scholarly journals Longitudinal stability of the brain functional connectome is associated with episodic memory performance in aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Therese Ousdal ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Knut Kolskår ◽  
Alexandra Vik ◽  
Eike Wehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe brain functional connectome forms a relatively stable and idiosyncratic backbone that can be used for identification or “fingerprinting” of individuals with a high level of accuracy. While previous cross-sectional evidence has demonstrated increased stability and distinctiveness of the brain connectome during the course of childhood and adolescence, less is known regarding the longitudinal stability in middle and old age. Here we collected structural and resting state functional MRI data at two time-points separated by 2-3 years in 75 middle-aged and older adults (age 49-80, SD = ± 6.91 years) which allowed us to assess the long-term stability of the functional connectome. We show that the connectome backbone generally remains stable over a 2-3 year time frame in middle- and old age. Independent of age, cortical volume was associated with the connectome stability of several canonical resting-state networks, suggesting that the connectome backbone relates to the structural integrity of the cortex. Moreover, individual longitudinal stability of subcortical and default mode networks were associated with differences in cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of episodic memory performance, supporting the functional relevance. The findings encourage the use of connectome stability analyses for understanding individual differences in cognitive aging. Furthermore, the observation that age-related changes in episodic memory performance relates to the stability of subcortical and default mode networks, provides new longitudinal evidence for the importance of these networks in maintaining mnemonic processing in old age.

scholarly journals Longitudinal stability of the brain functional connectome is associated with episodic memory performance in aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Therese Ousdal ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Knut Kolskår ◽  
Alexandra Vik ◽  
Eike Wehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Medial prefrontal decoupling from the default mode network benefits memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C.J. Müller ◽  
M. Dresler ◽  
G. Janzen ◽  
C.F. Beckmann ◽  
G Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
New Material

AbstractIn the last few years the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in memory processing has received increased attention. It is centrally involved when we use prior knowledge (schemas) to improve learning of new material. With the mPFC also being one of the core hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and the DMN’s role in memory retrieval, we decided to investigate whether the mPFC in a schema paradigm acts independently of the DMN. We tested this with data from a cross-sectional developmental study. During retrieval of schema items, the mPFC decoupled from the DMN with the degree of decoupling predicting memory performance. This finding suggests that a demand specific reconfiguration of the DMN supports schema memory. Additionally, we found that in the control condition, which relied on episodic memory, activity in the parahippocampal gyrus was positively related to memory performance. We interpret these results as a demand specific network reconfiguration of the DMN: a decoupling of the mPFC to support schema memory and a decoupling of the parahippocampal gyrus facilitating episodic memory. This supports the notion of dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in response to task demands in the sense of process specific alliances.

scholarly journals Wisdom and fluid intelligence are dissociable in healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cutter A. Lindbergh ◽  
Heather Romero-Kornblum ◽  
Sophia Weiner-Light ◽  
J. Clayton Young ◽  
Corrina Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: The relationship between wisdom and fluid intelligence (Gf) is poorly understood, particularly in older adults. We empirically tested the magnitude of the correlation between wisdom and Gf to help determine the extent of overlap between these two constructs. Design: Cross-sectional study with preregistered hypotheses and well-powered analytic plan (https://osf.io/h3pjx). Setting: Memory and Aging Center at the University of California San Francisco, located in the USA. Participants: 141 healthy older adults (mean age = 76 years; 56% female). Measurements: Wisdom was quantified using a well-validated self-report-based scale (San Diego Wisdom Scale or SD-WISE). Gf was assessed via composite measures of processing speed (Gf-PS) and executive functioning (Gf-EF). The relationships of SD-WISE scores to Gf-PS and Gf-EF were tested in bivariate correlational analyses and multiple regression models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, and education). Exploratory analyses evaluated the relationships between SD-WISE and age, episodic memory performance, and dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortical volumes on magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Wisdom showed a small, positive association with Gf-EF (r = 0.181 [95% CI 0.016, 0.336], p = .031), which was reduced to nonsignificance upon controlling for demographics, and no association with Gf-PS (r = 0.019 [95% CI −0.179, 0.216], p = .854). Wisdom demonstrated a small, negative correlation with age (r = −0.197 [95% CI −0.351, −0.033], p = .019), but was not significantly related to episodic memory or prefrontal volumes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that most of the variance in wisdom (>95%) is unaccounted for by Gf. The independence of wisdom from cognitive functions that reliably show age-associated declines suggests that it may hold unique potential to bolster decision-making, interpersonal functioning, and other everyday activities in older adults.

Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley Davis ◽  
Emily Hirsch ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Margaret Andover ◽  
Amy Krain Roy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

scholarly journals ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MEMORY: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF RECIPROCAL IMPACTS ACROSS OLD AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S651-S651
Author(s):  
Oliver K Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lagged Effects

Abstract Research on the association of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging revealed mixed evidence: Whereas a u-shaped relationship has been found in many studies, suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, other findings suggest that alcohol is a more linearly related risk factor for cognitive decline. These inconsistencies may partly be due to methodological variation in the statistical modeling of intraindividual changes in both, alcohol consumption and cognition across old age. The present study analyzed longitudinal change in and the mutual effects between alcohol consumption habits and verbal episodic memory (word list recall), using vector autoregressive (VAR) mixed models with nonlinear cross-lagged effects. Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was examined, including N=13388 aged 50+ (M=67.6, SD=9.25; 54.7% female), assessed at up to eight occasions with two-year follow-up intervals (2002/3–2016/17). The self-reported one-year frequency of alcohol drinking days (ADD) served as indicator of alcohol consumption. Basically, ADD predicted follow-up memory performance in a reverse u-shaped fashion, indicating best memory performance after moderate ADD, compared with both ends of the ADD continuum (i.e., drinking never vs. every day). Considering moderators, most notably age did not interact with cross-lagged effects, suggesting that those observed across an older age-range were not more (or less) vulnerable to effects of alcohol consumption on memory performance. Thus, this study adds further support for non-detrimental, if not beneficial, effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive aging – regarding in particular age-related loss of episodic memory.

The effects of a mid-task break on the brain connectome in healthy participants: A resting-state functional MRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sun ◽  
Julian Lim ◽  
Zhongxiang Dai ◽  
KianFoong Wong ◽  
Fumihiko Taya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Healthy Participants

scholarly journals The Default Mode Network In Patient with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): A Resting State fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Shuhada J.M ◽  
Husbani M.A.R ◽  
A I A Hamid ◽  
Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Brain

The default mode network (DMN) is involved in conscious, resting state cognition and is thought to be affected in TLE where seizures cause impairment of consciousness. The study aimed to evaluate the brain activation of the DMN regions in both temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients  and healthy subjects by using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) technique. A same number of fourteen participants with age and gender matched for the healthy subjects and TLE patients were selected with the average age is 36.9 and 37.0 years old, respectively. The rsfMRI imaging protocol was executed using a 3-T Phillips Achieva MRI scanner at the Radiology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). For healthy subjects, the brain activation cluster in bilateral superior parietal lobes (SPL),precuneus (PRE), supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and inferior parietal lobes (IPL) were found higher than TLE patients. While for TLE patients displays higher activation clusters in bilateral MFG, STG, and ANG. The result from  random effects (RFX) on  two-sample t-tests thresholded at p = 0.001 revealed that the TLE patients display significantly higher activations on the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left SMG, left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right IPL. However for the core-region of DMN such as  bilateral precuneus, left MFG, bilateral STG and bilateral IPL were significantly activated but the number of voxels survives are substantially smaller than other regions such as bilateral SFG. The findings suggested that TLE patients may suffer from an impairment in some DMN region, which may cause certain neuropsychological and cognitive degradation.       Keywords: resting-state fMRI, temporal lobe epilepsy, brain activation, two-sample t-tests

