward Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Application Rates

Carrot (Daucus carota) production has increased in North Florida and South Georgia since 2015. Deep sandy soils, moderate winter climate, availability of irrigation water, and proximity to eastern markets are favorable for carrot production in the region. Nitrogen (N) is required for successful carrot production, and the current recommended N application rate in Florida is 196 kg·ha−1. The objective of this study was to verify the recommended N rate for the sandy soils of North Florida using current industry standard cultivars and practices. Carrot cultivars for the whole carrot fresh market, Choctaw and Maverick, and cultivars for the cut-and-peel market, Triton and Uppercut 25, were direct seeded on 102-cm-wide pressed bed tops on 29 Oct. 2016 and 2 Nov. 2017 in Live Oak, FL. Eight N application rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, 336, 392, and 448 kg·ha−1) were tested, and all N applications were placed on the bed top. N rates were split and timed to increase N use efficiency. Regression analyses were used to determine the optimal N rate for carrots in North Florida. A quadratic plateau regression for both seasons combined indicated 206 kg·ha−1 N was the optimal rate for carrots, with marketable yield of 71.3 Mg·ha−1, regardless of cultivar. All four cultivars attained acceptable yield including Uppercut 25, which exhibited significant foliage damage following freezing temperatures. This study resulted in updated information on best management practices for carrot production in Florida, especially nutrient stewardship.

scholarly journals Tomato Growth, Yield, and Root Development, Soil Nitrogen and Water Distribution as Affected by Nitrogen and Irrigation Rates on a Florida Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1755
Author(s):  
Ibukun T. Ayankojo ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni ◽  
Guodong D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

Effective nutrient and irrigation management practices are critical for optimum growth and yield in open-field fresh-market tomato production. Although nutrient and irrigation management practices have been well-studied for tomato production in Florida, more studies of the current highly efficient production systems would be considered essential. Therefore, a two-season (Fall 2016 and Spring 2017) study was conducted in Immokalee, FL, to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rates under different irrigation regimes and to determine the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production. To evaluate productivity, the study investigated the effects of N rates and irrigation regimes on plant and root growth, yield, and production efficiency of fresh-market tomato. The study demonstrated that deficit irrigation (DI) targeting 66% daily evapotranspiration (ET) replacement significantly increased tomato root growth compared with full irrigation (FI) at 100% ET. Similarly, DI application increased tomato growth early in the season compared with FI. Therefore, irrigation applications may be adjusted downward from FI, especially early during a wet season, thereby potentially improving irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) and reducing leaching potential of Florida sandy soils. However, total marketable yield significantly increased under FI compared with DI. This suggests that although DI may increase early plant growth, the application of DI throughout the season may result in yield reduction. Although N application rates had no significant effects on biomass production, tomato marketable yield with an application rate of 134 kg·ha−1 N was significantly lower compared with other N application rates (179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1). It was also observed that there were no significant yield benefits with N application rates higher than 179 kg·ha−1. During the fall, iWUE was higher under DI (33.57 kg·m−3) than under FI (25.57 kg·m−3); however, iWUE was similar for both irrigation treatments during spring (FI = 14.04 kg·m−3; DI = 15.29 kg·m−3). The N recovery (REC-N) rate was highest with 134 kg·ha−1 N; however, REC-N was similar with 179, 224, and 269 kg·ha−1 N rates during both fall and spring. Therefore, these study results could suggest that DI could be beneficial to tomato production only when applied during early growth stages, but not throughout the growing season. Both yield and efficiency results indicated that the optimum N requirement for open-field fresh-market tomato production in Florida may not exceed 179 kg·ha−1 N.

The combined effect of sowing methods, and nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic characteristics, and soil water consumption of wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAFEEZ NOOR ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Zhiq-iang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Abstract Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on Improvements in crop photosynthetic characteristics and, crop yield. Study the effects of sowing method and N-nitrogen rates on yield, selected sowing, and soil water storage, nitrogen translocation. Experiment comprised of three sowing methods: wide-space sowing (WSS), furrow sowing (FS), and drill sowing (DS) and seven nitrogen treatments: 0 kg ha− 1, 90 kg ha− 1, 180 kg ha− 1, 210 kg ha− 1, 240 kg ha− 1, 270 kg ha− 1 and 300 kg ha− 1.The results indicated that the sowing methods significantly affected the yield, and grain. The increase in grain yield was 25%, respectively. The photosynthetic traits, and leaf area index were highest under WS followed by FS. The plant height was highest under DS. I (WSS), and (II) (DS). Sowing method WSS with N level N240 significantly enhanced the Photosynthesis Rate, intercellular CO2, and transpiration rate .Our results indicated that implication of a proper sowing method coupled with enhanced nitrogen doses resulted in an increase in yield. WSS 240 kg ha− 1 enhances photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, and promotes to achieve high yield. The plants were improved, which ware beneficial to the improvement of sugar content.

