scholarly journals Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Prats-Soteras ◽  
M.A. Jurado ◽  
J. Ottino-González ◽  
I. García-García ◽  
B. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesExcessive body mass index (BMI) has been linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation state. Unhealthy BMI has also been related to neuroanatomical changes in adults. However, research in adolescents is relatively limited and has produced conflicting results. This study aims to address the relationship between BMI and adolescents’ brain structure as well as to test the role that inflammatory adipose-related agents might have over this putative link.MethodsWe studied structural MRI and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in 65 adolescents (aged 12-21 years). Relationships between BMI, cortical thickness and surface area were tested with a vertex-wise analysis. Subsequently, we used backward multiple linear regression models to explore the influence of inflammatory parameters in each brain-altered area.ResultsWe found a negative association between cortical thickness and BMI in the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), the left fusiform gyrus and the right precentral gyrus as well as a positive relationship between surface area and BMI in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus. In addition, we found that higher fibrinogen serum concentrations were related to thinning within the left LOC (β = −0.45, p < 0.001) and the left fusiform gyrus (β = - 0.33, p = 0.035), while higher serum levels of TNF-α were associated to a greater surface area in the right superior frontal gyrus (β = 0.32, p = 0.045).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents’ body mass increases are related with brain abnormalities in areas that could play a relevant role in some aspects of feeding behavior. Likewise, we have evidenced that these cortical changes were partially driven by inflammatory agents such as fibrinogen and TNF-α.

scholarly journals Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2275-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Isabelle E Bauer ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Sudhakar Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assessment of Kidney Sizes in Different Age Groups without Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nazma Nazma ◽  
Palakurthy Hariprasad
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Ultrasound imaging is a lightweight, effective, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging tool. It helps to diagnose and treat many renal disorders, as it is known that renal size is closely related to its function. Study was carried out among individuals who do not have renal disease to investigate the normal parameters of the renal size and cortical thickness by ultrasound and determine the normal curves for these parameters that can be compared with those of patients with renal disease. METHODS This was a prospective observational study carried out in the departments of nephrology and radiology. A total of 500 balanced normotensive, male and female volunteers, between the ages of 18 and 80 years, were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Body mass index, left length, left breadth, right cortical thickness, left cortical thickness and body surface area is statistically significant with respect to gender. There is a difference between the right length, breadth, and left breadth that is not statistically significant with respect to gender. Body mass index is negatively correlated with the right breadth and left cortical thickness. The right length is positively correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is negatively correlated with the right breadth, left breadth, and left cortical thickness. Right breadth is positively and significantly correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is correlates negatively with the right length and left cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that when the height and weight of the subject were correlated with renal volume and length in both sexes, there was an important positive relationship. This association between renal volume and the height and weight of the subject was relatively stronger. KEYWORDS Renal Disease, Ultrasound, Renal Length, Cortical Thickness

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface Area and Cortical Thickness Asymmetry in the Human and Chimpanzee Brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiang ◽  
Timothy J Crow ◽  
William D Hopkins ◽  
Neil Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract Comparative study of the structural asymmetry of the human and chimpanzee brain may shed light on the evolution of language and other cognitive abilities in humans. Here we report the results of vertex-wise and ROI-based analyses that compared surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) asymmetries in 3D MR images obtained for 91 humans and 77 chimpanzees. The human brain is substantially more asymmetric than the chimpanzee brain. In particular, the human brain has 1) larger total SA in the right compared with the left cerebral hemisphere, 2) a global torque-like asymmetry pattern of widespread thicker cortex in the left compared with the right frontal and the right compared with the left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe, and 3) local asymmetries, most notably in medial occipital cortex and superior temporal gyrus, where rightward asymmetry is observed for both SA and CT. There is also 4) a prominent asymmetry specific to the chimpanzee brain, namely, rightward CT asymmetry of precentral cortex. These findings provide evidence of there being substantial differences in asymmetry between the human and chimpanzee brain. The unique asymmetries of the human brain are potential neural substrates for cognitive specializations, and the presence of significant CT asymmetry of precentral gyrus in the chimpanzee brain should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Evidence for a specific regional association between lateral orbitofrontal cortex morphometry and increased appetite in major depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marc Anton Mehler ◽  
Nils Opel ◽  
Jonathan Repple ◽  
Nils B Kroemer ◽  
Maike Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right

Increased appetite and body weight are core features of atypical depression. While previous research has consistently highlighted the presence of distinct immunometabolic profiles in atypical depression, little is still known about the neural correlates of atypical symptoms in major depression. Even though obesity and increased body-mass index have frequently been associated with prefrontal brain structural alterations first and foremost in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in healthy and depressed subjects, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical depressive symptoms are associated with similar neural signatures. Here we aimed to investigate associations between appetite and weight change in major depression and OFC morphometry using a multimodal structural neuroimaging approach. We found that increased appetite was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density specifically in the right lateral OFC. Further, Bayesian model comparison showed that appetite change was a more informative predictor for changes in cortical thickness and gray matter density compared to body mass index. No conclusive association between appetite change and white matter tracts connected to the right lateral OFC was found. Our findings highlight the relevance of the right lateral OFC for future investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of the atypical depressive symptom dimensions appetite and weight gain.

