scholarly journals Chemical degumming increases larvae size and facilitates the commercial production of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Pooley ◽  
Mia Berwick ◽  
Carlos Garcia de Leaniz
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cyclopterus Lumpus ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractMany fishes produce adhesive eggs that confer protection from currents and predators in the wild, but that are more difficult to disinfect and aerate under aquaculture conditions. Removing egg adhesiveness (‘degumming’) has proved beneficial in the culture of many fish, and a recent gap analysis identified this as a potential way of increasing hatching success and minimize the risk of infectious diseases in the culture of lumpfish (Cyclopteurs lumpus), a novel species to aquaculture. We tested the efficacy of the enzyme alcalase (0.02%, 0.2%, 2%) as a degumming agent for lumpfish eggs, and examined its effects on hatching success, survival, and larvae size under laboratory and commercial conditions. A five-minute exposure to 0.2% and 2% alcalase decreased chorion thickness by 14% and resulted in 61-75% degumming rates, without any negative effects on hatching rate, larval survival, or incidence of embryo malformations. Degummed eggs hatched earlier than controls and resulted in larger larvae, which may confer some benefits under aquaculture conditions. A cost-benefit analysis indicates that the benefits of egg degumming compensate the costs of chemical treatment under most conditions, and that the optimal alcalase concentration is around 0.2%. We therefore recommend egg degumming as a way of making the lumpfish industry more efficient and sustainable.Statement of relevanceImproving the commercial production of lumpfish

scholarly journals A cost-benefit analysis of using Rooikrans as biomass feedstock for electricity generation: A case study of the De Hoop nature reserve, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shepherd Mudavanhu ◽  
James Blignaut ◽  
Nonophile Nkambule ◽  
Tshepo Morokong ◽  
Thulile Vundla
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Case Scenario

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) like Rooikrans (Acacia Cyclops) have several undesirable effects on both the natural environment and the social, economic and cultural wellness of society in the De Hoop nature reserve of the Western Cape Province. A few of these negative effects are: the change in coastal sediment dynamics, the change in seed dispersal dynamics, and the fact that it is overtaking native plants. However, Rooikrans can also potentially be used as biomass feedstock for electricity generation. Following a system dynamics modelling approach, the feasibility of using woody biomass from Rooikrans was investigated. The RE-model used data obtained from the Department of Environmental Affairs’ (DEA) Natural Resource Management (NRM) division, consulted with experts and conducted literature reviews with respect to the subject matter. Three scenarios were tested and the RE-model results showed that all scenarios have a positive cumulative Net Present Values (NPVs), with the exception of the baseline case scenario. This study shows that the production of electricity using Rooikrans woody biomass is a viable and feasible option in comparison with electricity production by diesel generators.

WELFARE-REDUCING GROWTH AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: ESSAY IN MEMORY OF E.J. MISHAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640013 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW-KWANG NG
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
The One

Mishan’s emphasis on the costs of economic growth half a century ago is becoming more important in this era of environmental concerns. More recently, another possible source of immiserizing growth is the one-child policy (recently relaxed) of China. This resulted in a biased sex-ratio and higher competition to earn incomes (to increase the probability of getting a wife), resulting in positive effects on GDP but negative effects on welfare. The implications of welfare-reducing growth for cost-benefit analysis and the legalization of prostitution are also discussed.

scholarly journals A National Strategy Proposal for Improved Cooking Stove Adoption in Honduras: Energy Consumption and Cost-Benefit Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo C. Flores ◽  
Benjamin Bustamante ◽  
Hugo Noé Pino ◽  
Ameena Saad Al-Sumaiti ◽  
Sergio Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Gradual Introduction

The high consumption of firewood in Honduras requires the search for alternatives that reduce its negative effects on health, economy, and the environment. One of these alternatives has been the promotion of improved cooking stoves, which achieve a large reduction in firewood consumption. This paper shows a cost-benefit analysis for an improved cooking stove adoption strategy for Honduras. The methodology uses the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System, LEAP, a tool globally used in the analysis and formulation of energy policies and strategies. The energy model considers the demand for firewood as well as the gradual introduction of improved cooking stoves, according to premises of a National Strategy. Hence, it is demonstrated that the costs of implementing this adoption strategy are lower than the costs of not implementing it, taking into consideration various scenarios up to and including the year 2030.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice: Adaptation of SALIBU to triple-cropping in Vietnam

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Van Thao Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and enables the perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method in Indonesia, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L 16 orthogonal array design pot experiment in triple-cropping rice in Vietnam. The robustness was checked by duplicating the experiment under standard and poor conditions. Results and Discussion: Positive large effects were shown in the poor conditions only.  Cutting twice most affected the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, the effect was positive under poor conditions but negative under standard conditions. Late irrigation had a robust negative effect. No treatment is effective in the triple-cropping of standard conditions. The SALIBU includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The unstable effects show the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Conclusions: No additional practice is effective for changing the triple-cropping to perennial ratoon cropping except harvesting near the ground. However, further work will be conducted to clarify the interaction between cutting twice and the cultivation condition.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis research: a model to bridge fundamental science, translational products, and socio-economic considerations in agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 2281-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kohli ◽  
Berta Miro ◽  
Jean Balié ◽  
Jacqueline d’A Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Product Acceptability ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Abstract Despite impressive success in molecular physiological understanding of photosynthesis, and preliminary evidence on its potential for quantum shifts in agricultural productivity, the question remains of whether increased photosynthesis, without parallel fine-tuning of the associated processes, is enough. There is a distinct lack of formal socio-economic impact studies that address the critical questions of product profiling, cost–benefit analysis, environmental trade-offs, and technological and market forces in product acceptability. When a relatively well understood process gains enough traction for translational value, its broader scientific and technical gap assessment, in conjunction with its socio-economic impact assessment for success, should be a prerequisite. The successes in the upstream basic understanding of photosynthesis should be integrated with a gap analysis for downstream translational applications to impact the farmers’ and customers’ lifestyles and livelihoods. The purpose of this review is to assess how the laboratory, the field, and the societal demands from photosynthesis could generate a transformative product. Two crucial recommendations from the analysis of the state of knowledge and potential ways forward are (i) the formulation of integrative mega-projects, which span the multistakeholder spectrum, to ensure rapid success in harnessing the transformative power of photosynthesis; and (ii) stipulating spatiotemporal, labour, and economic criteria to stage-gate deliverables.

