scholarly journals The effect of cathodal tDCS on fear extinction: a cross-measures study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ganho-Ávila ◽  
Óscar F. Gonçalves ◽  
Raquel Guiomar ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Boggio ◽  
Manish Kumar Asthana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Moderate Effect Size

AbstractExtinction-based procedures are often used to inhibit maladaptive fear responses. However, because extinction procedures show efficacy limitations, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a promising add-on enhancer. In this study, we tested the effect of cathodal tDCS over extinction, to unveil the processes at play that boost the effectiveness of extinction procedures and its translational potential to the treatment of anxiety disorders.We implemented a fear conditioning procedure whereby 41 healthy women (mean age = 20.51 ± 5.0) were assigned to either cathodal tDCS (n=27) or sham tDCS (n=16). Fear responses were measured with self-reports, autonomic responses, and implicit avoidance tendencies.Cathodal tDCS shows no statistically significant effect in extinction, according to self-reports, and seems to even negatively affect fear conditioned skin conductance responses. However, implicit avoidance tendencies, assessed one-to-three months after the tDCS session and extinction, reveal a group difference in the avoidance tendencies towards the neutral stimuli (F (1, 41) = 12.04, p = .001, ηp2 = .227), with the active cathodal tDCS groups showing a positive bias but not the sham group. This suggests a decreased generalization effect in the tDCS group with a moderate effect size. That is, cathodal tDCS may have enhanced long-term distinctiveness between threatening cues and perceptively similar neutral cues through a disambiguation process of the value of the neutral stimuli – a therapeutic target in anxiety disorders. Future studies should confirm these results and extend the study of cathodal tDCS effect on short term avoidance tendencies.

scholarly journals Satellites, Self-reports, and Submersion: Exposure to Floods in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Guiteras ◽  
Amir Jina ◽  
A. Mushfiq Mobarak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Term Variation

A burgeoning “Climate-Economy” literature has uncovered many effects of changes in temperature and precipitation on economic activity, but has made considerably less progress in modeling the effects of other associated phenomena, like natural disasters. We develop new, objective data on floods, focusing on Bangladesh. We show that rainfall and self-reported exposure are weak proxies for true flood exposure. These data allow us to study adaptation, giving accurate measures of both long-term averages and short term variation in exposure. This is important in studying climate change impacts, as people will not only experience new exposures, but also experience them differently.

scholarly journals Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Crucial Co-occurrence in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus or an Etiology of Hydrocephalic Presentation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Halil Onder
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

AbstractCo-occurrences of neurodegenerative diseases in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a remarkable topic of discussion, which has been mentioned in recent studies and it was also emphasized by the International Society for Hydrocephalus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorder. In this report, I illustrate two remarkable cases which were initially diagnosed with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery was performed, which yielded significant improvement in the clinic of both patients in the short-term period. However, in the long-term follow-up, both of them deteriorated, and re-evaluation of the neurological examination and neuroimaging data yielded the full clinical picture of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Via the illustration of these cases and related literature data, I rediscuss some related hypotheses about the co-occurrence of these two conditions of hydrocephalus and PSP. I also suggest some distinct discussions to be clarified in future studies.

scholarly journals Technology-Assisted Rehabilitation of Writing Skills in Parkinson’s Disease: Visual Cueing versus Intelligent Feedback

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien Nackaerts ◽  
Alice Nieuwboer ◽  
Elisabetta Farella
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Visual Cueing ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Larger Sample

Recent research showed that visual cueing can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on handwriting of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls depending on the circumstances. Hence, using other sensory modalities to deliver cueing or feedback may be a valuable alternative. Therefore, the current study compared the effects of short-term training with either continuous visual cues or intermittent intelligent verbal feedback. Ten PD patients and nine healthy controls were randomly assigned to one of these training modes. To assess transfer of learning, writing performance was assessed in the absence of cueing and feedback on both trained and untrained writing sequences. The feedback pen and a touch-sensitive writing tablet were used for testing. Both training types resulted in improved writing amplitudes for the trained and untrained sequences. In conclusion, these results suggest that the feedback pen is a valuable tool to implement writing training in a tailor-made fashion for people with PD. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and different subgroups of PD for long-term training with the feedback pen.

scholarly journals No Additional Evidence that Proximity to the July 4th Holiday Affects Affective Polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Brandt ◽  
Felicity M. Turner-Zwinkels
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Within Subjects

One promising approach for reducing affective polarization is priming a shared American identity and one promising event to prime that identity is the 4th of July. Prior work showed that proximity to the 4th of July reduced affective polarization. We conceptually replicated this study using a 9-wave longitudinal design in 2019. We found no short-term or long-term effects of the 4th of July on social distance from partisan and ideological ingroups or outgroups. Notably, our within-subjects design was able to identify the existence of individual differences in social distance trajectories across time, but there were not individual differences in short-terms changes in social distance in close proximity to the 4th of July. Additional analyses, did not find consistent predictors of these individual differences, suggesting a clear gap for future studies. Although priming a shared American identity may be effective, these findings suggest that the salutary effects of the 4th of July holiday do not emerge in 2019.

