scholarly journals Reduced Inhibitory Control Mediates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness in the Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Body Mass Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2275-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Isabelle E Bauer ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Sudhakar Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Prats-Soteras ◽  
M.A. Jurado ◽  
J. Ottino-González ◽  
I. García-García ◽  
B. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesExcessive body mass index (BMI) has been linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation state. Unhealthy BMI has also been related to neuroanatomical changes in adults. However, research in adolescents is relatively limited and has produced conflicting results. This study aims to address the relationship between BMI and adolescents’ brain structure as well as to test the role that inflammatory adipose-related agents might have over this putative link.MethodsWe studied structural MRI and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in 65 adolescents (aged 12-21 years). Relationships between BMI, cortical thickness and surface area were tested with a vertex-wise analysis. Subsequently, we used backward multiple linear regression models to explore the influence of inflammatory parameters in each brain-altered area.ResultsWe found a negative association between cortical thickness and BMI in the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), the left fusiform gyrus and the right precentral gyrus as well as a positive relationship between surface area and BMI in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus. In addition, we found that higher fibrinogen serum concentrations were related to thinning within the left LOC (β = −0.45, p < 0.001) and the left fusiform gyrus (β = - 0.33, p = 0.035), while higher serum levels of TNF-α were associated to a greater surface area in the right superior frontal gyrus (β = 0.32, p = 0.045).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents’ body mass increases are related with brain abnormalities in areas that could play a relevant role in some aspects of feeding behavior. Likewise, we have evidenced that these cortical changes were partially driven by inflammatory agents such as fibrinogen and TNF-α.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assessment of Kidney Sizes in Different Age Groups without Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nazma Nazma ◽  
Palakurthy Hariprasad
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Ultrasound imaging is a lightweight, effective, non-invasive, and radiation-free imaging tool. It helps to diagnose and treat many renal disorders, as it is known that renal size is closely related to its function. Study was carried out among individuals who do not have renal disease to investigate the normal parameters of the renal size and cortical thickness by ultrasound and determine the normal curves for these parameters that can be compared with those of patients with renal disease. METHODS This was a prospective observational study carried out in the departments of nephrology and radiology. A total of 500 balanced normotensive, male and female volunteers, between the ages of 18 and 80 years, were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Body mass index, left length, left breadth, right cortical thickness, left cortical thickness and body surface area is statistically significant with respect to gender. There is a difference between the right length, breadth, and left breadth that is not statistically significant with respect to gender. Body mass index is negatively correlated with the right breadth and left cortical thickness. The right length is positively correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is negatively correlated with the right breadth, left breadth, and left cortical thickness. Right breadth is positively and significantly correlated with body mass index, left length, left breadth, and right cortical thickness. Further, it is correlates negatively with the right length and left cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that when the height and weight of the subject were correlated with renal volume and length in both sexes, there was an important positive relationship. This association between renal volume and the height and weight of the subject was relatively stronger. KEYWORDS Renal Disease, Ultrasound, Renal Length, Cortical Thickness

The relationship between cortical thickness and body mass index differs between women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Federico D’Agata ◽  
Angela Spalatro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Relationship

Association between body mass index and cortical thickness: among elderly cognitively normal men and women

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojeong Kim ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Sang Won Seo ◽  
Duk L. Na ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Mild Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:There is increasing evidence of a relationship between underweight or obesity and dementia risk. Several studies have investigated the relationship between body weight and brain atrophy, a pathological change preceding dementia, but their results are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cortical atrophy among cognitively normal participants.Methods:We recruited cognitively normal participants (n = 1,111) who underwent medical checkups and detailed neurologic screening, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the health screening visits between September 2008 and December 2011. The main outcome was cortical thickness measured using MRI. The number of subjects with five BMI groups in men/women was 9/9, 148/258, 185/128, 149/111, and 64/50 in underweight, normal, overweight, mild obesity, and moderate to severe obesity, respectively. Linear and non-linear relationships between BMI and cortical thickness were examined using multiple linear regression analysis and generalized additive models after adjustment for potential confounders.Results:Among men, underweight participants showed significant cortical thinning in the frontal and temporal regions compared to normal weight participants, while overweight and mildly obese participants had greater cortical thicknesses in the frontal region and the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions, respectively. However, cortical thickness in each brain region was not significantly different in normal weight and moderate to severe obesity groups. Among women, the association between BMI and cortical thickness was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that underweight might be an important risk factor for pathological changes in the brain, while overweight or mild obesity may be inversely associated with cortical atrophy in cognitively normal elderly males.

scholarly journals Systolic Blood Pressure Mediates the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Inhibitory Control in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza M. Rego ◽  
Daniel Aranha R. Cabral ◽  
Henrique Bortolotti ◽  
Kell G. Da Costa ◽  
Gleydciane A. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evidence for a specific regional association between lateral orbitofrontal cortex morphometry and increased appetite in major depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marc Anton Mehler ◽  
Nils Opel ◽  
Jonathan Repple ◽  
Nils B Kroemer ◽  
Maike Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
The Right

Increased appetite and body weight are core features of atypical depression. While previous research has consistently highlighted the presence of distinct immunometabolic profiles in atypical depression, little is still known about the neural correlates of atypical symptoms in major depression. Even though obesity and increased body-mass index have frequently been associated with prefrontal brain structural alterations first and foremost in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in healthy and depressed subjects, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical depressive symptoms are associated with similar neural signatures. Here we aimed to investigate associations between appetite and weight change in major depression and OFC morphometry using a multimodal structural neuroimaging approach. We found that increased appetite was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density specifically in the right lateral OFC. Further, Bayesian model comparison showed that appetite change was a more informative predictor for changes in cortical thickness and gray matter density compared to body mass index. No conclusive association between appetite change and white matter tracts connected to the right lateral OFC was found. Our findings highlight the relevance of the right lateral OFC for future investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of the atypical depressive symptom dimensions appetite and weight gain.

scholarly journals The association between body mass index and brain morphology in children: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathelijne Steegers ◽  
Elisabet Blok ◽  
Sander Lamballais ◽  
Vincent Jaddoe ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBrain morphology is altered in both anorexia nervosa and obesity. However, it is yet unclear if the relationship between Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) and brain morphology exists across the BMI-SDS spectrum, or is present only in the extremes. The study involved 3160 9-to-11 year-old children (50.3% female) who participate in Generation R, a population-based study. Structural MRI scans were obtained from all children and FreeSurfer was used to quantify both global and surface-based measures of gyrification and cortical thickness. Body length and weight were measured to calculate BMI. Dutch growth curves were used to calculate BMI-SDS. BMI-SDS was analyzed continuously and in two categories (median split). The relationship between BMI-SDS (range − 3.82 to 3.31) and gyrification showed an inverted-U shape curve in children with both lower and higher BMI-SDS values having lower gyrification in widespread areas of the brain. BMI-SDS had a positive linear association with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions. This study provides evidence for an association between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in a large sample of children from the general population and suggests that a normal BMI during childhood is important for brain development. Future studies could determine whether lifestyle modifications optimize BMI-SDS result in return to more typical patterns of brain morphology.

Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S Jahan ◽  
TR Das ◽  
KB Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

scholarly journals Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Sehn ◽  
Anelise R. Gaya ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Arieli F. Dias ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Television Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

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