Genetic Contributions to Individual Differences in Memory Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Göran Nilsson ◽  
Christine Van Broeckhoven ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complement Factor C3

This paper discusses generally the potential effects of genetic markers on individual differences in cognitive performance. Research on the role of two genetic markers related to the immune system—complement factor C3 and haptoglobin—and one genetic marker—apolipoprotein E (ApoE)—and the interaction with environmental conditions of cognitive support at memory encoding and retrieval are discussed in particular. Data from an ongoing longitudinal study are used to illustrate that the two markers of the immune system are strongly associated with performance in episodic memory tasks, although there is no association to semantic memory. Cross-sectional data reveal a relatively weak association between apolipoprotein E and memory performance. Preliminary analyses of longitudinal data reveal a somewhat stronger association between this genetic marker and some aspects of episodic memory performance.

scholarly journals Functional connectome of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans by 7 Tesla resting-state fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kavita singh ◽  
Simone Cauzzo ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Garcia-Gomar ◽  
Matthew Stauder ◽  
Nicola Vanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Brainstem Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

Brainstem nuclei play a pivotal role in many functions, such as arousal and motor control. Nevertheless, the connectivity of arousal and motor brainstem nuclei is understudied in living humans due to the limited sensitivity and spatial resolution of conventional imaging, and to the lack of atlases of these deep tiny regions of the brain. For a holistic comprehension of sleep, arousal and associated motor processes, we investigated in 20 healthy subjects the resting-state functional connectivity of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei in living humans. To do so, we used high spatial-resolution 7 Tesla resting-state fMRI, as well as a recently developed in-vivo probabilistic atlas of these nuclei in stereotactic space. Further, we verified the translatability of our brainstem connectome approach to conventional (e.g. 3 Tesla) fMRI. Arousal brainstem nuclei displayed high interconnectivity, as well as connectivity to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and frontal cortex, in line with animal studies and as expected for arousal regions. Motor brainstem nuclei showed expected connectivity to the cerebellum, basal ganglia and motor cortex, as well as high interconnectivity. Comparison of 3 Tesla to 7 Tesla connectivity results indicated good translatability of our brainstem connectome approach to conventional fMRI, especially for cortical and subcortical (non-brainstem) targets and to a lesser extent for brainstem targets. The functional connectome of 18 arousal and motor brainstem nuclei with the rest of the brain might provide a better understanding of arousal, sleep and accompanying motor function in living humans in health and disease.

Predicting multilingual effects on executive function and individual connectomes in children: An ABCD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (49) ◽  
pp. e2110811118
Author(s):  
Young Hye Kwon ◽  
Kwangsun Yoo ◽  
Hillary Nguyen ◽  
Yong Jeong ◽  
Marvin M. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Back Task

While there is a substantial amount of work studying multilingualism’s effect on cognitive functions, little is known about how the multilingual experience modulates the brain as a whole. In this study, we analyzed data of over 1,000 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine whether monolinguals and multilinguals differ in executive function, functional brain connectivity, and brain–behavior associations. We observed significantly better performance from multilingual children than monolinguals in working-memory tasks. In one finding, we were able to classify multilinguals from monolinguals using only their whole-brain functional connectome at rest and during an emotional n-back task. Compared to monolinguals, the multilingual group had different functional connectivity mainly in the occipital lobe and subcortical areas during the emotional n-back task and in the occipital lobe and prefrontal cortex at rest. In contrast, we did not find any differences in behavioral performance and functional connectivity when performing a stop-signal task. As a second finding, we investigated the degree to which behavior is reflected in the brain by implementing a connectome-based behavior prediction approach. The multilingual group showed a significant correlation between observed and connectome-predicted individual working-memory performance scores, while the monolingual group did not show any correlations. Overall, our observations suggest that multilingualism enhances executive function and reliably modulates the corresponding brain functional connectome, distinguishing multilinguals from monolinguals even at the developmental stage.

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