scholarly journals Evaluating environmental and ecological landscape characteristics relevant to urban resilience across gradients of land-sharing-sparing and urbanity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dennis ◽  
Katherine L. Scaletta ◽  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecological Landscape

AbstractWithin urban landscape planning, debate continues around the relative merits of land-sparing (compaction) and land-sharing (sprawl) scenarios. Using part of Greater Manchester (UK) as a case-study, we present a landscape approach to mapping green infrastructure and variation in social-ecological-environmental conditions as a function of land sparing and sharing. We do so for the landscape as a whole as well as for areas of high and low urbanity. Results imply potential trade-offs between land-sparing-sharing scenarios relevant to characteristics critical to urban resilience such as landscape connectivity and diversity, air quality, surface temperature, and access to green space. These trade-offs may be particularly complex due to the parallel influence of patch attributes such as land-cover and size and imply that both ecological restoration and spatial planning have a role to play in reconciling tensions between land-sparing and sharing strategies.

scholarly journals Landscape-Based Assessment of Urban Resilience and Its Evolution: A Case Study of the Central City of Shenyang

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Liu ◽  
Chunliang Xiu ◽  
Wei Song
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central City ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs

Urban resilience is increasingly considered a useful approach to accommodate uncertainties while achieving sustainability in urban systems, especially in the context of rapid urbanization and global environmental change. However, current research on the quantitative assessment of urban resilience is limited. This study introduces four proxies of urban resilience, i.e., diversity, connectivity, decentralization, and self-sufficiency, and the perspective of the urban landscape for the measurement of urban resilience and further guidance on planning practices by establishing connections between resilience potential and landscape characteristics. Using multi-source data and employing landscape-based analysis methods, urban resilience is investigated from 1995 to 2015 in the central city of Shenyang. The results indicate that the composition and configuration of the urban landscape changed significantly during this period, which had a great influence on urban resilience. The temporal and spatial evolution of urban resilience showed obviously directional preferences and an evident distance effect. Overall, the resilience level increased slightly, while the internal differences experienced a declining trend. The four characteristics can be deployed as practical principles to shape urban resilience. The adjustment and trade-offs of these aspects to enhance responsive structures and simultaneously maintain sustainable ecosystem services can be effective ways to realize long-term resilience.

scholarly journals THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OF A HIGHLY URBANIZED NEOTROPICAL CITY: THE ROLE OF THE URBAN VEGETATION IN PRESERVING NATIVE BIODIVERSITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Castro Pena ◽  
Danilo Marques Magalhães ◽  
Ana Clara Mourão Moura ◽  
Robert John Young ◽  
Marcos Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Street Trees

We mapped and described the composition of the urban vegetation that comprises the green infrastructure of a highly urbanized Neotropical city, and discussed how it can be used to preserve and maintain urban biodiversity. Almost half of our study area is occupied by 12 types of arboreal and herbaceous vegetation, composed mostly of urban parks, gardens and street trees. Forty-one percent of the almost 90,000 street trees are composed of 10 species with only 4 native species. These results show that this urban landscape is highly heterogeneous and has a great potential for biodiversity conservation. However, management strategies are needed, such as better planning of the urban forestry. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of how this landscape influences local biodiversity, and can be used as a management tool to increase urban resilience and functionality.

scholarly journals Green Infrastructure Planning in Metropolitan Regions to Improve the Connectivity of Agricultural Landscapes and Food Security

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Yacamán Ochoa ◽  
Daniel Ferrer Jiménez ◽  
Rafael Mata Olmo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Metropolitan Regions

Green infrastructure (GI), as a concept and as a tool for environmental land-use planning at various scales, has burst onto the academic, political, and policy-making scenes in the last two decades. This tool, associated with strategic planning, offers integrated solutions for improving the ecological connectivity and urban resilience of open spaces, especially those affected by processes of urban sprawl, the abandonment of agriculture, and the territorial fragmentation of habitats and traditional agricultural landscapes. In spite of the advantages of GI, its design and implementation face a range of challenges and limitations. In this context, this paper has two objectives: Firstly, to address a critical review of recent literature on the subject, which, among other things, highlights the lack of references to the role of peri-urban agriculture in GI planning, and the positive contribution made by peri-urban agriculture to the local food supply and other regulatory and cultural services. Secondly, to propose a methodology to contribute to integrating practical GI planning in metropolitan regions to maximize the activation of traditional agricultural landscapes and the improvement of landscape connectivity in metropolitan regions for the reconnection of rural-urban relationships.