The effect of in-row seed piece spacing and harvest date of the tuber yield and processing quality of Conestoga potatoes in southern Manitoba

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Piece ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Large Tuber

Conestoga was registered in Canada in 1982. It has been readily accepted by chip producers and processors in Manitoba, although little information on the effect of commercial production practices on the yield and processing quality under Manitoba conditions is available. In this study, the effect of within-row seed piece spacing at three harvest dates on Conestoga potatoes for the early-season chip processing market was evaluated under rainfed conditions in southern Manitoba in 1982, 1983 and 1986. Treatments consisted of spacings of 22, 30, 38 and 46 cm between seed pieces within the row, with 1 m between row centers, harvested at 10-d intervals starting at 75 ± 5 d after planting (DAP) each year. As spacing between seed pieces increased, total, small and maingrade tuber yield and number, and specific gravity decreased. Large tuber yield and number increased. The number of mainstems per plant, the incidence of hollow heart and chip color were unaffected. Delaying harvest resulted in an increased yield of total and maingrade tubers, and higher specific gravity. The highest marketable yield (maingrade plus large tubers) resulted from the 22-cm in-row spacing. The total number of tubers harvested and the number of maingrade tubers increased between 75 and 85 DAP, but did not increase substantially after 85 DAP. Chip color and the incidence of hollow heart were not significantly affected by harvest date. Key words: Potato, population, spacing, harvest date, hollow heart, chip color

scholarly journals Yield formation and quality characteristics of early potatoes during a short growing period

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUSTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied at MTT Agrifood Research Finland during 1996–1997. Cultivars were harvested at three times. The experimental layout was a split-split-plot with harvest times as main plots and nitrogen fertilization and potato cultivars as the subplots. The fertilizer treatments were 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and the cultivars tested were Timo, Gloria and Van Gogh. The harvest times were 57–62, 70–75 and 85–90 days after planting. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 intensifi ed canopy development and increased leaf area of the stands. At early harvest the tuber yield of all cultivars receiving the higher nitrogen application increased by 0.5–2.5 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivar was Timo. At last harvest, the higher nitrogen treatment increased yield by 3.0–6.2 t ha-1. The highest yielding cultivars were Timo and Van Gogh. The dry matter content of tubers was very low, 13.8–17.2%, at the fi rst harvest and the higher nitrogen application reduced dry matter content by 0.3–1.0%. The highest fertilizer application rate resulted in the largest tuber size. Nitrogen application, however, affected the quality of potatoes by decreasing the dry matter content. The nitrate content in tubers increased signifi cantly with the increasing level of nitrogen. The range of nitrate content in tubers fl uctuated between 13 and 189 mg kg-1 fresh weight showing good controlling of nitrate values. Harvest time affected sucrose content and the reducing sugar content in tubers, but nitrogen fertilizer did not change the sugar content of tubers. As tuber yield and quality during a short growing season are affected mainly by intercepted radiation, methods to increase tuber yield should focus on reducing the time to emergence, improving haulm growth after emergence and increasing the harvest index.;

scholarly journals New potato variety Siverskiy and some agrotechnological method of its cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (03) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Zinaida Evdokimova ◽  
Svetlana Balakina ◽  
Marina Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the research of this work was to assess the main economically significant traits of a new medium-ripening nematode-resistant potato variety Siverskiy according to the data of the State varietal plots of the Russian Federation and to study individual agrotechnical methods of its cultivation. Method of research. Testing, hybridization, assessments, determination of biochemical parameters, table qualities, analysis for resistance to pathogens were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations for the technology of the potato breeding process. Results. The Siverskiy variety has competitive characteristics and meets many requirements of potato producers and consumers. In terms of ripening, it belongs to the mid-season group, multi-tuber, the average marketable yield is 24.0–29.0 t/ha, the maximum – 48.1–52.7 t/ha. It has excellent taste, increased dry matter content, attractive tuber shape, resistance to quarantine objects, late blight of tubers, viruses, common scab. The results of testing the variety in contrasting soil and climatic conditions of the Northwestern and Central Black Earth regions of the Russian Federation indicate a wide rate of its response to environmental conditions. The optimal parameters of agrotechnical methods of the generally accepted cultivation technology were revealed, taking into account the biological characteristics of the variety, which contribute to the realization of its potential productivity: the density of plantings for food purposes is 55 thousand pcs/ha with the introduction of complete mineral fertilizer at a dose of N90P90K90. The efficiency of cultivation of the Siverskiy variety was established using wide-row technology (90 cm), which provided a yield of 52.7 t/ha, the average weight of a marketable tuber 102 g, marketability. Scientific novelty consists in the creation of a new variety Siverskiy (hybrid 3602/28), which has a high yield, resistance to the main most harmful pathogens, quarantine objects and the development of individual technological parameters for its cultivation.

