scholarly journals FMRF Gene Expression in the Nervous System of the Squid Doryteuthis Pealei* Hatchling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter H. Burbach ◽  
Philip Grant ◽  
Stephen Senft ◽  
Lizzie Kripke ◽  
Anita J.C.G.M. Hellemons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Fiber Networks ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Basal Lobe ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Late Embryo

AbstractFMRFamide is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in invertebrates and known to be involved in many physiological functions. Previously we noted marked differences in expression of the fmrf gene in the stellate ganglion of Doryteuthis pealei* compared to the central nervous system. In this study we aimed to examen the brain systems of Doryteuthis pealei* for the presence and distribution of fmrf-expressing cells and fiber networks. Late squid embryos and hatchlings were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in whole mounts and tissue sections. All central lobes contained limited numbers of scattered neurons expressing fmrf, but the FMRFamide-containing fiber systems were abundant and extensive, mostly present in the neuropil of lobes. Main clusters of neurons were located in the magnocellular and chromatophore lobes of the posterior subesophageal mass (PSM), and in dorsal aspects of the basal lobe (BL). Dense FMRFamide-immunoreactive fibers were particularly seen in the optic lobe (OL), medial and posterior supraesophageal masses (MSM and SPM) often with a commissural organization. The data show that the central lobes of Doryteuthis pealei hatchlings have a matured FMRFamide system organized in a limited number of centers, but with widely distributed efferents. This suggests that FMRFamide neurons are already functionally engaged in the late embryo. The localization indicates that control of chromatophores and fin movement are amongst these functions.

Neuronal pathways of classical crustacean neurohormones in the central nervous system of the woodlouse, Oniscus asellus (L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1320) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone ◽  
Neurosecretory Pathways ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Hyperglycemic Hormone ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Neuropeptide-immunoreactive neurons have been mapped by immunocytochemistry in whole-mount preparations and sections of the central nervous system of Oniscus asellus . We tested rabbit antisera against decapod crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), moult inhibiting hormone (MIH ), pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH). four CHH- and three PDH-immunoreactive neurons localized in the superior median protocerebrum of the brain constitute neurosecretory pathways to the neurohaemal sinus gland. No immunoreactive structures have been detected with an antiserum against MIH of Carcinus maenus . Another, newly identified neurosecretory pathway is formed by a group of RPCH-immunoreactive neurons in the mandibular ganglion. These neurons project to the neurohaemal lateral cephalic nerve plexus, further PDH- and RPCH-immunoreactive neurons and fibres occur in the brain and the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Two groups of PDH-immunoreactive neurons supply brain and optic lobe neuropils, the bases of the ommatidia, and probably give rise to descending fibres innervating all VNC-neuropils. Two groups and five individuals of RPCH-immunoreactive neurons that innervate several brain neuropils or occur as ascending neurons in the VNC have been reconstructed. The CHH-immunoreactive neurons, and distinct types of PDH- and RPCH-immunoreactive neurons obviously belong to classical hormone-producing neurosecretory pathways. At least the CHH-immunoreactive cells seem to be part of an isopod homologue of the decapod X-organ. The existence of other PDH- and RPCH-immunoreactive interneurons suggests additional functions of these peptides as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, which is in agreement with similar observations in the decapod central nervous system.

scholarly journals Detection of Oligodendrocytes in Tissue Sections Using PCR Synthesis of Digoxigenin-labeled Probes

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Jalabi ◽  
Mirela Cerghet ◽  
Robert P. Skoff ◽  
M. Said Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Newborn Mouse ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Mrnas

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, were visualized with excellent resolution at the light microscopic level using in situ hybridization (ISH). Digoxigenin (Dig)-tagged probes were synthesized and efficiently labeled by PCR. Specific probes to myelin genes were made by RT from brain total RNAs, followed by PCR with designed specific primers in the presence of Dig-11-dUTP. Probes specific to proteolipid protein (PLP), PLP and its isoform DM20 (PLP/DM20), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) were synthesized and labeled. ISH was then applied on vibratomed tissue sections from mouse brains. Despite a low expression of MOG-specific and PLP-specific mRNAs in adult and newborn mouse brains, an oligodendrocyte population was detected. The specificity of Dig-labeled probes was confirmed with the double labeling of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry and ISH. This versatile and easy method for synthesis and labeling of specific probes to oligodendrocytes can be also applied to detect many other mRNAs in the nervous system and in other tissues.

scholarly journals High Frequency of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Central Nervous System of Macaques Chronically Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 12346-12351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Moniuszko ◽  
Charlie Brown ◽  
Ranajit Pal ◽  
Elzbieta Tryniszewska ◽  
Wen-Po Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Infection with human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induces virus-specific CD8+ T cells that traffic to lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. In this study, we used Gag-specific tetramer staining to investigate the frequency of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and the central nervous system of Mamu-A*01-positive SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Most of these infected macaques were vaccinated prior to SIVmac251 exposure. The frequency of Gag181-189 CM9 tetramer-positive cells was consistently higher in the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain than in the blood of all animals studied and did not correlate with either plasma viremia or CD4+-T-cell level. Little or no infection in the brain was documented for most animals by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification or in situ hybridization. These data suggest that this Gag-specific response may contribute to the containment of viral replication in this locale.

