scholarly journals Muscle oxygenation maintained during repeated sprints despite inspiratory muscle loading

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón F. Rodriguez ◽  
Nathan E. Townsend ◽  
Robert J. Aughey ◽  
François Billaut
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Sixth Intercostal Space ◽  
The Difference

AbstractA high work of breathing can compromise limb oxygen delivery during sustained high-intensity exercise. However, it is unclear if the same is true for intermittent sprint exercise. This project examined the addition of an inspiratory load on locomotor muscle tissue reoxygenation during repeated-sprint exercise. Ten healthy males completed three experimental sessions of ten 10 s sprints, separated by 30 s of passive rest on a cycle ergometer. The first two sessions were “all-out’ efforts performed without (CTRL) or with inspiratory loading (INSP) in a randomised and counterbalanced order. The third experimental session (MATCH) consisted of ten 10 s work-matched intervals. Tissue saturation index (TSI) and deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb) of the vastus lateralis and sixth intercostal space was monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy. Vastus lateralis reoxygenation (ΔReoxy) was calculated as the difference from peak HHb (sprint) to nadir HHb (recovery). Total mechanical work completed was similar between INSP and CTRL (effect size: −0.18, 90% confidence limit ±0.43), and differences in vastus lateralis TSI during the sprint (−0.01, ±0.33) and recovery (−0.08, ±0.50) phases were unclear. There was also no meaningful difference in ΔReoxy (0.21, ±0.37). Intercostal HHb was higher in the INSP session compared to CTRL (0.42, ±0.34), whilst the difference was unclear for TSI (−0.01, ±0.33). During MATCH exercise, differences in vastus lateralis TSI were unclear compared to INSP for both sprint (0.10, ±0.30) and recovery (−0.09, ±0.48) phases, and there was no meaningful difference in ΔReoxy (−0.25, ±0.55). Intercostal TSI was higher during MATCH compared to INSP (0.95, ±0.53), whereas HHb was lower (−1.09, ±0.33). The lack of difference in ΔReoxy between INSP and CTRL suggests that for intermittent sprint exercise, the metabolic O2demands of both the respiratory and locomotor muscles can be met. Additionally, the similarity of the MATCH suggests that ΔReoxy was maximal in all exercise conditions.

Human respiratory muscle blood flow measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Ioannis Vogiatzis ◽  
Spyros Zakynthinos ◽  
Dimitrios Athanasopoulos ◽  
Maria Koskolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure

Measurement of respiratory muscle blood flow (RMBF) in humans has important implications for understanding patterns of blood flow distribution during exercise in healthy individuals and those with chronic disease. Previous studies examining RMBF in humans have required invasive methods on anesthetized subjects. To assess RMBF in awake subjects, we applied an indicator-dilution method using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the light-absorbing tracer indocyanine green dye (ICG). NIRS optodes were placed on the left seventh intercostal space at the apposition of the costal diaphragm and on an inactive control muscle (vastus lateralis). The primary respiratory muscles within view of the NIRS optodes include the internal and external intercostals. Intravenous bolus injection of ICG allowed for cardiac output (by the conventional dye-dilution method with arterial sampling), RMBF, and vastus lateralis blood flow to be quantified simultaneously. Esophageal and gastric pressures were also measured to calculate the work of breathing and transdiaphragmatic pressure. Measurements were obtained in five conscious humans during both resting breathing and three separate 5-min bouts of constant isocapnic hyperpnea at 27.1 ± 3.2, 56.0 ± 6.1, and 75.9 ± 5.7% of maximum minute ventilation as determined on a previous maximal exercise test. RMBF progressively increased (9.9 ± 0.6, 14.8 ± 2.7, 29.9 ± 5.8, and 50.1 ± 12.5 ml·100 ml−1·min−1, respectively) with increasing levels of ventilation while blood flow to the inactive control muscle remained constant (10.4 ± 1.4, 8.7 ± 0.7, 12.9 ± 1.7, and 12.2 ± 1.8 ml·100 ml−1·min−1, respectively). As ventilation rose, RMBF was closely and significantly correlated with 1) cardiac output ( r = 0.994, P = 0.006), 2) the work of breathing ( r = 0.995, P = 0.005), and 3) transdiaphragmatic pressure ( r = 0.998, P = 0.002). These data suggest that the NIRS-ICG technique provides a feasible and sensitive index of RMBF at different levels of ventilation in humans.