scholarly journals Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. unshiu Tan.) selection for fruit quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan ◽  
Yu. S. Abil’fazova ◽  
O. O. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Traits

Citrus horticulture in Russia is confined to the humid subtropical conditions of the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Region, with tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. unshiu Tan.) as a major market crop. The past decade has witnessed a steady increase in the production and consumption of fresh, easy-peeled tangerines. The bulk of existing evidence on the citrus fruit quality traits is built on research on oranges and grapefruits as main market crops, and relatively little is known on the unique qualities of tangerine. The article discusses the key quality traits of tangerine, including the fruit mass, size, colour, flavour and major biochemical quality indices. We justify the importance of breeding tangerine, specify the crop model and identify priorities, including the biochemical fruit improvement. The study involved 12 elite tangerine forms obtained by distant hybridisation at the Subtropical Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The new promising forms received a brief pomological description and qualitative assessment. The preliminarily selected large-fruit and high-yield forms are 2-2-1, 99-2, 99-4 and 99-8. Specimen with a higher sugar content (>9 %): 99-2, 99-4, 99-8; higher ascorbate content (>75 mg/100): 97-3, 98-1, 98-2, 98-9; dry matter content: 2-2, 99-2, 99-4, 98-8, 2-1; balanced sugar-acid ratio: 2-1, 99-2, 99-4, 99-8 (sugar-acid index 9.8-10.3). The elite forms obtained by directed breeding are of equal or superior fruit quality to the zoned “Kowano-Wase” cultivar. These forms are competitive on today’s fruit market and promising for further breeding work towards improved fruit quality.

Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Yield and processing quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
E. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fry Colour ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity

Split fertilizer N application is thought to improve fertilizer N use efficiency of potato, primarily by reducing NO3 leaching losses. This study evaluated the effects of the rate and timing of N fertilization on yield and processing quality of Russet Burbank potato under rain-fed production. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different fertilizer N rates (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Tuber total and marketable yield, size distribution, specific gravity, fry colour and tuber concentrations of NO3, sucrose and glucose were measured. Increasing rates of N fertilization increased tuber yield and tuber size, increased tuber NO3 concentration and decreased tuber specific gravity, but had little effect on tuber sugar concentrations or fry colour. Season-to-season variations in total tuber yield responses to N fertilization rate were attributed primarily to variation in soil N supply. Timing of N application had little effect on tuber yield, size distribution or processing quality under adequate soil moisture conditions. However, under dry soil conditions, split N application reduced tuber yield and tuber size. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, tuber specific gravity, tuber nitrate concentration, fry colour

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping carrot (Daucus carota L.) with french marigold (Tagetes patula nana L.) and pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) on the occurrence of some pests and quality of carrot yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jankowska ◽  
Elżbieta Jędrszczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Poniedziałek
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Pot Marigold

Intercropping combines different aspects of the interaction between organisms in ecosystems and may be classified as a pro-ecological method of plant cultivation limiting the harmful human interference in the environment, especially the use of chemicals. It also allows high yield, good quality, and economic productivity to be achieved. The aim of the present study, conducted in the years 2003–2004 in Mydlniki near Kraków, was to determine the effect of intercropping carrot Nardin F<sup>1</sup> with French marigold (<em>Tagetes patula nana </em>L.) 'Kolombina' and pot marigold (<em>Calendula officinalis </em>L.) 'Promyk' on carrot yield, its quality, and the occurrence of pests. On average in both years of the study, intercropping did not reduce total or marketable carrot yield. In 2003 intercropping contributed to a significant increase in marketable yield compared with yield from sole cropping. In 2004 the dry matter content was higher in the roots of carrots grown with pot marigold. The treatments intercropped with both French and pot marigold were characterized by an increased content of sugars in carrot roots and in 2004 year – of carotenoids. Intercropping had a significant effect on the number of roots damaged by the carrot rust fly, <em>Psila rosae</em>, (the best in this respect was the combination with <em>Tagetes</em>) and by nematodes (the best in this respect was the combination with <em>Calendula</em>). The number of larvae of carrot psyllid, <em>Trioza viridula</em>, was significantly lower in the plots where carrot was intercropped. The study did not find intercropping to have a positive effect on reducing the occurrence of the root aphid.

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