scholarly journals The concept of green infrastructure and urban landscape planning: a challenge for urban forestry planning in Belgrade, Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vasiljević ◽  
B Radić ◽  
S Gavrilović ◽  
B Šljukić ◽  
M Medarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Forestry

scholarly journals Butterfly biodiversity in the city is driven by the interaction of the urban landscape and species traits: a call for contextualised management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clàudia Pla-Narbona ◽  
Constantí Stefanescu ◽  
Joan Pino ◽  
Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo ◽  
Enrique García-Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
The City

Abstract Context Urbanisation is an environmental filter for many species that leads to community homogenisation, with a few species inhabiting isolated patches (e.g. public and private gardens and parks) embedded within the urban landscape. Promoting biodiversity in urban areas requires understanding which species traits allow species to survive the urban landscape. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess how species traits and landscape factors combine to allow species functional groups to live in the city. Methods We used butterfly count data collected by volunteers in 24 gardens of Barcelona city, during 2018 and 2019. Species were clustered in functional groups according to their traits. We applied a multinomial choice model to test for the effect of the landscape on the different functional groups. Results Three functional groups became prevalent in the city while a fourth, containing most sedentary specialist species, was filtered out. Although the observed groups had similar species richness, abundances varied depending on urban landscape characteristics. Specialist sedentary specialists and medium mobile species were all favoured by patch connectivity; while the presence of mobile generalist species was only enhanced by habitat quality. Our results indicate that butterfly communities are more diverse in highly connected gardens. Conclusions Our study highlights the need of contextualised management with actions accounting for the species functional groups, rather than a management focused on general species richness. It demonstrates that urban landscape planning must focus on improving connectivity inside the city in order to diversify the community composition.

Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1366-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Ser Huay Lee ◽  
John Garcia-Ulloa ◽  
Jaboury Ghazoul ◽  
Krystof Obidzinski ◽  
Lian Pin Koh
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Model-Based Evaluation of Land Management Strategies with Regard to Multiple Ecosystem Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zarrineh ◽  
Karim Abbaspour ◽  
Ann Van Griensven ◽  
Bernard Jeangros ◽  
Annelie Holzkämper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Food Provision

In agroecosystem management, conflicts between various services such as food provision and nutrient regulation are common. This study examined the trade-offs between selected ecosystem services such as food provision, water quantity and quality, erosion and climate regulations in an agricultural catchment in Western Switzerland. The aim was to explore the existing land use conflicts by a shift in land use and management strategy following two stakeholder-defined scenarios based on either land sparing or land sharing concepts. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to build an agro-hydrologic model of the region, which was calibrated and validated based on daily river discharge, monthly nitrate and annual crop yield, considering uncertainties associated with land management set up and model parameterization. The results show that land sparing scenario has the highest agricultural benefit, while also the highest nitrate concentration and GHG emissions. The land sharing scenario improves water quality and climate regulation services and reduces food provision. The management changes considered in the two land use scenarios did not seem to reduce the conflict but only led to a shift in trade-offs. Water quantity and erosion regulation remain unaffected by the two scenarios.

scholarly journals Going local – Providing a highly detailed Green Infrastructure geodata set for assessing connectivity and functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Florian Danzinger ◽  
Stefan Fuchs ◽  
Thomas Wrbka
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Corine Land Cover ◽  
Austrian Case

Green Infrastructure (GI) defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas is a key strategy in the European biodiversity strategy and the landscape connectivity agenda. To implement this approach in Central Europe’s (CE) landscape planning policies the Interreg project MaGICLandscapes (ML) tried to operationalise the GI concept in CE as well as in nine case studies, to provide land-managers, policy makers and communities with tools and knowledge, at different spatial levels. Based on the example of the Austrian case study area, the aim of this paper is to present an easy to use approach, as implemented in ML, for producing a highly-detailed regional GI database to overcome the difficulty of realising comprehensive biotope mapping surveys as well as the rather coarse resolution of CORINE Land Cover (CLC). By compiling regional cadastral and agricultural information, highly detailed data on the water network as well as Pan-European High Resolution Layers (HRL), this detailed representation of the regional GI network allows to enhance the regional applicability and acceptance of GI initiatives and provides a crucial foundation for assessing GI connectivity and functionality to develop evidence-based strategies and action plans through stakeholder involvement to direct future actions and investment in GI.

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