Impaired cardiac reserve and severely diminished skeletal muscle O2 utilization mediate exercise intolerance in Barth syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. H2122-H2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn T. Spencer ◽  
Barry J. Byrne ◽  
Randall M. Bryant ◽  
Renee Margossian ◽  
Melissa Maisenbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Myopathy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Barth Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
And Control

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a mitochondrial myopathy characterized by reports of exercise intolerance. We sought to determine if 1) BTHS leads to abnormalities of skeletal muscle O2 extraction/utilization and 2) exercise intolerance in BTHS is related to impaired O2 extraction/utilization, impaired cardiac function, or both. Participants with BTHS (age: 17 ± 5 yr, n = 15) and control participants (age: 13 ± 4 yr, n = 9) underwent graded exercise testing on a cycle ergometer with continuous ECG and metabolic measurements. Echocardiography was performed at rest and at peak exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the vastus lateralis muscle was continuously recorded for measurements of skeletal muscle O2 extraction. Adjusting for age, peak O2 consumption (16.5 ± 4.0 vs. 39.5 ± 12.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.001) and peak work rate (58 ± 19 vs. 166 ± 60 W, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in BTHS than control participants. The percent increase from rest to peak exercise in ejection fraction (BTHS: 3 ± 10 vs. control: 19 ± 4%, P < 0.01) was blunted in BTHS compared with control participants. The muscle tissue O2 saturation change from rest to peak exercise was paradoxically opposite (BTHS: 8 ± 16 vs. control: −5 ± 9, P < 0.01), and the deoxyhemoglobin change was blunted (BTHS: 0 ± 12 vs. control: 10 ± 8, P < 0.09) in BTHS compared with control participants, indicating impaired skeletal muscle extraction in BTHS. In conclusion, severe exercise intolerance in BTHS is due to both cardiac and skeletal muscle impairments that are consistent with cardiac and skeletal mitochondrial myopathy. These findings provide further insight to the pathophysiology of BTHS.

scholarly journals Near-infrared spiroximetry: noninvasive measurements of venous saturation in piglets and human subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Franceschini ◽  
David A. Boas ◽  
Anna Zourabian ◽  
Solomon G. Diamond ◽  
Shalini Nadgir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Noninvasive Measurements ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽  
The Difference

We present a noninvasive method to measure the venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in tissues using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This method is based on the respiration-induced oscillations of the near-infrared absorption in tissues, and we call it spiroximetry (the prefix spiro means respiration). We have tested this method in three piglets (hind leg) and in eight human subjects (vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles). In the piglet study, we compared our NIRS measurements of the SvO2(SvO2-NIRSresp) with the SvO2of blood samples. SvO2-NIRSrespand SvO2of blood samples agreed well over the whole range of SvO2considered (20–95%). The two measurements showed an average difference of 1.0% and a standard deviation of the difference of 5.8%. In the human study, we found a good agreement between SvO2-NIRSrespand the SvO2values measured with the NIRS venous occlusion method. Finally, in a preliminary test involving muscle exercise, SvO2-NIRSrespshowed an expected postexercise decrease from the initial baseline value and a subsequent recovery to baseline.

Muscle oxidative capacity and work performance after training under local leg ischemia

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kaijser ◽  
C. J. Sundberg ◽  
O. Eiken ◽  
A. Nygren ◽  
M. Esbjornsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Rubber Membrane ◽  
The Difference

Healthy young men executed supine one-legged cycle training four times per week for 4 wk with legs and the cycle ergometer inside a pressure chamber, the opening of which was sealed by a rubber membrane at the level of the crotch. Each training session started by training one leg under ischemic conditions induced by increased chamber pressure (50 mmHg) at the highest intensity tolerable for 45 min. Then the other leg was trained with the same power profile but normal atmospheric chamber pressure. Before and after the training period, both legs executed one-legged exercise tests under both normal and increased chamber pressure and muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis. Ischemic training increased performance more than normal training, the difference being greater for exercise executed under ischemic conditions. The difference in performance increase between the legs was paralleled by a greater muscle citrate synthase activity in the ischemically than in the normally trained leg.