Overlapping and diverse distribution of Na–K ATPase isozymes in neurons and glia

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (S1) ◽  
pp. S255-S259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Sweadner
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The Na–K ATPase is the plasma membrane enzyme that catalyzes the active uptake of K+ and extrusion of Na+, thereby establishing ion concentration gradients between the inside and outside of the cell. It consumes a large fraction of the energy used in the brain. The enzyme is present in both neurons and glia. Studies of ion flux and of the properties of membrane-associated ATPase activity have suggested that there is more than one functional type of Na–K ATPase in the central nervous system. Molecular cloning has demonstrated that there are three different genes encoding catalytic (α) subunits and at least two genes encoding glycoprotein (β) subunits; all are expressed in the brain. This brief review summarizes the current understanding of Na–K ATPase isozyme distribution and properties. Both neurons and glia can express different isoforms in a cell-specific manner.Key words: Na–K ATPase, monoclonal antibody, immunofluorescence, central nervous system, retina, in situ hybridization.

scholarly journals Central nervous system ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with IRF4/DUSP22 rearrangement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shino Magaki ◽  
Radha Satyadev ◽  
Zesheng Chen ◽  
Kathryn S. Yung ◽  
Harry V. Vinters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) are mature T-cell neoplasms, approximately half of which harbor rearrangements of the ALK gene that confer a good prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that a significant proportion of ALK-negative ALCLs demonstrate rearrangements of the IRF4/DUSP22 locus that also are typically associated with a favorable prognosis. ALCL with primary involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. We report what may be the first case of ALK-negative ALCL with IRF4/DUSP22 rearrangement involving the brain in a 55-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated signal abnormalities in the periventricular region, corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus. Biopsy revealed a diffuse parenchymal and angiocentric infiltrate of CD30-positive cells that showed IRF4/DUSP22 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also review the clinical and pathologic features of primary CNS ALK-negative ALCLs in the literature and highlight the need for awareness of this entity to optimize appropriate management.

scholarly journals XVIII. Contributions to the anatomy of the central nervous system in vertebrate animals

1886 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 733-766 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Among the numerous writers who have turned their attention to the nervous system of Fishes, a list of whom comprises most of the great anatomists of the present and past century, nearly all have confined their investigations to the brain of the Teleostei, to which their attention was almost exclusively directed, and only to a small extent was the nervous system of the Piagiostomata referred to. The names of these writers were given in the first of this series of papers. Busch was the first who devoted a treatise entirely to the nervous system of the Plagiostomata, with which he combined the Ganoids. Written in Latin, this is a plain and, upon the whole, accurate descrip­tion of the external or macroscopic appearance of the brain of the Plagiostomata and Ganoids. Miklucho-Maclay’s contribution, also macroscopic, appeared in 1870. In it he propounded an entirely new theory as to the arrangement of the various parts of the central nervous system. I have made some remarks on this in a former paper; suffice it here to mention that he describes as the thalamencephalon (“ Zwischenhirn ”) that part of the brain which the majority of anatomists consider to be the optic lobe, and the lobe which almost unanimously has been described as the cerebellum he maintains to be the mesencephalon, while he restricts the term hind brain to the small posterior and inferior tuberosity of the cerebellum.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Ultrastructural morphology of neurosecretory neurons in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Grazia Tagliafierro ◽  
Cristiana Crosa ◽  
Marco Canepa ◽  
Tiziano Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Balanus Amphitrite ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Dense Core Granules ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ocellar Nerve

Barnacles are very specialized Crustacea, with strongly reduced head and abdomen. Their nervous system is rather simple: the brain or supra-oesophageal ganglion (SG) is a small bilobed structure and the toracic ganglia are fused into a single ventral mass, the suboesophageal ganglion (VG). Neurosecretion was shown in barnacle nervous system by histochemical methods and numerous putative hormonal substances were extracted and tested. Recently six different types of dense-core granules were visualized in the median ocellar nerve of Balanus hameri and serotonin and FMRF-amide like substances were immunocytochemically detected in the nervous system of Balanus amphitrite. The aim of the present work is to localize and characterize at ultrastructural level, neurosecretory neuron cell bodies in the VG of Balanus amphitrite.Specimens of Balanus amphitrite were collected in the port of Genova. The central nervous system were Karnovsky fixed, osmium postfixed, ethanol dehydrated and Durcupan ACM embedded. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrastructural observations were made on a Philips M 202 and Zeiss 109 T electron microscopy.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document