scholarly journals Novel Diagnostic Approaches to Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M. Hatzistilianou ◽  
S. Hitoglou ◽  
D. Gougoustamou ◽  
M. Antoniades ◽  
S. Pappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Vegf Inhibitors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inactive Period ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Genital Ulcers ◽  
The Right

A 10 year old boy had visual deterioration in both eyes. Visual acuity was 0.2 in the right and 0.3 in the left eye. Further ophthalmologic findings were typical of posterior uveitis. The pediatric physical examination also disclosed aphthous stomatitis and recurrent aphthous genital ulcers. At diagnosis serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, sIL-2R, MCP-1, VEGF, tADA activity in the patient with active and ABD relapse were significantly higher than those in the inactive period of the disease, suggesting that these parameters may be related to disease activity. In addition to the proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, plasma levels of VEGF and serum tADA activity may be used for the diagnosis of ABD and for monitoring the effect of treatment, as well as the follow-up period. Also, further studies of VEGF may lead to novel therapies with antibodies or other VEGF inhibitors.

scholarly journals A Submaximal Exercise Patterns Intervention on the Plasmatic Leptin Level and Insulin Resistance for Overweight / Obesity Boys Adolescences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Nazem ◽  
Salman Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Interval

Objective: Obesity is a medical problem that increases the risk of health problems like diabetes. Hormones secreting from fat tissue, Leptin, are correlated with body mass index. Leptin reduces the personchr('39')s appetite by acting on specific centers of their brain to reduce their urge to eat. And insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is essential for regulating carbohydrates and the metabolism of fat. A positive relationship between leptin levels and insulin resistance in children showing in this study is to determine the effect of continues-endurance and interval-endurance on leptin serum levels and insulin resistance in over-weighted youths. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental design. Thirty boys were voluntarily selected as a matched two experimental groups and a control. Physical profiles included aged 16-19, BMI; 37.75 (±4.46) KG/M2, base functional capacity: 32.8 (±3.6) ml/kg/min which dividing by three equal groups: the submaximal training interval, a continuum and interval and control group performed the submaximal running program for six weeks on 3 D/W. The selected parameters were evaluated for an intervention pre and post-conditions. Results: weight and body mass index variables were decreased by about 2.5-3% after exercise intervention. Plasmatic leptin levels were reduced by about 45% in the continuum and interval control groups. HOMA-IR & QUICKI indexes altered in the EG (8.9 %, 7.8%) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Presumably, 2 exercise program patterns lower than lactate threshold could change body composition profile, basal leptin level, and blood glucose /insulin concentrations, which probably induced changes in resistance to insulin.

scholarly journals Normal values of coronary arteries branching height in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
U.Ye. Pidvalna ◽  
D.M. Beshley ◽  
M.Z. Mirchuk ◽  
L.R. Mateshuk-Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Morphometric analysis of the structures of the aortic bulb and coronary arteries is necessary for the planning of cardiac surgery and endovascular interventions. The aim of the study was to determine the height of the coronary arteries branching in healthy women of Lviv city and Lviv region and to determine the relationship between the height of the location of the orifice of the coronary artery with anthropometric indicators. Fifteen computed tomography images with contrast of female thorax without heart and ascending aortic lesions (normal) were selected for the study. The height of the upper and lower edges of the coronary arteries was measured; height of Valsalva sinuses. The comparison of the mean values was performed according to the Student’s t-test. The correlation between the observed variables (age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area, height of the sinuses of Valsalva) was calculated using the Pearson linear correlation method (r). According to the study, the population group consisted of persons of the second period of adulthood (46.67 %) and the elderly (53.33 %). According to the body mass index, 80 % were overweight or obese I-II degree. The mean height of the coronary artery orifice in women without structural changes of the heart and ascending aorta was: 11.19±1.96 mm for the left and 11.68±1.80 mm for the right. The height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries were almost the same, without statistical significance (p=0.26). Analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery did not show a probable dependence on height, weight, age, body mass index and body surface area. There is a direct relationship between the parameters of the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery and the height of the upper edge of the right coronary artery (r=+0.75, p=0.001) and between the value of the lower edge of the left coronary artery and the upper edge of the left coronary artery (r=+0.63, p=0.01). Thus, the analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery in women in norm and anthropometric indicators did not show a significant relationship. There was no statistical significance between the indicators of the height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries in women.

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