scholarly journals Decoding mouse behavior to explain single-trial decisions and their relationship with neural activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Weissenberger ◽  
Andrew J. King ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Mouse Behavior ◽  
Sparse Measurements ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractModels of behavior typically focus on sparse measurements of motor output over long timescales, limiting their ability to explain momentary decisions or neural activity. We developed data-driven models relating experimental variables to videos of behavior. Applied to mouse operant behavior, they revealed behavioral encoding of cognitive variables. Model-based decoding of videos yielded an accurate account of single-trial behavior in terms of the relationship between cognition, motor output and cortical activity.

scholarly journals Multi-Omic Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomes and the Bibliome Uncovers Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Genes

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Yoko Ono ◽  
Hidemasa Bono
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Response System ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Sufficient Oxygen

Hypoxia is a condition in which cells, tissues, or organisms are deprived of sufficient oxygen supply. Aerobic organisms have a hypoxic response system, represented by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1A), to adapt to this condition. Due to publication bias, there has been little focus on genes other than well-known signature hypoxia-inducible genes. Therefore, in this study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify novel hypoxia-inducible genes. We searched publicly available transcriptome databases to obtain hypoxia-related experimental data, retrieved the metadata, and manually curated it. We selected the genes that are differentially expressed by hypoxic stimulation, and evaluated their relevance in hypoxia by performing enrichment analyses. Next, we performed a bibliometric analysis using gene2pubmed data to examine genes that have not been well studied in relation to hypoxia. Gene2pubmed data provides information about the relationship between genes and publications. We calculated and evaluated the number of reports and similarity coefficients of each gene to HIF1A, which is a representative gene in hypoxia studies. In this data-driven study, we report that several genes that were not known to be associated with hypoxia, including the G protein-coupled receptor 146 gene, are upregulated by hypoxic stimulation.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Larval Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Connectivity

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Marine Connectivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Planktonic Larval Duration

Does the dispersal of planktonic larvae promote strong connections between marine populations? Here we describe some of the most commonly used population- and individual-based genetic methods that have enhanced our understanding of larval dispersal and marine connectivity. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Choosing between them depends on whether researchers want to know about average effective rates of connectivity over long timescales (over hundreds to thousands of generations) or recent patterns of connectivity on shorter timescales (one to two generations). The use of both approaches has improved our understanding of larval dispersal distances, the relationship between realized dispersal (from genetics) and dispersal potential (from planktonic larval duration), and the crucial distinction between genetic and demographic connectivity. Although rarely used together, combining population- and individual-based inferences from genetic data will likely further enrich our understanding of the scope and scale of larval dispersal in marine systems.

scholarly journals Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross Fertilization

The relationship between “language change” and “language evolution” has recently become subject to some debate regarding the scope of both concepts. It has been claimed that while the latter used to refer to language origins in the first place, both terms can now, to a certain extent, be used synonymously. In this paper, I argue that this can partly be explained by parallel develop-ments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research that have led to a considerable amount of convergence between both fields. Both have adopted usage-based approaches and data-driven methods, which entails similar research questions and similar perspectives on the phenomena under investigation. This has ramifications for current models and theories of language change (or evolution). Two approaches in particular – the concept of com-plex adaptive systems and construction grammar – have been combined in integrated approaches that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. I discuss the potential and limitations of this integrated approach, and I argue that there is still some unex-plored potential for cross-fertilization.

