scholarly journals Effect of different forage-to-concentrate ratios on the structure of rumen bacteria and its relationship with nutrition levels and real-time methane production in sheep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runhang Li ◽  
Zhanwei Teng ◽  
Chaoli Lang ◽  
Haizhu Zhou ◽  
Weiguang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Concentration Ratios

AbstractEmission from ruminants has become the largest source of anthropogenic emission of methane in China. The structure of the rumen flora has a significant effect on methane production. To establish a more accurate prediction model for methane production, the rumen flora should be one of the most important parameters. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship among changes in rumen flora, nutrient levels, and methane production in sheep fed with the diets of different forage-to-concentration ratios, as well as to screen for significantly different dominant genera. Nine rumen-cannulated hybrid sheep were separated into three groups and fed three diets with forage-to-concentration ratios of 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10. Three proportions of the diets were fed according to a 3 × 3 incomplete Latin square, design during three periods of 15 d each. The ruminal fluid was collected for real-time qPCR, high-throughput sequencing andin vitrorumen fermentation in a new real-time fermentation system wit. Twenty-two genera were screened, the abundance of which varied linearly with forage-to-concentration ratios and methane production. In addition, during the 12-hourin vitrofermentation, the appearance of peak concentration was delayed by 26-27 min with the different structure of rumen bacteria. The fiber-degrading bacteria were positively correlated with this phenomenon, but starch-degrading and protein-degrading bacteria were negative correlated. These results would facilitate macro-control of rumen microorganisms and better management of diets for improved nutrition in ruminants. In addition, our findings would help in screening bacterial genera that are highly correlated with methane production.

EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL ON RATES OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION AND MICROBIAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN THE BOVINE RUMEN

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

Four rumen-fistulated cows were fed concentrate:corn silage (40: 60) diets in a 4 × 4 latin square design experiment. The diets differed in the soybean meal or soybean meal treated with 0.1, 0.3 or 0.6% (wt/wt) formaldehyde. Rumen contents were collected hourly from 0900 h to 1600 h with an additional sample at half an hour after the 1100 h feeding on 3 days in the second week of each 2-wk experimental period. The maximum ammonia concentration in rumen contents decreased with increasing levels of formaldehyde used to treat the soybean meal. From 1130 to 1200 h the rates of ammonia appearance in the rumen contents were different (P < 0.05) for all four diets. Treatment of soybean meal with between 0.1 and 0.3% (wt/wt) formaldehyde reduced its in vitro degradation by rumen protease by about 50% compared with the untreated control. The rates of in vivo ammonia appearance and in vitro proteolysis were highly correlated (r = 0.966, P < 0.01) between 1130 h and 1200 h. These rates of rumen ammonia appearance reflected the in vivo rate of proteolysis. Both bacterial and protozoal protein content decreased significantly at the higher levels of formaldehyde treatment. There was a negative correlation (r = − 0.63, P < 0.01) between protozoal and bacterial protein. Key words: Formaldehyde, soybean meal, bovine, rumen, degradation, protease

A scanning electron microscopy study of the invasion of leaflets of a bloat-safe and a bloat-causing legume by rumen microorganisms

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fay ◽  
K. -J. Cheng ◽  
M. R. Hanna ◽  
R. E. Howarth ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

A newly developed technique using ruthenium red to detect foci of bacterial digestion in mounts of whole leaflets that had been incubated with rumen bacteria was used to compare the digestion of alfalfa, a bloat-causing legume, and sainfoin, a bloat-safe legume. When whole leaflets were suspended in an artificial rumen medium and inoculated with rumen bacteria, massive bacterial adhesion and proliferation were noted at the stomata of alfalfa leaflets after 6 h of incubation, whereas only a few isolated bacteria adhered near the stomata of sainfoin leaflets. After 22 h of incubation, the epidermal layers of alfalfa leaflets had peeled away in many areas, revealing an extensive bacterial invasion of the underlying mesophyll tissue in which large bacterial microcolonies had formed in intercellular spaces, and in intracellular spaces in several areas where plant cell walls had broken down. After 22 h of incubation, the surface of sainfoin leaflets resembled that of alfalfa leaflets at 6 h, with bacterial microcolonies adhering to the area surrounding the stomata, but without sloughing of the epidermis. Uninoculated control leaflets of both species showed no surface alterations but part of their normal bacterial flora had proliferated to form microcolonies on the surface after 22 h of incubation.Dry matter loss due to leaching or bacterial digestion when whole leaflets of legumes were suspended in an artificial rumen medium, alone or with rumen bacteria, was significantly higher in the bloat-causing group. Values of leaching and of bacterial digestion were positively correlated.We conclude that reported differences in plant anatomy, and in cell wall chemistry, produce distinct rates of organic nutrient release from legume leaflets, and that these same differences produce an equally distinct susceptibility of leaflets to bacterial invasion, plant cell rupture, and the consequent release of intracellular plant components. The rate of release of organic nutrients from legume leaflets may be important in the etiology of foamy pasture bloat.This technique of in vitro digestion of whole leaflets followed by ruthenium red staining shows some promise of providing a rapid and qualitative test to distinguish, within a species, cultivars that may differ in their bloat-related characteristics.

