scholarly journals Diagnostic value of chest ultrasound in children with cystic fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Strzelczuk-Judka ◽  
Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak ◽  
Aleksandra Zakrzewska ◽  
Katarzyna Jonczyk-Potoczna
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic disorders in the Caucasian population. The disease has a progressive course and leads to reduced life quality and life expectancy. Standard diagnostic procedures used in the monitoring of CF patients, include methods exposing patients to the ionizing radiation. With increasing life expectancy in CF the cumulative dose of ionising radiation increases, prompting clinicians’ search for safer imaging studies. Despite its safety and availability lung ultrasound (LUS) is not routinely used in the diagnostic evaluation of CF patients.The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of LUS in children with CF compared to chest X-ray, and to assess the diagnostic value of the recently developed LUS score - CF-USS (Cystic Fibrosis Ultrasound Score).LUS was performed in 48 CF children aged from 5 to 18 years (24 girls and 24 boys). LUS consisted in the assessment of the pleura, lung sliding, A-line and B-line artifacts, “lung rockets”, alveolar consolidations, air bronchogram and pleural effusion. Chest radiography was performed in all patients and analyzed according to the modified Chrispin-Norman score. LUS was analyzed according to CF-USS.Correlation between the CF-USS and the modified Chrispin-Norman scores were moderate (R=0.52, p=0.0002) and strong in control studies. In 75% of patients undergoing LUS, small areas of subpleural consolidations were observed, not visible on X-rays. At the same time, LUS was not sensitive enough to visualize bronchial pathology, which plays an important role in assessing the disease progression.ConclusionsLUS constitutes an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of subpleural consolidations. CF-USS results correlate with conventional x-ray modified Chrispin–Norman score. LUS should be considered an accessory radiographic examination in the monitoring of CF patients, and CF-USS may provide clinicians with valuable information concerning the disease progression.

scholarly journals COVID-19 detection and disease progression visualization: Deep learning on chest X-rays for classification and coarse localization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Zebin ◽  
Shahadate Rezvy ◽  
Wei Pang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Feature Extractor ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Activation Mapping ◽  
Activation Map

Abstract Chest X-rays are playing an important role in the testing and diagnosis of COVID-19 disease in the recent pandemic. However, due to the limited amount of labelled medical images, automated classification of these images for positive and negative cases remains the biggest challenge in their reliable use in diagnosis and disease progression. We applied and implemented a transfer learning pipeline for classifying COVID-19 chest X-ray images from two publicly available chest X-ray datasets {https://github.com/ieee8023/covid-chestxray-dataset},{https://www.kaggle.com/paultimothymooney/chest-xray-pneumonia}}. The classifier effectively distinguishes inflammation in lungs due to COVID-19 and pneumonia (viral and bacterial) from the ones with no infection (normal). We have used multiple pre-trained convolutional backbones as the feature extractor and achieved an overall detection accuracy of 91.2% , 95.3%, 96.7% for the VGG16, ResNet50 and EfficientNetB0 backbones respectively. Additionally, we trained a generative adversarial framework (a cycleGAN) to generate and augment the minority COVID-19 class in our approach. For visual explanations and interpretation purposes, we visualized the regions of input that are important for predictions and a gradient class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique is used in the pipeline to produce a coarse localization map of the highlighted regions in the image. This activation map can be used to monitor affected lung regions during disease progression and severity stages.

scholarly journals Native and contrast-radiographic examination of the urinary tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Govorcin ◽  
Dusan Hadnadjev ◽  
Sanja Stojanovic ◽  
Zorka Lucic ◽  
Ilona Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Excretory Urography ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Made In

