scholarly journals Medial prefrontal decoupling from the default mode network benefits memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C.J. Müller ◽  
M. Dresler ◽  
G. Janzen ◽  
C.F. Beckmann ◽  
G Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
New Material

AbstractIn the last few years the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in memory processing has received increased attention. It is centrally involved when we use prior knowledge (schemas) to improve learning of new material. With the mPFC also being one of the core hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and the DMN’s role in memory retrieval, we decided to investigate whether the mPFC in a schema paradigm acts independently of the DMN. We tested this with data from a cross-sectional developmental study. During retrieval of schema items, the mPFC decoupled from the DMN with the degree of decoupling predicting memory performance. This finding suggests that a demand specific reconfiguration of the DMN supports schema memory. Additionally, we found that in the control condition, which relied on episodic memory, activity in the parahippocampal gyrus was positively related to memory performance. We interpret these results as a demand specific network reconfiguration of the DMN: a decoupling of the mPFC to support schema memory and a decoupling of the parahippocampal gyrus facilitating episodic memory. This supports the notion of dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in response to task demands in the sense of process specific alliances.

scholarly journals Longitudinal stability of the brain functional connectome is associated with episodic memory performance in aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Therese Ousdal ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Knut Kolskår ◽  
Alexandra Vik ◽  
Eike Wehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe brain functional connectome forms a relatively stable and idiosyncratic backbone that can be used for identification or “fingerprinting” of individuals with a high level of accuracy. While previous cross-sectional evidence has demonstrated increased stability and distinctiveness of the brain connectome during the course of childhood and adolescence, less is known regarding the longitudinal stability in middle and old age. Here we collected structural and resting state functional MRI data at two time-points separated by 2-3 years in 75 middle-aged and older adults (age 49-80, SD = ± 6.91 years) which allowed us to assess the long-term stability of the functional connectome. We show that the connectome backbone generally remains stable over a 2-3 year time frame in middle- and old age. Independent of age, cortical volume was associated with the connectome stability of several canonical resting-state networks, suggesting that the connectome backbone relates to the structural integrity of the cortex. Moreover, individual longitudinal stability of subcortical and default mode networks were associated with differences in cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of episodic memory performance, supporting the functional relevance. The findings encourage the use of connectome stability analyses for understanding individual differences in cognitive aging. Furthermore, the observation that age-related changes in episodic memory performance relates to the stability of subcortical and default mode networks, provides new longitudinal evidence for the importance of these networks in maintaining mnemonic processing in old age.

scholarly journals Wisdom and fluid intelligence are dissociable in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cutter A. Lindbergh ◽  
Heather Romero-Kornblum ◽  
Sophia Weiner-Light ◽  
J. Clayton Young ◽  
Corrina Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: The relationship between wisdom and fluid intelligence (Gf) is poorly understood, particularly in older adults. We empirically tested the magnitude of the correlation between wisdom and Gf to help determine the extent of overlap between these two constructs. Design: Cross-sectional study with preregistered hypotheses and well-powered analytic plan (https://osf.io/h3pjx). Setting: Memory and Aging Center at the University of California San Francisco, located in the USA. Participants: 141 healthy older adults (mean age = 76 years; 56% female). Measurements: Wisdom was quantified using a well-validated self-report-based scale (San Diego Wisdom Scale or SD-WISE). Gf was assessed via composite measures of processing speed (Gf-PS) and executive functioning (Gf-EF). The relationships of SD-WISE scores to Gf-PS and Gf-EF were tested in bivariate correlational analyses and multiple regression models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, and education). Exploratory analyses evaluated the relationships between SD-WISE and age, episodic memory performance, and dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortical volumes on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Wisdom showed a small, positive association with Gf-EF (r = 0.181 [95% CI 0.016, 0.336], p = .031), which was reduced to nonsignificance upon controlling for demographics, and no association with Gf-PS (r = 0.019 [95% CI −0.179, 0.216], p = .854). Wisdom demonstrated a small, negative correlation with age (r = −0.197 [95% CI −0.351, −0.033], p = .019), but was not significantly related to episodic memory or prefrontal volumes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that most of the variance in wisdom (>95%) is unaccounted for by Gf. The independence of wisdom from cognitive functions that reliably show age-associated declines suggests that it may hold unique potential to bolster decision-making, interpersonal functioning, and other everyday activities in older adults.

Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley Davis ◽  
Emily Hirsch ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Margaret Andover ◽  
Amy Krain Roy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Epilepsia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia McCormick ◽  
Maher Quraan ◽  
Melanie Cohn ◽  
Taufik A. Valiante ◽  
Mary Pat McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

Genetic Contributions to Individual Differences in Memory Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Göran Nilsson ◽  
Christine Van Broeckhoven ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complement Factor C3

This paper discusses generally the potential effects of genetic markers on individual differences in cognitive performance. Research on the role of two genetic markers related to the immune system—complement factor C3 and haptoglobin—and one genetic marker—apolipoprotein E (ApoE)—and the interaction with environmental conditions of cognitive support at memory encoding and retrieval are discussed in particular. Data from an ongoing longitudinal study are used to illustrate that the two markers of the immune system are strongly associated with performance in episodic memory tasks, although there is no association to semantic memory. Cross-sectional data reveal a relatively weak association between apolipoprotein E and memory performance. Preliminary analyses of longitudinal data reveal a somewhat stronger association between this genetic marker and some aspects of episodic memory performance.

Interrelations between Subjective Health and Episodic Memory Change in Swedish and Canadian Samples of Older Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å Wahlin ◽  
Scott B. Maitland ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Change ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Kungsholmen Project

Recent research has documented associations between subjective health ratings and objective indicators of disease and death. Less is known about relations between subjective health ratings and level of cognitive performance in older adults. In this study, we explored whether subjective health ratings are related to episodic memory performance, both concurrently and across a three-year longitudinal interval. Persons aged 75–84 years, and participating in the Swedish Kungsholmen Project ( n = 105) or the Canadian Victoria Longitudinal Study ( n = 71), were examined. Results showed that in both samples, while the cross-sectional relationship was non-significant, longitudinal change in perceptions of subjective health were related to change in episodic memory performance. Next, the two samples were combined in additional analyses. Here, results further revealed that the associations between longitudinal change in subjective health and memory performance generalized across samples independently of demographic, changing physical health status, and subjective memory decline differences. Thus, the present findings suggest that subjective health may be added to the growing number of individual-difference variables that are predictive of episodic memory change in very old age.

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