Decreased methane production and altered fermentation in response to the addition of fumaric acid to the rumen simulation technique (rusitec)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria

Methanogenesis is the main means of disposal of hydrogen in the rumen. Its formation represents a substantial loss of energy to the animal, and it is also the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture (Moss, 1993). Inhibition of methane production by ruminants would therefore have significant econimic and environmental benefits.One possible way to decrease methane formation in the rumen is to promote alternative metabolic pathways to dispose of the reducing power, competing with methanogenesis for the hydrogen uptake. Methane production by mixed rumen bacteria was decreased for short periods in vitro when fumarate was added to the medium (Demeyer & Henderickx, 1967). Fumarate is a metabolic precursor of propionate, and it is reduced to succinate by fumarate reductase. In the present experiment longer-term effects of fumarate supplementation on methane production were investigated by the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec).

scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract of the White-Throated Woodrat (Neotoma albigula) Harbors Distinct Consortia of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Miller ◽  
Kevin D. Kohl ◽  
M. Denise Dearing
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Plant Secondary Compound ◽  
And Function ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

ABSTRACTThe microbiota inhabiting the mammalian gut is a functional organ that provides a number of services for the host. One factor that may regulate the composition and function of gut microbial communities is dietary toxins. Oxalate is a toxic plant secondary compound (PSC) produced in all major taxa of vascular plants and is consumed by a variety of animals. The mammalian herbivoreNeotoma albigulais capable of consuming and degrading large quantities of dietary oxalate. We isolated and characterized oxalate-degrading bacteria from the gut contents of wild-caught animals and used high-throughput sequencing to determine the distribution of potential oxalate-degrading taxa along the gastrointestinal tract. Isolates spanned three genera:Lactobacillus,Clostridium, andEnterococcus. Over half of the isolates exhibited significant oxalate degradationin vitro, and allLactobacillusisolates contained theoxcgene, one of the genes responsible for oxalate degradation. Although diverse potential oxalate-degrading genera were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they were most concentrated in the foregut, where dietary oxalate first enters the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesize that unique environmental conditions present in each gut region provide diverse niches that select for particular functional taxa and communities.

scholarly journals Methane production from glucose in vitro by mixed rumen bacteria

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Demeyer ◽  
H. K. Henderickx
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Production Rate

1. Methane was produced in vitro by incubating cell suspensions of rumen bacteria with glucose, under nitrogen. The amount of methane produced varied considerably and was lowered by high glucose concentrations. Carbon dioxide, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid were also produced. An oxidation–reduction balance of near unity could be calculated, although carbon recovery was low. Under the experimental conditions, rumen bacteria used most of the metabolic hydrogen produced during the oxidation of glucose to form lactic acid. 2. Lower methane production at high glucose concentrations was balanced by higher lactic acid production. Low pH values due to a high production rate of lactic acid might explain the inhibition of methane production. 3. No lactic acid, less methane, but considerably more propionic acid were formed when nitrogen was replaced by carbon dioxide in the incubation system.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Wheat Hay and Silage in Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics and Microbiota Using In Vitro Rumen Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8456
Author(s):  
Wenjing Niu ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Qinghua Qiu ◽  
Taoqi Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Dough Stage