Introduction Plain x-rays and contrast urography are important for diagnosing urinary tract diseases. The first plain film of the urinary tract was made in 1896, and the first tests using contrasts started in 1904. Excretory urography has been used since 1930. Plain film of the urinary tract Plain films of the urinary tract are used in the kidney area, the area of the ureter and urinary bladder. They also show structures (lumbar and sacral spine and pelvis), muscles (m. iliopsoas) as well as calculi. Excretory urography X-ray visualization of the urinary tract with contrast substances is intravenous urography. It is used for diagnosing diseases of the upper urinary system with symptoms such as: pain, colic, hydronephrosis, as well as acute cortical infections, urinary bladder tumors, etc. Retrograde urography Retrograde urography is a procedure recommended when either the pyelocalyx system or the ureter are not seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Cystography and urethrocystography Cystography is used to visualize the bladder. It is recommended in case of intravesical obstruction. Urethrocystography is a technique for investigation of the anterior and prostatic urethra as well as the neck of the urinary bladder. Conclusion Plain film of the urinary tract, excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, cystography and urethrocystography, used along with ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance, are useful diagnostic procedures which provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Energy Dispersive Techniques Using X-Ray Fluorescence with Primary X-Rays for Human Hard Tissues Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Florin Miculescu ◽  
Ion Pencea ◽  
Marian Miculescu ◽  
Iulian Antoniac ◽  
Lucian Toma Ciocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectrometry ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Complementary Analysis ◽  
Systematic Collection

Among others, biomedical research is conducted for the systematic collection and analysis of data from which general conclusions can be drawn and which can increase the life quality of the patients. Given these issues, the aim of the research presented in this paper is to analyze the concentration of heavy elements from the human body, using complementary analysis methods, based on the energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS) technique.

scholarly journals COVID-19 detection and disease progression visualization: Deep learning on chest X-rays for classification and coarse localization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Zebin ◽  
Shahadate Rezvy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Activation Mapping

Abstract Chest X-rays are playing an important role in the testing and diagnosis of COVID-19 disease in the recent pandemic. However, due to the limited amount of labelled medical images, automated classification of these images for positive and negative cases remains the biggest challenge in their reliable use in diagnosis and disease progression. We implemented a transfer learning pipeline for classifying COVID-19 chest X-ray images from two publicly available chest X-ray datasets1,2. The classifier effectively distinguishes inflammation in lungs due to COVID-19 and Pneumonia from the ones with no infection (normal). We have used multiple pre-trained convolutional backbones as the feature extractor and achieved an overall detection accuracy of 90%, 94.3%, and 96.8% for the VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNetB0 backbones respectively. Additionally, we trained a generative adversarial framework (a CycleGAN) to generate and augment the minority COVID-19 class in our approach. For visual explanations and interpretation purposes, we implemented a gradient class activation mapping technique to highlight the regions of the input image that are important for predictions. Additionally, these visualizations can be used to monitor the affected lung regions during disease progression and severity stages.

scholarly journals EFEK STOKASTIK RADIASI SINAR-X DENTAL PADA IBU HAMIL DAN JANIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Niluh Ringga Woroprobosari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ionization Reaction ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
Instrument Control

Background: Dental radiographic examination is one of the most frequent radiological examinations carried out. X-rays in dental radiography is a short­wave electromagnetic rays that cause ionization reaction to any biological material in its path. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of stochastic effects in general as well as to pregnant women and fetuses in particular.Discussion: Ionizing radiation, such as X-ray radiation, is potentially teratogenic. Safe dose has not been well defined, although there has been approved dosing limits. Gestational age most vulnerable is the end of week 2 to A weeks post-conception. If the much needed radiographs of a woman who is pregnant, then the X-ray exposure will be directed mostly to the head and neck area.Conc/usion: Therefore, the application of the principle of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) as well as good protection, including instrument control, protection of the room, the cumulative exposure dose control, and the use of apron throughout the process, is noteworthy. Such protection, especially for pregnant women and fetuses.

scholarly journals Case finding of tuberculosis among mining communities in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248718
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Ohene ◽  
Frank Bonsu ◽  
Yaw Adusi-Poku ◽  
Francisca Dzata ◽  
Mirjam Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Symptom Screening

