scholarly journals Preliminary findings of single session of noninvansive brain stimulation over parietal lobe and performance on spatial memory task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Marija Čolić ◽  
Uroš Konstantinović ◽  
Jovana Bjekić ◽  
R Saša Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Long Term Effects

AbstractSpatial memory relies on efficient encoding, storage and retrieval of spatial information, which enables us to remember paths or locations of objects in everyday life. Moreover, this type of memory has been shown to decline with age and various neurodegenerative disorders. Parietal cortex has been shown to play an important role in the formation of short-term representations of spatial information. The aim of the current study was to test the possibility of immediate and long-term spatial memory enhancement, by increasing excitability of parietal posterior cortex. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over posterior parietal cortex in a placebo-controlled cross-over study. Participants received anodal (1.5 mA) or sham tDCS stimulation over P4 site (10-20 EEG system) for 20 minutes in two separate sessions. Immediately after stimulation, participants completed a spatial maze task, which consisted of learning block, 2D recall, and 3D recall. Spatial memory performance was tested 24 hours and 7 days after stimulation, to assess potential long-term effects. We found no significant effects of anodal stimulation on spatial memory performance either on immediate or delayed recall. This was the case with both, 2D and 3D spatial memory recall. Our results are in line with some studies that suggest that single brain stimulation sessions do not always produce effects on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Sex-dependent long-term effects of prepubescent stress on the posterior parietal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 100295
Author(s):  
Mona Fariborzi ◽  
Soo Bin Park ◽  
Ali Ozgur ◽  
Gyorgy Lur
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Shared long-term and short-term memory representational formats in occipital and parietal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vy A. Vo ◽  
David W. Sutterer ◽  
Joshua J. Foster ◽  
Thomas C. Sprague ◽  
Edward Awh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Sensory Evoked

AbstractCurrent theories propose that the short-term retention of information in working memory (WM) and the recall of information from long-term memory (LTM) are supported by overlapping neural mechanisms in occipital and parietal cortex. Both are thought to rely on reinstating patterns of sensory activity evoked by the perception of the remembered item. However, the extent of the shared representations between WM and LTM are unclear, and it is unknown how WM and LTM representations may differ across cortical regions. We designed a spatial memory task that allowed us to directly compare the representations of remembered spatial information in WM and LTM. Critically, we carefully matched the precision of behavioral responses in these tasks. We used fMRI and multivariate pattern analyses to examine representations in (1) retinotopic cortex and (2) lateral parietal cortex (LPC) regions previously implicated in LTM. We show that visual memories were represented in a sensory-like code in both tasks across retinotopic regions in occipital and parietal cortex. LPC regions also encoded remembered locations in both WM and LTM, but in a format that differed from the sensory-evoked activity. These results suggest a striking correspondence in the format of WM and LTM representations across occipital and parietal cortex. On the other hand, we show that activity patterns in nearly all parietal regions, but not occipital regions, contained information that could discriminate between WM trials and LTM trials. Our data provide new evidence for theories of memory systems and the representation of mnemonic content.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Trains at 1 Hz Frequency of the Right Posterior Parietal Cortex Facilitate Recognition Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppa Renata Mangano ◽  
Massimiliano Oliveri ◽  
Daniela Smirni ◽  
Vincenza Tarantino ◽  
Patrizia Turriziani
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Retrieval Phase

Neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and brain stimulation studies have led to contrasting findings regarding the potential roles of the lateral parietal lobe in episodic memory. Studies using brain stimulation methods reported in the literature do not offer unequivocal findings on the interactions with stimulation location (left vs. right hemisphere) or timing of the stimulation (encoding vs. retrieval). To address these issues, active and sham 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) trains of 600 stimuli were applied over the right or left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) before the encoding or before the retrieval phase of a recognition memory task of unknown faces in a group of 40 healthy subjects. Active rTMS over the right but not the left PPC significantly improved non-verbal recognition memory performance without any significant modulation of speed of response when applied before the retrieval phase. In contrast, rTMS over the right or the left PPC before the encoding phase did not modulate memory performance. Our results support the hypothesis that the PPC plays a role in episodic memory retrieval that appears to be dependent on both the hemispheric lateralization and the timing of the stimulation (encoding vs. retrieval).

scholarly journals Studying Spatial Memory in Augmented and Virtual reality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shachar Maidenbaum ◽  
Ansh Patel ◽  
Isaiah Garlin ◽  
Josh Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
List Type ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Mobile Ar ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
World Environment

AbstractSpatial memory is a crucial part of our lives. Spatial memory research and rehabilitation in humans is typically performed either in real environments, which is challenging practically, or in Virtual Reality (VR), which has limited realism. Here we explored the use of Augmented Reality (AR) for studying spatial cognition. AR combines the best features of real and VR paradigms by allowing subjects to learn spatial information in a flexible fashion while walking through a real-world environment. To compare these methods, we had subjects perform the same spatial memory task in VR and AR settings. Although subjects showed good performance in both, subjects reported that the AR task version was significantly easier, more immersive, and more fun than VR. Importantly, memory performance was significantly better in AR compared to VR. Our findings validate that integrating AR can lead to improved techniques for spatial memory research and suggest their potential for rehabilitation.HighlightsWe built matching spatial memory tasks in VR and ARSubjectively, subjects find the AR easier, more immersive and more funObjectively, subjects are significantly more accurate in AR compared to VRPointing based tasks did not fully show the same advantagesOnly AR walking significantly correlated with SBSoD, suggesting mobile AR better captures more natural spatial performance

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor with Subjective and Objective Quantification via Mailed-In Questionnaires

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana H. de Oliveira ◽  
Matthew R. Ginsberg ◽  
Scott Cooper ◽  
Amy Nowacki ◽  
Ali Rezai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Objective Quantification ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals First evidence of long-term effects of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) on the human brain

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Matt ◽  
Lisa Kaindl ◽  
Saskia Tenk ◽  
Anicca Egger ◽  
Teodora Kolarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Pulse Stimulation

Abstract Background With the high spatial resolution and the potential to reach deep brain structures, ultrasound-based brain stimulation techniques offer new opportunities to non-invasively treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about long-term effects of ultrasound-based brain stimulation. Applying a longitudinal design, we comprehensively investigated neuromodulation induced by ultrasound brain stimulation to provide first sham-controlled evidence of long-term effects on the human brain and behavior. Methods Twelve healthy participants received three sham and three verum sessions with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) focused on the cortical somatosensory representation of the right hand. One week before and after the sham and verum TPS applications, comprehensive structural and functional resting state MRI investigations and behavioral tests targeting tactile spatial discrimination and sensorimotor dexterity were performed. Results Compared to sham, global efficiency significantly increased within the cortical sensorimotor network after verum TPS, indicating an upregulation of the stimulated functional brain network. Axial diffusivity in left sensorimotor areas decreased after verum TPS, demonstrating an improved axonal status in the stimulated area. Conclusions TPS increased the functional and structural coupling within the stimulated left primary somatosensory cortex and adjacent sensorimotor areas up to one week after the last stimulation. These findings suggest that TPS induces neuroplastic changes that go beyond the spatial and temporal stimulation settings encouraging further clinical applications.

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