scholarly journals Blood cells of adult Drosophila do not expand, but control survival after bacterial infection by induction of Drosocin around their reservoir at the respiratory epithelia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sanchez Bosch ◽  
Kalpana Makhijani ◽  
Leire Herboso ◽  
Katrina S Gold ◽  
Rowan Baginsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Respiratory Epithelia ◽  
Vertebrate Tissue ◽  
Peptide Gene ◽  
Control Survival ◽  
Adult Drosophila

SummaryDrosophila melanogaster has been an excellent model for innate immunity, but the role and regulation of adult blood cells and organismal immunity have remained incompletely understood. Here we address these questions in a comprehensive investigation of the blood cell system in adult Drosophila. As a central finding, we reveal the largest reservoir of blood cells (hemocytes) at the respiratory epithelia (tracheal air sacs) and fat body of the thorax and head. We show that most hemocytes of adult Drosophila are phagocytic macrophages (plasmatocytes), derived by more than 60% from the embryonic lineage that parallels vertebrate tissue macrophages. Surprisingly, in contrast to hemocytes at the larval stage, we find no capacity of the adult blood cell system to expand. Instead, we demonstrate its central role in relaying an innate immune response to tissues surrounding the blood cell reservoir: Hemocytes, through Imd signaling and the Jak/Stat pathway ligand Upd3, act as sentinels of bacterial infection that induce expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene Drosocin in the respiratory epithelia and colocalizing domains of the fat body. We demonstrate that endogenous Drosocin expression in these tissues promotes animal survival after bacterial infection. Our work identifies the first molecular step in a new relay of organismal immunity, establishing adult Drosophila as model to dissect mechanisms of inter-organ immunity.

scholarly journals Drosophila Immunity: Genes on the Third Chromosome Required for the Response to Bacterial Infection

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa P Wu ◽  
Kwang-Min Choe ◽  
Yiran Lu ◽  
Kathryn V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Peptide Gene ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract We have screened the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster for mutations that prevent the normal immune response. We identified mutant lines on the basis of their failure to induce transcription of an antibacterial peptide gene in response to infection or their failure to form melanized clots at the site of wounding. These mutations define 14 genes [immune response deficient (ird) genes] that have distinct roles in the immune response. We have identified the molecular basis of several ird phenotypes. Two genes, scribble and kurtz/modulo, affect the cellular organization of the fat body, the tissue responsible for antimicrobial peptide production. Two ird genes encode components of the signaling pathways that mediate responses to bacterial infection, a Drosophila gene encoding a homolog of IκB kinase (DmIkkβ) and Relish, a Rel-family transcription factor. These genetic studies should provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the genetic control of immune responses in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Impact of vigorous effort on blood morphological indicators in triathletes participating in the XTERRA Poland 2017 competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Aneta Teległów ◽  
Renata Borowiec ◽  
Jakub Marchewka ◽  
Łukasz Tota ◽  
Dariusz Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Blood Morphology ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Large Meal

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of participation in the XTERRA Poland 2017 triathlon on blood morphology indicators. Material and methods: The study was performed in a group among 10 triathletes aged 30-40 years. Blood was collected 24 hours before, immediately after , and 16 hours after the competition. Blood morphological indicators were evaluated using the ABXMicros60 analyser. Results: Comparison of the results among the first (24 hours before the competition), second (immediately after the competition), and third assessment (16 hours after the competition) revealed statistically significant changes for WBC [109/l], RBC [1012/l], HGB [g/l], HCT [l/l], MCV [fl] and PLT [109/l]. Conclusions: The intensity of effort in the XTERRA Poland 2017 triathlon competitors was confirmed in the results of blood morphology. Blood counts in those practicing triathlon well characterise the actual scope and direction of exercise changes and allow for the diagnosis of transient adaptive effects. The results of the research confirmed that vigorous physical effort during the triathlon increased leukocyte and platelet counts, but 16 hours after completing the competition, their value was close to baseline level. Most likely, this phenomenon was caused by the intense effort, stress or even eating a large meal before the competition. Analysing the red blood cell system showed a tendency towards decrease in the number of red blood cells, HGB and HCT both after the competition and 16 hours after its completion, which results from increased post-exercise haemolysis or the risk of anaemia.

scholarly journals Adult Drosophila Lack Hematopoiesis but Rely on a Blood Cell Reservoir at the Respiratory Epithelia to Relay Infection Signals to Surrounding Tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-803.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sanchez Bosch ◽  
Kalpana Makhijani ◽  
Leire Herboso ◽  
Katrina S. Gold ◽  
Rowan Baginsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Respiratory Epithelia ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Blood Cell Parameters and Predicting Coronary In-Stent Restenosis

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Hong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
In Stent Restenosis

Major advances in coronary interventional techniques and pharmacotherapy as well as the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) have considerably reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, ISR remains a major clinical challenge. Inflammation and platelet activation are important processes that underlie the pathophysiology of ISR. Parameters related to blood cells, entailing both cell count and morphology, are useful markers of the inflammatory response and platelet activation in clinical practice. Recent studies have highlighted several new combined or derived parameters related to blood cells that independently predict ISR after DES implantation. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an inflammatory marker, is regarded as a predictor of the risk of ISR and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The mean platelet volume, a widely used platelet activation parameter, has been shown to be a predictor of the risk of ISR and the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. Other markers considered include the platelet/lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and platelet distribution width. This review provides an overview of these parameters that may help stratify the risk of coronary angiographic and clinical outcomes related to ISR.

Real-time Red Blood Cell Counting and Osmolarity Analysis using a Photoacoustic-based Microfluidic System

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhao ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Yangdong Wen ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Boliang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
System P ◽  
Blood Cell Counting

Counting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood samples is a common clinical diagnostic procedure, but conventional methods are unable to provide the size and other physical properties...

scholarly journals White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

Microfluidic electrical impedance assessment of red blood cell mediated microvascular occlusion

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncheng Man ◽  
Debnath Maji ◽  
Ran An ◽  
Sanjay Ahuja ◽  
Jane A Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Disorders

Alterations in the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs), occurring in hemolytic blood disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD), contributes to vaso-occlusion and disease pathophysiology. However, there are few...

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