Background Data on active TB case finding activities among artisanal gold mining communities (AMC) is limited. The study assessed the yield of TB cases from the TB screening activities among AMC in Ghana, the factors associated with TB in these communities and the correlation between the screening methods and a diagnosis of TB. Methods We conducted secondary data analyses of NTP program data collected from TB case finding activities using symptom screening and mobile X-ray implemented in hard to reach AMC. Yield of TB cases, number needed to screen (NNS) and the number needed to test (NNT) to detect a TB case were assessed and logistic regression were conducted to assess factors associated with TB. The performance of screening methods chest X-ray and symptoms in the detection of TB cases was also evaluated. Results In total 10,441 people from 78 communities in 24 districts were screened, 55% were female and 60% (6,296) were in the aged 25 to 54 years. Ninety-five TB cases were identified, 910 TB cases per 100,000 population screened; 5.6% of the TB cases were rifampicin resistant. Being male (aOR 5.96, 95% CI 3.25–10.92, P < 0.001), a miner (aOR 2.70, 95% CI 1.47–4.96, P = 0.001) and age group 35 to 54 years (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.35–3.84, P = 0.002) were risk factors for TB. NNS and NNT were 110 and 24 respectively.; Cough of any duration had the strongest association with X-ray suggestive of TB with a correlation coefficient of 0.48. Cough was most sensitive for a diagnosis of TB; sensitivity of 86.3% (95% CI 79.4–93.2) followed by X-ray, sensitivity 81.1% (95% CI 71.7–88.4). The specificities of the symptoms and X-rays ranged from 80.2% (cough) to 97.3% (sputum). Conclusion The high risk of TB in the artisanal mining communities and in miners in this study reinforces the need to target these populations with outreach programs particularly in hard to reach areas. The diagnostic value of cough highlights the usefulness of symptom screening in this population that may be harnessed even in the absence of X-ray to identify those suspected to have TB for further evaluation.

Radiation Exposure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Newborns and Staff

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Cagri Cakir ◽  
Bayram Ali Dorum ◽  
Nilgun Koksal ◽  
Hilal Ozkan ◽  
Zeynep Yazici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean

Objective Portable X-rays remain one of the most frequently used diagnostic procedures in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Premature infants are more sensitive to radiation-induced harmful effects. Dangers from diagnostic radiation can occur with stochastic effects. We aimed to determine the radiation exposure in premature infants and staff and determine the scattering during X-ray examinations in the NICU. Study Design In this prospective study, dosimeters were placed on premature infants who were ≤1,250 g at birth and ≤30 weeks of gestational age who stayed in the NICU for at least 4 weeks. The doses were measured at each X-ray examination during their stay. The measurements of the nurses and the doctors in the NICU were also performed with dosimeters over the 1-month period. Other dosimeters were placed in certain areas outside the incubator and the results were obtained after 1 month. Results The mean radiation exposure of the 10 premature infants, monitored with dosimeters, was 3.65 ± 2.44 mGy. The mean skin dose of the six staff was 0.087 ± 0.0998 mSV. The mean scattered dose was 67.9 ± 26.5 µGy. Conclusion Relatively high exposures were observed in 90% of the patients and two staff. The radiation exposure levels of premature infants and staff may need to be monitored continuously. Key Points

Fish bone as a foreign body

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 568-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
George Joseph ◽  
Seena Kumar ◽  
Malcolm Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
The Uk

Fish bones are one of the most common foreign bodies in the upper aero-digestive tract. The use of plain X-ray in identifying fish bones has questionable value. We believe that the knowledge of the type of the fish ingested improves the diagnostic value of the neck X-rays. This study was designed to evaluate the relative radio-densities of the bones of commonly eaten fish in the UK. Twenty-three species of fish were studied and their bones were grouped into three depending upon their ratio-densities. This information is expected to be useful in identifying fish bones while reading plain radiography.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF X-RAY SIGNS OF THE DAMAGE TO BONES AND JOINTS IN THE CASE OF ITEMS OF MEDICAL CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING HEALTH HAZARDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Klevno ◽  
N. V Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Brain

The main evidence-based method of bone fractures and injuries of the surrounding tissues is the results of radiological diagnosis (conventional radiography and computed tomography), provided for forensic medical examinations on a variety of media, which is a prerequisite for faultless judgments by the expert on the nature and severity of the harm done to human health. The aim of the study was to estimate the diagnostic value of different methods of radiation diagnosis to establish the harm to health in accordance with medical criteria in the execution of forensic medical examination of living persons with injuries of bones and major joints. Research materials: data from statistical reporting of the the Bureau of forensic medical examination for the Moscow region over 2011-2016. Results: lack of clear visualization of injuries on radiographs of bones and joints, defects in X-rays images can lead to expert errors in the application of medical criteria in the determination of the severity of the injury. So, according to our data, the number of expert’s errors amounted to 18.2%. Conclusion: computed tomography allows visualize not only bone fractures, but also the condition of surrounding tissues, including bleeding in the meninges and the substance of the brain, which is a prerequisite in the detection the characteristics corresponding to medical criteria.

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