This study determined the effects of wheat stage, preservation treatment, and harvest time on the fermentation characteristics, methane production, and bacterial diversity. In this study, processing wheat into hay can reduce methane production. The MWS7 (wheat harvested at 7:00 in milk stage and preserved as silage) group had a significantly lower CO2 compared with the DWS15 (wheat harvested at 15:00 in dough stage and preserved as silage) group. Neutral detergent fiber degradation in the hay treatment harvesting at 7:00 was significantly higher than that in other treatments. The butyrate proportion in the DWH7 (wheat harvested at 7:00 in dough stage and preserved as hay) group was higher than that in the MWS7 group. Results from high-throughput sequencing showed that there were differences in the relative abundance of some minor rumen microbiota among the treatments. The MWS7 group had greater microbial diversity and the MWH7 group (wheat harvested at 7:00 in milk stage and preserved as hay) had higher species richness. In addition, the MWH7 group had a lower Methanobrevibacter abundance and methane production. Overall, the MWH7 group may have advantages of rumen fermentation and reduce methane production.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of a Rumen Lactobacillus Bacteria and Its Degradation Potential of Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal during Solid-State Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Wei-Kang Wang ◽  
Wen-Juan Li ◽  
Qi-Chao Wu ◽  
Yan-Lu Wang ◽  
Sheng-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Cottonseed meal (CSM) is an important protein feed source for dairy cows. Its inclusion in ruminant diets is limited due to the presence of the highly toxic gossypol though rumen microorganisms are believed to be capable of gossypol degrading and transforming. The objective of the present study was to isolate the gossypol-degrading bacteria from the rumen contents and to assess its potential for gossypol degradation in vitro. A strain named Lactobacillus agilis WWK129 was anaerobically isolated from dairy cows after mixed rumen microorganisms were grown on a substrate with gossypol as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the strain was applied at 5% inoculum concentration in vitro to continuously ferment CSM at 39 °C for five days, and it presented gossypol degradability as high as 83%. Meanwhile, the CSM contents of crude protein, essential amino acids increased significantly along with the increase of lactic acid yield (p < 0.01). Compared with the original CSM, the fermented CSM contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was remarkably decreased after the anaerobic fermentation (p < 0.01). In brief, the Lactobacillus strain isolated from the rumen is not only of great importance for gossypol biodegradation of CSM, but it could also be used to further explore the role of rumen microorganisms in gossypol degradation by the ruminants.

Metabolism of inorganic selenium in rumen bacteria

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
D. P. Heaney ◽  
K. J. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Inorganic Selenium

In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that rumen bacteria were capable of metabolizing inorganic 75Se and incorporating the element into the microbial protein. The fixation of 75Se into bacteria in vitro was inversely proportional to the previous dietary intake of selenium by the host sheep. In sheep fed a purified diet low in selenium and vitamin E, selenium supplementation caused a marked alteration of the rumen microorganisms. Characterization of the 75Se-containing compounds in the rumen bacteria protein hydrolysates revealed the presence of 75Se-selenomethionine and 75Se-selenomethionine selenoxide.

scholarly journals PSI-24 Relationship between passage rate and in vitro methane production from rumen and fecal contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
Corina Nunez ◽  
Sara M Tondini ◽  
Thomas G Jennings ◽  
Justin W Rickard ◽  
Angela R Green-Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract The objective was to evaluate treatments designed to increase passage rate on the in vitro methanogenic potential of rumen and fecal contents. Eight ruminal-cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with data collected from the latter three 24 d periods. All steers were fed an ad libitum diet of grass hay (10.4% CP) with the following treatments designed to increase passage rate: negative control (CON), pelleted (PEL), 7% Ca(OH)2 treated (CAOH), and four 6 kg weights added to the rumen (WTS). Molasses (3% of diet DM) was added to all treatments to improve diet palatability. On d 22 of each period, fecal and rumen samples for in vitro procedure were collected 0 and 2 hr after feeding, respectively. Rumen (10 g) and fecal (20 g) samples were added to 100 ml Wheaton vials with buffer solution at 1:5 and 1:2 ratio, respectively. Vials were incubated at 39°C, and samples were collected at 6 and 24 hr to determine gas production. Methane was analyzed using gas chromatography. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In vitro methane production rate from rumen samples tended (P = 0.09) to be affected by treatment with the greatest rate observed for CON (11.7 mM per g DM per h) and the least for PEL (6.3 mM per g DM per h). Rate of fecal methane production in vitro was not affected (P = 0.48) by treatment with means ranging from 0.79 to 2.3 mM per g DM per h. Predicted daily methane production from fecal dry matter excretion was also not affected (P = 0.98) by treatment. Treatments designed to increase passage rate may affect the methanogenic potential of archaea in ruminal contents but not in feces.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document