Tissue Oxygenation in Men and Women During Repeated-Sprint Exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J. Smith ◽  
François Billaut
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Intermittent Activity

Purpose:To understand the role of O2 utilization in the sex differences of fatigue during intermittent activity, we compared the cerebral (prefrontal lobe) and muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation of men and women during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE).Methods:Ten men and 10 women matched for initial-sprint mechanical work performed ten, 10 s cycle sprints (with 30 s of rest) under normoxic (NM: 21% FIO2) and acute hypoxic (HY: 13% FIO2) conditions in a randomized single-blind and crossover design. Mechanical work was calculated and arterial O2 saturation (SpO2) was estimated via pulse oximetry during every sprint. Cerebral and muscle oxy- (O2Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb) were monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:Compared with NM, work decrement was accentuated (P = 0.01) in HY for both men (–16.4 ± 10.3%) and women (–16.8 ± 9.0%). This was associated with lower SpO2 and lower cerebral Δ[O2Hb] in both sexes (–13.6 ± 7.5%, P = .008, and –134.5 ± 73.8%, P = .003, respectively). These HY-induced changes were nearly identical in these men and women matched for initial-sprint work. Muscle Δ[HHb] increased 9-fold (P = .009) and 5-fold (P = .02) in men and women, respectively, and plateaued. This muscle deoxygenation was not exacerbated in HY.Conclusions:Results indicate that men and women matched for initial-sprint work experience similar levels of fatigue and systemic, cerebral, and peripheral adjustments during RSE performed in NM and HY. These data suggest that cerebral deoxygenation imposes a limitation to repeated-sprint performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Inter-Set Recovery Time on Explosive Power, Electromyography Activity, and Tissue Oxygenation during Plyometric Training

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Shuo Guan ◽  
Nan Lin ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Haibin Liu ◽  
Liqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Plyometric Exercise

Performing continuous sets to failure is fatiguing during the plyometric training. Cluster sets have been used to redistribute total rest time to create short frequent sets so that muscle fatigue can be avoided. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of inter-set recovery time on lower extremity explosive power, neuromuscular activity, and tissue oxygenation during plyometric exercise and recovery. An integrated assessment of explosive power, muscle electrical activity, and tissue oxygenation was adopted in the present study to help understand local muscle metabolism and fatigue during plyometric exercise and recovery. Ten university male basketball players participated in this study. Subjects performed 4 groups of exercise, each group comprised of 3 sets of jumps: 1, 2, 3, or 5 min. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were collected from 9 lower extremity muscles; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was recorded on vastus lateralis; mechanical data during plyometric exercise were collected from a force plate. No significant differences among sets and among groups were found regarding explosive power, jump height, EMG intensity, mean power frequency, the rate of tissue saturation index, and HbO2 changes between baseline and recovery. The current study has shown no muscular fatigue induced during the 4 groups of exercise. The results of this study may help inform recommendations concerning the recovery time during plyometric exercises at low loads (30% 1 RM).

Effect of endurance training on possible determinants of VO2 during heavy exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Casaburi ◽  
T. W. Storer ◽  
I. Ben-Dov ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Time Courses

When moderate exercise begins, O2 uptake (VO2) reaches a steady state within 3 min. However, with heavy exercise, VO2 continues to rise beyond 3 min (VO2 drift). We sought to identify factors contributing to VO2 drift. Ten young subjects performed cycle ergometer tests of 15 min duration for each of four constant work rates, corresponding to 90% of the anaerobic threshold (AT) and 25, 50, and 75% of the difference between maximum VO2 (VO2 max) and AT for that subject. Time courses of VO2, minute ventilation (VE), and rectal temperature were recorded. Blood lactate, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured at the end of exercise. Eight weeks of cycle ergometer endurance training improved average VO2 max by 15%. Subjects then performed four tests identical to pretraining studies. For the above AT tests, training reduced VO2 drift substantially; reduction in each of the possible mediators we measured was also demonstrated. The training-induced decrease in VO2 drift was well correlated with decreases in end exercise lactate and less well correlated with the drift in VE seen at above AT work rates. The training-induced reduction in VO2 drift was not significantly correlated with attenuation of rectal temperature rise or decrease in end-exercise level of the catecholamines. Thus the slow rise in VO2 during heavy exercise seems linked to lactate, though a component dictated by the work of breathing cannot be ruled out.

Muscle oxygenation and pulmonary gas exchange kinetics during cycling exercise on-transitions in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Grassi ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi ◽  
Susanna Rampichini ◽  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Tight Coupling