scholarly journals Enhancing GABAergic Tone in the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Reconfigures Sensorimotor Neural Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Sammons ◽  
Caroline E. Bass ◽  
Jonathan D. Victor ◽  
Patricia M. Di Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Rostral Nucleus ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTRecent work has shown that most cells in the rostral, gustatory portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) in awake, freely licking rats show lick-related firing. However, the relationship between taste-related and lick-related activity in rNTS remains unclear. Here, we tested if GABA-derived inhibitory activity regulates the balance of lick- and taste-driven neuronal activity. Combinatorial viral tools were used to restrict expression of ChR2-EYFP to GAD1+ GABAergic neurons. Viral infusions were bilateral in rNTS. 2-4wks later, an optical fiber attached to 8-16 drivable microwires was implanted into the rNTS. After recovery, water-deprived rats were presented with taste stimuli in an experimental chamber. Trials were 5 consecutive taste licks [NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, sucrose, MSG/IMP, citric acid, quinine, or artificial saliva (AS)] separated by 5 AS licks on a VR5 schedule. Each taste lick triggered a 1s train of laser light (25Hz; 473nm; 8-10mW) in a random half of the trials. In all, 113 cells were recorded in the rNTS, 50 responded to one or more taste stimuli without GABA enhancement. Selective changes in response magnitude (spike count) within cells shifted across unit patterns but preserved inter-stimulus relationships. Cells where enhanced GABAergic tone increased lick coherence conveyed more information distinguishing basic taste qualities and different salts than other cells. In addition, GABA activation significantly amplified the amount of information that discriminated palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. By dynamically regulating lick coherence and remodeling the across-unit response patterns to taste, enhancing GABAergic tone in rNTS reconfigures the neural activity reflecting sensation and movement.Significance StatementThe rostral nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) is the first structure in the central gustatory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings from the rNTS in awake, freely-licking animals show that cells in this area have lick- as well as taste-related activity, but the relationship between these characteristics is not well understood. Here, we showed evidence that GABA activation can dynamically regulate both of these two properties in rNTS cells to enhance the information conveyed, especially about palatable vs. unpalatable tastants. These data provide insights into the role of inhibitory activity in the rNTS.

scholarly journals Brain Activation of Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During a Mental Rotation Task: A Functional MRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoon Oh ◽  
Wi Hoon Jung ◽  
Taekwan Kim ◽  
Geumsook Shim ◽  
Jun Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated alterations in frontostriatal and frontoparietal circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during various tasks. To date, however, brain activation for visuospatial function in conjunction with symptoms in OCD has not been comprehensively evaluated. To elucidate the relationship between neural activity, cognitive function, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, we investigated regional brain activation during the performance of a visuospatial task in patients with OCD using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen medication-free patients with OCD and 21 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained while the subjects performed a mental rotation (MR) task. Brain activation during the task was compared between the two groups using a two-sample t-test. Voxel-wise whole-brain multiple regression analyses were also performed to examine the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and neural activity during the task. The two groups did not differ in MR task performance. Both groups also showed similar task-related activation patterns in frontoparietal regions with no significant differences. Activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with OCD during the MR task was positively associated with their total Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores. This study identified the specific brain areas associated with the interaction between symptom severity and visuospatial cognitive function during an MR task in medication-free patients with OCD. These findings may serve as potential neuromodulation targets for OCD treatment.

Data-Driven Gold Standards: What the Field Values as Award-Worthy Data Journalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Loosen
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gold Standards

This chapter explores the relationship between the datafication of society and a datafied journalism and introduces awards as a means to study the evolution of data journalism.

scholarly journals Tool Wear Prediction in Single-Sided Lapping Process

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Norbert Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Product Quality Control ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Tool Wear Prediction ◽  
The Relationship

Single-sided lapping is one of the most effective planarization technologies. The process has relatively complex kinematics and it is determined by a number of inputs parameters. It has been noted that prediction of the tool wear during the process is critical for product quality control. To determine the profile wear of the lapping plate, a computer model which simulates abrasive grains trajectories was developed in MATLAB. Moreover, a data-driven technique was investigated to indicate the relationship between the tool wear uniformity and lapping parameters such as the position of conditioning rings and rotational speed of the lapping plate and conditioning rings.

scholarly journals Single-Option P300-BCI Performance Is Affected by Visual Stimulation Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7198
Author(s):  
Juan David Chailloux Peguero ◽  
Omar Mendoza-Montoya ◽  
Javier M. Antelis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

The P300 paradigm is one of the most promising techniques for its robustness and reliability in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications, but it is not exempt from shortcomings. The present work studied single-trial classification effectiveness in distinguishing between target and non-target responses considering two conditions of visual stimulation and the variation of the number of symbols presented to the user in a single-option visual frame. In addition, we also investigated the relationship between the classification results of target and non-target events when training and testing the machine-learning model with datasets containing different stimulation conditions and different number of symbols. To this end, we designed a P300 experimental protocol considering, as conditions of stimulation: the color highlighting or the superimposing of a cartoon face and from four to nine options. These experiments were carried out with 19 healthy subjects in 3 sessions. The results showed that the Event-Related Potentials (ERP) responses and the classification accuracy are stronger with cartoon faces as stimulus type and similar irrespective of the amount of options. In addition, the classification performance is reduced when using datasets with different type of stimulus, but it is similar when using datasets with different the number of symbols. These results have a special connotation for the design of systems, in which it is intended to elicit higher levels of evoked potentials and, at the same time, optimize training time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document