scholarly journals Positive genetic associations among fitness traits support evolvability of a reef-building coral under multiple stressors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Wright ◽  
Hanaka Mera ◽  
Carly D. Kenkel ◽  
Maria Nayfa ◽  
Line K. Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Fitness Traits

AbstractClimate change threatens organisms in a variety of interactive ways that requires simultaneous adaptation of multiple traits. Predicting evolutionary responses requires an understanding of the potential for synergistic interactions among stressors and the genetic variance and covariance among fitness-related traits that may reinforce or constrain an adaptive response. Here we investigate the capacity of Acropora millepora, a reef-building coral, to adapt to multiple environmental stressors: rising sea surface temperature, ocean acidification, and increased prevalence of infectious diseases. We measured growth rates (weight gain), coral color (a proxy for Symbiodiniaceae density), and survival, in addition to nine physiological indicators of coral and algal health in 40 coral genets exposed to each of these three stressors singly and combined. Individual stressors resulted in predicted responses (e.g., corals developed lesions after bacterial challenge and bleached under thermal stress). However, corals did not suffer substantially more when all three stressors were combined. Nor were tradeoffs observed between tolerances to different stressors; instead, individuals performing well under one stressor also tended to perform well under every other stressor. An analysis of genetic correlations between traits revealed positive co-variances, suggesting that selection to multiple stressors will reinforce rather than constrain the simultaneous evolution of traits related to holobiont health (e.g., weight gain and algal density). These findings support the potential for rapid coral adaptation under climate change and emphasize the importance of accounting for corals’ adaptive capacity when predicting the future of coral reefs.

scholarly journals Positive genetic associations among fitness traits support evolvability of a reef‐building coral under multiple stressors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 3294-3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Wright ◽  
Hanaka Mera ◽  
Carly D. Kenkel ◽  
Maria Nayfa ◽  
Line K. Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Fitness Traits

Genetic associations between maturity rate and functional traits in Swiss Holsteins

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Y. de Haas ◽  
H.N. Kadarmideen ◽  
S. Wegmann ◽  
T. Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Production Increase

Adulthood of a dairy cow is reached when she is about 60 months old, but cows first calve at a much younger age. Therefore, most heifers are still growing during their first lactation and part of the energy and protein intake will be assigned to this purpose. As the cow grows closer to mature body weight and is able to use more energy and protein for the milk production, milk production will increase from 1st to 2nd to 3rd lactation, but the amount of increase differs among cows. A gradual production increase is believed to be found in trouble-free cows (i.e. cows with good fertility and high disease resistance), and is a measure of the maturity rate (MR), where maturity is defined as reaching mature body weight. Genetic variance for this production increase exists (Krogmeier et al., 2003). The aim of this study was to define MR in a way that enables selection, and to estimate genetic correlations with functional traits.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental architecture of conscientiousness in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Anqing Zheng ◽  
Shinji Yamagata ◽  
Juko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Per Se

AbstractUsing a genetically informative design (about 2000 twin pairs), we investigated the phenotypic and genetic and environmental architecture of a broad construct of conscientiousness (including conscientiousness per se, effortful control, self-control, and grit). These four different measures were substantially correlated; the coefficients ranged from 0.74 (0.72–0.76) to 0.79 (0.76–0.80). Univariate genetic analyses revealed that individual differences in conscientiousness measures were moderately attributable to additive genetic factors, to an extent ranging from 62 (58–65) to 64% (61–67%); we obtained no evidence that shared environmental influences were observed. Multivariate genetic analyses showed that for the four measures used to assess conscientiousness, genetic correlations were stronger than the corresponding non-shared environmental correlations, and that a latent common factor accounted for over 84% of the genetic variance. Our findings suggest that individual differences in the four measures of conscientiousness are not distinguishable at both the phenotypic and behavioural genetic levels, and that the overlap was substantially attributable to genetic factors.

scholarly journals Penalized partial least squares for pleiotropy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Broc ◽  
Therese Truong ◽  
Benoit Liquet
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Application Fields