scholarly journals A National Strategy Proposal for Improved Cooking Stove Adoption in Honduras: Energy Consumption and Cost-Benefit Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo C. Flores ◽  
Benjamin Bustamante ◽  
Hugo N. Pino ◽  
Ameena Al-Sumaiti ◽  
Sergio Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Planning System ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Gradual Introduction

The high consumption of firewood in Honduras necessitates the search for alternatives with less-negative effects on health, the economy, and the environment. One of these alternatives has been the promotion of improved cooking stoves, which achieve a large reduction in firewood consumption. This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis for an improved cooking stove adoption strategy for Honduras. The methodology uses the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System, LEAP, a tool used globally in the analysis and formulation of energy policies and strategies. The energy model considers the demand for firewood as well as the gradual introduction of improved cooking stoves, according to the premises of a National Strategy for improved cooking stoves adoption in Honduras. Hence, it is demonstrated that the costs of implementing this adoption strategy are lower than the costs of not implementing it, taking into consideration representative scenarios up to and including the year 2030.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice: Adaptation of SALIBU to triple-cropping in Vietnam

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Van Thao Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and enables the perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method in Indonesia, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L 16 orthogonal array design pot experiment in triple-cropping rice in Vietnam. The robustness was checked by duplicating the experiment under standard and poor conditions. Results: Positive large effects were shown in the poor conditions only.  Cutting twice most affected the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, the effect was positive under poor conditions but negative under standard conditions. Late irrigation had a robust negative effect. Discussion: No treatment is effective in the triple-cropping of standard conditions. The SALIBU includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The unstable effects show the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Conclusions: No additional practice is effective for changing the triple-cropping to perennial ratoon cropping except harvesting near the ground. However, further work will be conducted to clarify the interaction between cutting twice and the cultivation condition.

Feasibility Study for Investment Fixed Asset Information System (Case Study at Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-972
Author(s):  
Cecilia Sabrina ◽  
Anderes Gui ◽  
Henny Hendarti ◽  
. Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Current System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Balance Score Card ◽  
Score Card ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Fixed Assets

The specific objective of this study was to conduct a feasibility study of information technology investment management of fixed assets. Collecting data using interview, documentation study and, questionnaire. To analysis using fit gap analysis, cost benefit analysis and information technology balance score card. The results shows very high gap in operational aspect, positive NPV and payback period on target management in financial aspect, and most users not satisfied with the current system in intangible aspect. Conclusion of this study is that there is a gap in the system of fixed assets that are still running that required significant changes to the system.

scholarly journals Batesian mimicry has evolved with deleterious effects of the pleiotropic gene doublesex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Komata ◽  
Tasuku Kitamura ◽  
Haruhiko Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Swallowtail Butterfly ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Pleiotropic Gene ◽  
Papilio Polytes

AbstractDimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes is regulated by the supergene locus H, harbouring the mimetic (H) and non-mimetic (h) doublesex (dsx) gene. In the present study, we demonstrated that dsx-H negatively affects the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, larval survival rate, and adult lifespan. When crossed with hh males, the number of eggs laid of mimetic females (genotype HH) was lower than that of non-mimetic females (hh). Moreover, hh and Hh females laid fewer eggs when crossed with HH males. The hatching and larval survival rates were lower when both female and male parents harboured dsx-H. The adult lifespan of HH females was shorter than that of hh females, while it was similar in males regardless of the genotype. These findings suggest the presence of a cost–benefit balance of Batesian mimicry, which is evolved to avoid predation but is accompanied by physiological deficits, in this species.

The effects of sunfish on spotted salamander oviposition, hatching time, and larval survival

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Davenport ◽  
Maria E. Hampson ◽  
Alexis B. King ◽  
Stephanie C. Bishir
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fish Introductions ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

Introduced species have negative effects on amphibian populations by reducing local recruitment and consuming larvae before metamorphosis. Fish can naturally colonize ponds periodically because of flooding and connectivity with river floodplains. However, many fish introductions have been intentional for commercial, recreational, and biocontrol purposes. In southeast Missouri (USA), Ambystoma maculatum will attempt to breed in ponds even if introduced fish (Lepomis spp.) are present. We predicted that fish would have negative effects on salamander oviposition, hatching success and timing, and larval survival. In order to evaluate the effects of introduced fish on A. maculatum across life stages, we conducted pond surveys and a series of mesocosm experiments. Using field surveys, A. maculatum deposited significantly fewer eggs in ponds with fish. In short-term mesocosm experiments, we found that hatching time was not significantly affected by deposition site or fish cues, however, hatching success was lower for eggs deposited in fish ponds. No A. maculatum larvae survived when fish were present, regardless of egg deposition site. Our study is important because we found that, unless a female avoids depositing eggs with fish, one fish species can have profound effects on larval amphibian persistence. Therefore, small-scale fish introductions for recreation can act as a potential source for reduced recruitment and an increased risk of local extinction.

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