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was utilized to gain insights into the kinetics of oxidative metabolism during exercise transitions. Ten untrained young men were tested on a cycle ergometer during transitions from unloaded pedaling to 5 min of constant-load exercise below (<VT) or above (>VT) the ventilatory threshold. Vastus lateralis oxygenation was determined by NIRS, and pulmonary O2 uptake ( V̇o2) was determined breath-by-breath. Changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin + myoglobin concentration {Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)]} were taken as a muscle oxygenation index. At the transition, Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] was unmodified [time delay (TD)] for 8.9 ± 0.5 s at <VT or 6.4 ± 0.9 s at >VT (both significantly different from 0) and then increased, following a monoexponential function [time constant (τ) = 8.5 ± 0.9 s for <VT and 7.2 ± 0.7 s for >VT]. For >VT a slow component of Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] on-kinetics was observed in 9 of 10 subjects after 75.0 ± 14.0 s of exercise. A significant correlation was described between the mean response time (MRT = TD + τ) of the primary component of Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] on-kinetics and the τ of the primary component of the pulmonary V̇o2 on-kinetics. The constant muscle oxygenation during the initial phase of the on-transition indicates a tight coupling between increases in O2 delivery and O2 utilization. The lack of a drop in muscle oxygenation at the transition suggests adequacy of O2 availability in relation to needs.

scholarly journals Relationship between maximal incremental and high-intensity interval exercise performance in elite athletes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Chang ◽  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
Hsin-Chin Lin ◽  
Yin-Chou Lin ◽  
Carl P.C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the number of total bouts to limitation (Blim) in high-intensity interval testing (HIIT) differs among individuals, no matter if performed at the same relative intensity. This study aimed to explore the physiologic factors determining tolerance to effort during a HIIT. Forty-seven female participants (15-28 years old) were included: 23 athletes from Taiwan national or national reserve teams, and 24 moderately-active female. Each participant underwent maximal incremental (INC; modified-Bruce protocol) cardiopulmonary exercise testing and HIIT on treadmill, on separate days. HIIT protocol alternated a 1-min effort at 120% of the maximal speed and the same slope reached at the end of INC, with a 1-min rest, until volitional exhaustion. Gas-exchanges, and muscle oxygenation at right vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy, were continuously recorded. Additionally, bioelectrical impedance was utilized for body composition analysis. The result showed that Blim differed greatly (range: 2.6 to 12) among participants. Stepwise regression revealed that Blim was determined primarily by oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) at second-minute recovery; and, muscle tissue saturation index at peak of INC (R=0.644). Also, age and percent body fat were linearly correlated with Blim (adjusted R=−0.475, −0.371, p<0.05). Therefore, HIIT performance is determined by fast recovery of VO2 and HR, rather than maximal VO2 or muscle oxygenation recovery. Moreover, capacity to sustain a HIIT declines with age since as early as late adolescent. Further investigations on which factors should be manipulated to further improve athletes performance are warrant.

scholarly journals The effects of exercise training on muscle oxygenation of patients with intermittent claudication

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chatzinikolaou ◽  
N Cornelis ◽  
J Claes ◽  
R Buys ◽  
I Fourneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Walking Capacity

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Intermittent claudication (IC) is characterized by a cramp-like pain during walking caused by insufficient blood flow to the lower limbs during exercise. The walking impairment caused by IC can lead to a vicious cycle of physical inactivity, decreased quality of life and progression of cardiovascular risk factors. Although current evidence supports the benefits of walking training to increase walking capacity, little is known about its effect on muscle oxygenation in this population. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hybrid 12-week walking program (combined center- and home-based walking) on muscle oxygenation of IC patients. Methods. Thirty-seven patients with IC were enrolled of which 33 completed follow-up measurements (age 71 ± 9 yrs, body mass index 26 ± 4 kg/m2, ankle brachial index (ABI) 0.7 ± 0.2) after the 12-week intervention. Outcome measures were pain-free walking capacity (PFWC), maximal walking capacity (MWC) and calf muscle oxygenation, respectively evaluated using a submaximal treadmill test, a Gardner treadmill test and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results. After the 12-week intervention, significantly higher values (reported as median and interquartiles) for PFWC (162 m [122, 217] to 272 m [150, 401]; p &lt; 0.001) and MWC (458 m [260, 638] to 611 m [333, 840]; p &lt; 0.001) were observed. As shown in Table 1, NIRS data measured during the submaximal walking test showed an increased availability of oxygenated hemoglobin (p = 0.048) and decreased deoxyhemoglobin (p = 0.013), while total hemoglobin remained unchanged after the 12-week intervention. During the Gardner test, time to reach minimum tissue saturation index (TSI%) increased (p &lt; 0.001), yet no change was noted on minimum TSI during exercise, despite increased MWC. Despite a trend towards faster recovery times, no significant changes were observed after the 12-week intervention. Conclusion. Hybrid walking exercise therapy improves deoxygenation kinetics and walking capacity in IC patients. Increased availability of oxygenated hemoglobin might underly the improvement in walking capacity.

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