scholarly journals Atypical developmental features of cortical thickness trajectories in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonay S Nunes ◽  
Vasily A Vakorin ◽  
Nataliia Kozhemiako ◽  
Nicholas Peatfield ◽  
Urs Ribary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have reported numerous region-specific atypicalities in the brains of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including alterations in cortical thickness (CT). However, there are many inconsistent findings, and this is probably due to atypical CT developmental trajectories in ASD. To this end, we investigated group differences in terms of shapes of developmental trajectories of CT between ASD and typically developing (TD) populations.Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) repository (releases I and II combined), we investigated atypical shapes of developmental trajectories in ASD using a linear, quadratic and cubic models at various scales of spatial coarseness, and their association with symptomatology using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores. These parameters were also used to predict ASD and TD CT development.While no overall group differences in CT was observed across the entire age range, ASD and TD populations were different in terms of age-related changes. Developmental trajectories of CT in ASD were mostly characterized by decreased cortical thinning during early adolescence and increased thinning at later stages, involving mostly frontal and parietal areas. Such changes were associated with ADOS scores. The curvature of the trajectories estimated from the quadratic model was the most accurate and sensitive measure for detecting ASD. Our findings suggest that under the context of longitudinal changes in brain morphology, robust detection of ASD would require three time points to estimate the curvature of age-related changes.

scholarly journals Atypical age-related changes in cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonay S. Nunes ◽  
Vasily A. Vakorin ◽  
Nataliia Kozhemiako ◽  
Nicholas Peatfield ◽  
Urs Ribary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Anatomy of Language Regions in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey A. Knaus ◽  
Andrew M. Silver ◽  
Kelli C. Dominick ◽  
Melanee D. Schuring ◽  
Nancy Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Alterations in Local Connectivity and Their Developmental Trajectories in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Does Being Female Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 5166-5179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kozhemiako ◽  
Adonay S Nunes ◽  
Vasily Vakorin ◽  
Grace Iarocci ◽  
Urs Ribary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Local Connectivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Female Protective Effect ◽  
Effect Hypothesis

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more often in males with a ratio of 1:4 females/males. This bias is even stronger in neuroimaging studies. There is a growing evidence suggesting that local connectivity and its developmental trajectory is altered in ASD. Here, we aim to investigate how local connectivity and its age-related trajectories vary with ASD in both males and females. We used resting-state fMRI data from the ABIDE I and II repository: males (n = 102) and females (n = 92) with ASD, and typically developing males (n = 104) and females (n = 92) aged between 6 and 26. Local connectivity was quantified as regional homogeneity. We found increases in local connectivity in participants with ASD in the somatomotor and limbic networks and decreased local connectivity within the default mode network. These alterations were more pronounced in females with ASD. In addition, the association between local connectivity and ASD symptoms was more robust in females. Females with ASD had the most distinct developmental trajectories of local connectivity compared with other groups. Overall, our findings of more pronounced local connectivity alterations in females with ASD could indicate a greater etiological load for an ASD diagnosis in this group congruent with the female protective effect hypothesis.

scholarly journals Early differences in auditory processing relate to Autism Spectrum Disorder traits in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type I

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannath Begum-Ali ◽  
◽  
Anna Kolesnik-Taylor ◽  
Isabel Quiroz ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sensory Reactivity ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Sensory modulation difficulties are common in children with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and could contribute to other social and non-social symptoms. Positing a causal role for sensory processing differences requires observing atypical sensory reactivity prior to the emergence of other symptoms, which can be achieved through prospective studies. Methods In this longitudinal study, we examined auditory repetition suppression and change detection at 5 and 10 months in infants with and without Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), a condition associated with higher likelihood of developing ASD. Results In typically developing infants, suppression to vowel repetition and enhanced responses to vowel/pitch change decreased with age over posterior regions, becoming more frontally specific; age-related change was diminished in the NF1 group. Whilst both groups detected changes in vowel and pitch, the NF1 group were largely slower to show a differentiated neural response. Auditory responses did not relate to later language, but were related to later ASD traits. Conclusions These findings represent the first demonstration of atypical brain responses to sounds in infants with NF1 and suggest they may relate to the likelihood of later ASD.

scholarly journals Intact context memory performance in adults with autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidni A. Justus ◽  
Patrick S. Powell ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractResearch on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction (e.g., selective attention, cognitive flexibility) and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Findings from our lab suggest that age-related impairments in selective attention contribute to those in context memory accuracy and older adults tended to show dependence in context memory accuracy between relevant and irrelevant context details (i.e., hyper-binding). Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in a sample of 23 adults with ASD and 23 typically developed adults. Participants studied grayscale objects flanked by two types of contexts (color, scene) on opposing sides and were told to attend to only one object-context relationship, ignoring the other context. At test, participants made object and context recognition decisions and judgment of confidence decisions allowing for an evaluation of context memory performance, hyper-binding, and metacognitive performance for context judgments in a single task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. These findings suggest that context memory performance is not always disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high. We discuss the need for continued research to evaluate episodic memory in a wider variety of adults with ASD.

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