scholarly journals Biological Aging in Childhood and Adolescence Following Experiences of Threat and Deprivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Colich ◽  
M.L. Rosen ◽  
E.S. Williams ◽  
K.A. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

AbstractLife history theory argues that exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and systematic review testing the hypothesis that ELA involving threat (e.g., violence exposure) will be associated with accelerated biological aging across multiple metrics, whereas exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, institutional rearing) and low-socioeconomic status (SES) will not. We meta-analyze 46 studies (n=64,925) examining associations of ELA with pubertal timing and cellular aging (telomere length and DNA methylation age), systematically review 19 studies (n=2276) examining ELA and neural markers of accelerated development (cortical thickness and amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity) and evaluate whether associations of ELA with biological aging vary according to the nature of adversity experienced. ELA overall was associated with accelerated pubertal timing (d=-0.12) and cellular aging (d=-0.32). Moderator analysis revealed that ELA characterized by threat (d=-0.26), but not deprivation or SES, was associated with accelerated pubertal development. Similarly, exposure to threat-related ELA was associated with accelerated cellular aging (d=-0.43), but not deprivation or SES. Systematic review revealed associations between ELA and accelerated cortical thinning, with threat-related ELA consistently associated with thinning in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and deprivation and SES associated with thinning in frontoparietal, default, and visual networks. There was no consistent association of ELA with amygdala-PFC connectivity. These findings suggest specificity in the types of early environmental experiences associated with accelerated biological aging and highlight the importance of evaluating how accelerated aging contributes to health disparities and whether this process can be mitigated through early intervention.

scholarly journals Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Colich ◽  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Eileen S. Williams ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemataw Gelaw ◽  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Mulugeta Melku
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Mesh Terms

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a major public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occurring predominantly in population with low socioeconomic status. It is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Tuberculosis becomes a double burden among anemic patients. Anemia increases an individual’s susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis by reducing the immunity level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether anemia is a risk factor for tuberculosis. Method Relevant published articles were searched in electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following MeSH terms: risk factor, predictors, tuberculosis, TB, Anaemia, Anemia, hemoglobin, Hgb, and Hb. Articles written in the English, observational studies conducted on the incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis among anemic patients, or papers examined anemia as risk factors for tuberculosis were included. From those studies meeting eligibility criteria, the first author’s name, publication year, study area, sample size and age of participants, study design, and effect measure of anemia for tuberculosis were extracted. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata version 11 for analysis. The random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled OR and HR, and 95% CI. The sources of heterogeneity were tested by Cochrane I-squared statistics. The publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test statistics. Results A total of 17 articles with a 215,294 study participants were included in the analysis. The odd of tuberculosis among anemic patients was 3.56 (95% CI 2.53–5.01) times higher than non-anemic patients. The cohort studies showed that the HR of tuberculosis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.70–2.37) times higher among anemic patients than non-anemic patients. The hazard of tuberculosis also increased with anemia severity (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.92–2.05), 2.08 (95% CI 1.14–3.79), and 2.66 (95% CI 1.71–4.13) for mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively). Conclusion According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we can conclude that anemia was a risk factor for tuberculosis. Therefore, anemia screening, early diagnose, and treatment should be provoked in the community to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.

Academic Interventions for Elementary and Middle School Students With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Dietrichson ◽  
Martin Bøg ◽  
Trine Filges ◽  
Anne-Marie Klint Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Elementary And Middle School

Socioeconomic status is a major predictor of educational achievement. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to identify effective academic interventions for elementary and middle school students with low socioeconomic status. Included studies have used a treatment-control group design, were performed in OECD and EU countries, and measured achievement by standardized tests in mathematics or reading. The analysis included 101 studies performed during 2000 to 2014, 76% of which were randomized controlled trials. The effect sizes (ES) of many interventions indicate that it is possible to substantially improve educational achievement for the target group. Intervention components such as tutoring (ES = 0.36), feedback and progress monitoring (ES = 0.32), and cooperative learning (ES = 0.22) have average ES that are educationally important, statistically significant, and robust. There is also substantial variation in effect sizes, within and between components, which cannot be fully explained by observable study characteristics.

scholarly journals Medial Prefrontal Cortex controlling the immobility of rats in the forced swimming test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Domingues ◽  
F. F. Melleu ◽  
C. Lino de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Predictive Test ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Controlling Behaviour

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) belong to the neural circuitry responsible for the behavioral responses to antidepressants in humans or animals. In the forced swimming (FST), a predictive test for antidepressants in laboratory rodents, inhibition, or stimulation of mPFC may produce antidepressant-like, unlike or no behavioral effect at all. Controversial findings may result from the variety of subregions of mPFC controlling behaviour of rats in the FST. The aim in the present study was to estimate the contribution of subregions of the mPFC to the control of rat behavior in the FST. For an unbiased view and well-powered analysis of the mentioned effects, a systematic review at Medline (Pubmed) followed by a meta-analysis was performed. Compared to other subdivisions, inhibition of prelimbic or infralimbic mPFC caused a significant drop of immobility time in the FST, which is an antidepressant-like effect. Summarizing, prelimbic or infralimbic cortices seem more relevant than other subregions to the control of immobility in the FST underlying the effects of antidepressants on mood and behaviour.

Association of phthalate exposure with precocious and delayed pubertal timing in girls and boys: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Golestanzadeh ◽  
Roya Riahi ◽  
Roya Kelishadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Phthalate Exposure

Herein, recent studies were evaluated to obtain regulation results in relation to puberty status and phthalate exposure in children.

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