Abstract Background The increasing number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has revealed several loci that are associated to multiple distinct phenotypes, suggesting the existence of pleiotropic effects. Highlighting these cross-phenotype genetic associations could help to identify and understand common biological mechanisms underlying some diseases. Common approaches test the association between genetic variants and multiple traits at the SNP level. In this paper, we propose a novel gene- and a pathway-level approach in the case where several independent GWAS on independent traits are available. The method is based on a generalization of the sparse group Partial Least Squares (sgPLS) to take into account groups of variables, and a Lasso penalization that links all independent data sets. This method, called joint-sgPLS, is able to convincingly detect signal at the variable level and at the group level. Results Our method has the advantage to propose a global readable model while coping with the architecture of data. It can outperform traditional methods and provides a wider insight in terms of a priori information. We compared the performance of the proposed method to other benchmark methods on simulated data and gave an example of application on real data with the aim to highlight common susceptibility variants to breast and thyroid cancers. Conclusion The joint-sgPLS shows interesting properties for detecting a signal. As an extension of the PLS, the method is suited for data with a large number of variables. The choice of Lasso penalization copes with architectures of groups of variables and observations sets. Furthermore, although the method has been applied to a genetic study, its formulation is adapted to any data with high number of variables and an exposed a priori architecture in other application fields.

Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen O’Brien ◽  
Robin Leichenko ◽  
Ulka Kelkar ◽  
Henry Venema ◽  
Guro Aandahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Mapping Vulnerability

A Proteome-Wide Association Study Identified Candidate Human Brain Proteins Associated with Coffee Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun'e Li ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Yumeng Jia ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Huijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Brain Proteins ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Brain Proteome

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests the association between caffeine and the brain and nervous system. However, there is limited research on the genetic associations between coffee consumption subtypes and brain proteome, plasma proteomes, and peripheral metabolites. Methods First, proteome-wide association study (PWAS) of coffee consumption subtypes was performed by integrating two independent genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets (91,462–502,650 subjects) with two reference human brain proteomes (ROS/MAP and Banner), by using the FUSION pipeline. Second, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis of coffee consumption subtypes was conducted by integrating the two gene expression weight references (RNAseq and splicing) of brain RNA-seq and the two GWAS datasets (91,462–502,650 subjects) of coffee consumption subtypes. Finally, we used the LD Score Regression (LDSC) analysis to evaluate the genetic correlations of coffee consumption subtypes with plasma proteomes and peripheral metabolites. Results For the traits related to coffee consumption, we identified 3 common PWAS proteins, such as MADD (P PWAS−Banner−dis=0.0114, P PWAS−ROS/MAP−rep =0.0489). In addition, 11 common TWAS genes were found in two cohorts, such as ARPC2 (P TWAS−splicing−dis =2063×10− 12, P TWAS−splicing−dis =1.25×10− 10, P TWAS−splicing−dis =1.24e-08, P TWAS−splicing−rep =3.25×10− 9 and P TWAS−splicing−rep =3.42×10− 13). Importantly, we have identified 8 common genes between PWAS and TWAS, such as ALDH2 (P PWAS−banner−rep =1.22×10− 22, PTWAS− splicing−dis = 4.54×10− 92). For the LDSC analysis of human plasma proteome, we identified 11 plasma proteins, such as CHL1 (P dis = 0.0151, P rep =0.0438). For the LDSC analysis of blood metabolites, 5 metabolites have been found, such as myo-inositol (P dis = 0.0073, P dis = 0.0152, P dis =0.0414, P rep =0.0216). Conclusions We identified several brain proteins and genes associated with coffee consumption subtypes. In addition, we also detected several candidate plasma proteins and metabolites related to these subtypes.

Quantitative study of genetic gain for growth, carcass, and morphological traits of Nelore cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Daniel Duarte da Silveira ◽  
Lucas De Vargas ◽  
Rodrigo Junqueira Pereira ◽  
Gabriel Soares Campos ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Genetic Trends

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability, genetic and phenotypic associations, and genetic gains of birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling (YW) weights, loin muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), scores of body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FS), and muscling (MS) in Nelore cattle. Genetic parameters were obtained through Bayesian inference using BLUPF90 programs. All studied traits showed genetic variability, with heritability ranging from 0.29 to 0.47. In all studied ages, weights presented positive genetic correlations with LMA (ranging from 0.13 to 0.53), being generally stronger in comparison with the other carcass traits analyzed (BF and RF). Similarly, weights were higher genetic associated with BS (0.47–0.92) than with FS (0.18–0.62) and MS (0.22–0.65), respectively. The BF and RF showed positive and moderate genetic associations with FS and MS (0.31–0.36). Genetic trends were significant (P < 0.05) and favorable for WW, YW, and visual scores. Selection for increasing BW, WW, YW, and LMA will result in modest or no change in BF and RF (correlated response ranging from −0.04 to 0.07 mm per generation). In this population, carcass traits must be included in the selection indexes to obtain genetic gains in carcass quality, if desired.

