scholarly journals Inland-coastal bifurcation of southern East Asians revealed by Hmong-Mien genomic history

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yang Xia ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Chuan-Chao Wang ◽  
Hong-Xiang Zheng ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Before Present ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian Lineage

ABSTRACTThe early history of the Hmong-Mien language family and its speakers is elusive. A good variety of Hmong-Mien-speaking groups distribute in Central China. Here, we report 903 high-resolution Y-chromosomal, 624 full-sequencing mitochondrial, and 415 autosomal samples from 20 populations in Central China, mainly Húnán Province. We identify an autosomal component which is commonly seen in all the Hmong-Mien-speaking populations, with nearly unmixed composition in Pahng. In contrast, Hmong and Mien respectively demonstrate additional genomic affinity to Tibeto-Burman and Kra-Dai speakers. We also discover two prevalent uniparental lineages of Hmong-Mien speakers. Y-chromosomal haplogroup O2a2a1b1a1b-N5 diverged ∼2,330 years before present (BP), approximately coinciding with the estimated time of Proto-Hmong-Mien (∼2,500 BP), whereas mitochondrial haplogroup B5a1c1a significantly correlates with Pahng and Mien. All the evidence indicates a founding population substantially contributing to present-day Hmong-Mien speakers. Consistent with the two distinct routes of agricultural expansion from southern China, this Hmong-Mien founding ancestry is phylogenetically closer to the founding ancestry of Neolithic Mainland Southeast Asians and present-day isolated Austroasiatic-speaking populations than Austronesians. The spatial and temporal distribution of the southern East Asian lineage is also compatible with the scenario of out-of-southern-China farming dispersal. Thus, our finding reveals an inland-coastal genetic discrepancy related to the farming pioneers in southern China and supports an inland southern China origin of an ancestral meta-population contributing to both Hmong-Mien and Austroasiatic speakers.

scholarly journals Novel insights into the historical biogeography of the streak-breasted scimitar babbler complex (Aves: Timaliidae: Pomatorhinus ruficollis complex)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 910-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Reddy ◽  
Árpád S. Nyári
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Central China ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
History Of

Abstract The Streak-breasted Scimitar Babblers of the Pomatorhinus ruficollis species complex are found in most of the forested habitats across southern and eastern Asia. The diversification history of this group is obscured by high plumage variation across populations and conflicting genetic signal across loci. We combined genetic and geographic data from several recent studies to investigate how these species diversified across China using both phylogenetic and ecological niche modeling analyses. These two lines of evidence are consistent in showing that two well-sampled species, P. reconditus and P. nigrostellatus, in central and southern China respectively, likely experienced a history of isolation and expansion as suitable habitat contracted during the last interglacial and expanded in patchy extent during the glacial maximum. The genetic analysis showed that populations of P. nigrostellatus on Hainan Island are very similar to the ones in nearby mainland southern China. We recovered two well-supported clades within P. reconditus that were not geographically structured with both containing individuals from the same localities across central China. This phylogenetic result corresponded to the ecological niche models that showed expansion from refugia since the last interglacial. This study illustrates the value of using an integrative approach and detailed geographic sampling to help understand the recent diversification of birds in China.

scholarly journals Genomic Insight Into the Population Structure and Admixture History of Tai-Kadai-Speaking Sui People in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Bin ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Youyi Huang ◽  
Rongyao Wei ◽  
Kongyang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of

Sui people, which belong to the Tai-Kadai-speaking family, remain poorly characterized due to a lack of genome-wide data. To infer the fine-scale population genetic structure and putative genetic sources of the Sui people, we genotyped 498,655 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using SNP arrays in 68 Sui individuals from seven indigenous populations in Guizhou province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southwest China and co-analyzed with available East Asians via a series of population genetic methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, pairwise Fst genetic distance, f-statistics, qpWave, and qpAdm. Our results revealed that Guangxi and Guizhou Sui people showed a strong genetic affinity with populations from southern China and Southeast Asia, especially Tai-Kadai- and Hmong-Mien-speaking populations as well as ancient Iron Age Taiwan Hanben, Gongguan individuals supporting the hypothesis that Sui people came from southern China originally. The indigenous Tai-Kadai-related ancestry (represented by Li), Northern East Asian-related ancestry, and Hmong-Mien-related lineage contributed to the formation processes of the Sui people. We identified the genetic substructure within Sui groups: Guizhou Sui people were relatively homogeneous and possessed similar genetic profiles with neighboring Tai-Kadai-related populations, such as Maonan. While Sui people in Yizhou and Huanjiang of Guangxi might receive unique, additional gene flow from Hmong-Mien-speaking populations and Northern East Asians, respectively, after the divergence within other Sui populations. Sui people could be modeled as the admixture of ancient Yellow River Basin farmer-related ancestry (36.2–54.7%) and ancient coastal Southeast Asian-related ancestry (45.3–63.8%). We also identified the potential positive selection signals related to the disease susceptibility in Sui people via integrated haplotype score (iHS) and number of segregating sites by length (nSL) scores. These genomic findings provided new insights into the demographic history of Tai-Kadai-speaking Sui people and their interaction with neighboring populations in Southern China.

scholarly journals Research Progress on Iron-Heart Cunninghamia lanceolate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninghua Zhu ◽  
Xiaowei Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang Han ◽  
Xiao Can
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolate

Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lambert.) Hooker is one of the main fast-growing timber forest species in southern China which has a long history of cultivation and spreads across 28 provinces, cities, and regions. Recently, a variant of fir was discovered in the Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province. The heartwood is hard as iron and its ratio is more than 80%, with the especial character of anti-corruption. It is a natural germplasm resource, called Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate. Study on it is still in the stage of data accumulation. In this paper, we studied it from three points as follows: (1) Plus tree selection and construction of germplasm resources nursery. (2) Study on cone and seed quality. (3) Genetic structure analysis of natural population. The research of Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate lays a theoretical foundation for the protection, development, and utilization of the black-heart wood germplasm resources of Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate in the future.

scholarly journals Genomic Insights into the Demographic History of Southern Chinese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Huang ◽  
Zi-Yang Xia ◽  
Xiaoyun Bin ◽  
Guanglin He ◽  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
East And Southeast Asia

ABSTRACTSouthern China is the birthplace of rice-cultivating agriculture, different language families, and human migrations that facilitated these cultural diffusions. The fine-scale demographic history in situ, however, remains unclear. To comprehensively cover the genetic diversity in East and Southeast Asia, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 211 present-day Southern Chinese and co-analyzed them with more than 1,200 ancient and modern genomes. We discover that the previously described ‘Southern East Asian’ or ‘Yangtze River Farmer’ lineage is monophyletic but not homogeneous, comprising four regionally differentiated sub-ancestries. These ancestries are respectively responsible for the transmission of Austronesian, Kra-Dai, Hmong-Mien, and Austroasiatic languages and their original homelands successively distributed from East to West in Southern China. Multiple phylogenetic analyses support that the earliest living branching among East Asian-related populations is First Americans (∼27,700 BP), followed by the pre-LGM differentiation between Northern and Southern East Asians (∼23,400 BP) and the pre-Neolithic split between Coastal and Inland Southern East Asians (∼16,400 BP). In North China, distinct coastal and inland routes of south-to-north gene flow had established by the Holocene, and further migration and admixture formed the genetic profile of Sinitic speakers by ∼4,000 BP. Four subsequent massive migrations finalized the complete genetic structure of present-day Southern Chinese. First, a southward Sinitic migration and the admixture with Kra-Dai speakers formed the ‘Sinitic Cline’. Second, a bi-directional admixture between Hmong-Mien and Kra-Dai speakers gave rise to the ‘Hmong-Mien Cline’ in the interior of South China between ∼2,000 and ∼1,000 BP. Third, a southwestward migration of Kra-Dai speakers in recent ∼2,000 years impacted the genetic profile for the majority of Mainland Southeast Asians. Finally, an admixture between Tibeto-Burman incomers and indigenous Austroasiatic speakers formed the Tibeto-Burman speakers in Southeast Asia by ∼2,000 BP.

Charles Rathouis's painting (1889) of Augustine Henry's goral from the Yichang gorges, China

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
E. CHARLES NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Central China ◽  
History Of

An original watercolour by the French Jesuit Père Charles Rathouis (1834–1890) of a goral from central China, named Kemas henryanus by Père Pierre Heude (now Naemorhedus caudatus griseus Milne-Edwards 1872), is described; the history of the animal depicted is recounted from Dr Augustine Henry's manuscript diaries and other sources.

The Pleistocene eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington, from 300,000 to 12,800 years before present

2008 ◽  
pp. 593-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Clynne ◽  
Andrew T. Calvert ◽  
Edward W. Wolfe ◽  
Russell C. Evarts ◽  
Robert J. Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Before Present ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mount St Helens

Vernacular Capitalism and Intellectual History in a Gujarati Account of China, 1860–68

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Michael O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Late Qing China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This article examines one of the earliest Gujarati travelogues concerning China, written by Damodar Ishwardas—a Hindu resident of Bombay and a clerk for a Sunni Khoja commercial firm—and published in Bombay in 1868. Based on a three-year trip to the port cities of southern China, Ishwardas's text runs close to 400 pages and was patronized by a prominent stratum of Bombay's Gujarati-speaking commercial and bureaucratic elite. The primary intervention in this article is to analyze Ishwardas's account as a neglected relic of vernacular capitalism and vernacular intellectual history. Furthermore, the text presents an opportunity to reexamine the history of the Indian intellectual and mercantile engagement with late Qing China, especially before anticolonial nationalism and pan-Asianism supplied new paradigms for Indian writing on East Asia beginning around 1900. It further points to the many unstudied Indian materials that have yet to be integrated into the study of modern capitalism in the regions from the South China Sea to the western Indian Ocean.

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