The incorporation of fertility indices in genetic improvement programmes

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Pryce ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Days Open

AbstractIn recent years there has been considerable genetic progress in milk production. Yet, increases in yield have been accompanied by an apparent lengthening of calving intervals, days open, days to first heat and a decline in conception rates, which appears to be both at the genetic and phenotypic level. Fertility has a high relative economic value compared to production traits such as protein, making it attractive to include in a breeding programme. To do this there needs to be genetic variance in fertility. Measures of fertility calculated from service dates have a small genetic compared to phenotypic variance, hence heritability estimates are small, typically less than 5%, although coefficients of genetic variance are comparable to those of production traits. Heritabilities of commencement of luteal activity determined using progesterone profiles are generally higher, and have been reported as being from 0.16 to 0.28, which could be because of a more precise quantification of genetic variance, as management influences such as delaying insemination and heat detection rates are excluded. However, it might not be the use of progesterone profiles alone, as days to first heat observed by farm staff has a heritability of 0.15. The most efficient way to breed for improved fertility is to construct a selection index using the genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates of all traits of interest in addition to their respective economic values. Index traits for fertility could include measures such as calving interval, days open, days to first service, or days to first heat but there may also be alternative measures. Examples include traits related to energy balance, such as live weight and condition score (change), both of which have higher heritabilities than fertility measures and have genetic correlations of sufficient magnitude to make genetic progress by using them feasible. To redress the balance between fertility and production, some countries already publish genetic evaluations of fertility including: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.

scholarly journals Production, Reproduction and Adaptation characteristics of Boran cattle breed under changing climate: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merga Bayssa ◽  
Sintayehu Yigrem ◽  
Simret Betsa ◽  
Adugna Tolera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Breed Improvement

AbstractIntroductionClimate change has devastating effects on livestock production and productivity, which could threaten livestock-based food security in pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems of the tropics and sub-tropics. Hence, to sustain livestock production in an environment challenged by climate change, the animals must have the ability to survive and produce under extreme conditions. Boran cattle breed is one of the hardiest Zebu cattle reared by Borana Oromo pastoralists for milk and meat production. This paper aims to compile the main production, reproduction and adaptation traits of Boran cattle based on systematic review amd meta-analysis of peer reviewed and published articles on the subject.MethodologyCombination of systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guideline was employed. Accordingly, out of 646 recorded articles identified through database searching, 64 were found to be eligible for production, reproduction and adaptation characteristics of the Boran cattle, twenty-eight articles were included in qualitative systematic review while 36 articles were used for quantitative meta-analysis.ResultBoran cattle have diversity of adaptation (morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolic, cellular and molecular) responses to the effects of climate change induced challenges - notably high temperature and solar radiation, rangeland degradation, seasonal feed and water shortages and high incidences of tropical diseases. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed estimates of heritability and genetic correlations for reproduction and production traits. In addition, heritability and genetic-correlation estimates found in the present study suggest that there is high genetic variability for most traits in Boran cattle, and that genetic improvement is possible for all studied traits in this breed.ConclusionThe review revealed that Boran cattle exhibit better reproduction, production and adaption potentials as compared to other indigenous zebu cattle breeds in Ethiopia under low-land, poor pasture and water conditions. On other hand, the breed is currently challenged by adverse effects of climate change and other management factors such as high rate of genetic dilution, reduced rangeland productivity, lack of organized breed improvement programs and discriminate selection of gene pool. Thus, we recommend strategic breed improvement and genetic conservation program of Boran cattle breed in collaboration with Borana pastoralists through proper quantification of important traits and estimation of the pure Boran cattle population while controlled cross breeding strategy could be used in urban and peri-urban areas for maximum utilization of adapataion and production pottential of this breed.

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