Increased Preventive Practices Lead to Greater Tooth Retention

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Kressin ◽  
U. Boehmer ◽  
M.E. Nunn ◽  
A. Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tooth Retention

Prior research has rarely examined the impact of ADA-recommended preventive practices on tooth retention. We hypothesized that better oral hygiene leads to increased tooth retention. We examined the association of cross-sectional and long-term assessments of preventive practices, as well as various combinations of hygiene practices, with tooth retention. Among 736 male participants in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study, we utilized cross-sectional and longitudinal self-reports of toothbrushing, dental floss use, annual prophylaxis, and combinations of such behaviors, and examined their association with clinically assessed numbers of teeth. Baseline and long-term hygiene behaviors (except brushing) were associated with an increased baseline number of teeth and decreased subsequent tooth loss. Use of multiple hygiene behaviors was associated with greater tooth retention, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Adherence to ADA recommendations for preventive care leads to better oral health, and consistently practicing preventive behaviors over the long term confers greater benefits than doing so over the short term.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness and prediction of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline for late-life anxiety disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josien Schuurmans ◽  
Hannie Comijs ◽  
Paul M. G. Emmelkamp ◽  
Ingrid J. C. Weijnen ◽  
Marcel van den Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTBackground: Although anxiety disorders are prevalent in older adults, randomized controlled trials of treatment effectiveness for late-life anxiety are scarce and have focused primarily on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions. However, recent findings suggest that in some cases, pharmacological treatment may be more beneficial for late-life anxiety disorders. As yet, there have been no systematic studies investigating prognostic factors for the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for late-life anxiety. The objective of the present study was to study long-term treatment outcomes and to explore differential predictors for both short-term and long-term treatment outcomes of sertraline and CBT for late-life anxiety disorders.Methods: Participants of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing sertraline and CBT for the treatment of late-life anxiety were contacted one year after completing their treatment, so that predictors for both short-term and long-term treatment outcome could be established.Results: Sertraline showed a greater reduction of symptoms than CBT on anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HARS) and worry (Worry Domain Questionnaire) ratings at one-year follow-up. The strongest predictor for short-term CBT outcome was poor perceived health, explaining 40% of the variance in post-treatment residual gain scores on the HARS. The strongest predictor for long-term CBT outcome was neuroticism, explaining 20% of the variance in residual gain scores at one-year follow-up. Analyses revealed no significant predictors for treatment outcome in sertraline participants.Conclusions: Our study suggests that long-term use of sertraline might be more beneficial for late-life anxiety than a 15-week CBT program. Poor perceived health and neuroticism are predictive of less improvement after CBT in anxious older adults. Implications of these findings are discussed.

955 – Long-term effectiveness of long- and short-term psychotherapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
P. Knekt ◽  
T. Jääskeläinen ◽  
E. Virtala ◽  
T. Härkänen ◽  
M. Laaksonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Knowledge management in the environment of cross-functional team coopetition: A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Anh Don Ton ◽  
Laszlo Hammerl
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Important Field

Knowledge is crucial, but a transient resource that decides over the success or failure of business operations. Consequently, companies aim for the most profitable method to achieve high gains and conservation of knowledge, while excluding rivals to maintain the position of economic advantage as long as possible. To maximize the efforts of knowledge generation, new concepts of organizational processes were established in recent years. To provide a conceptual foundation and identify promising niches for future studies in the important field of team coopetition, existing literature on the factors of cross-functional team coopetition was reviewed, concluding in a systematic review. For this purpose, leading peer-reviewed journals from 2010 to 2021 offered 25 articles that fall within its established search inclusion criteria. Adding to the change of stakeholder project management, the shift from traditional, cooperative-led organizational approaches towards coopetition between two or multiple rivals can lead to promising results. However, it was indicated that this concept often fails due to misleading coordination in a coopetitive tension. Current studies extracted their results from applied team management mostly on short-term organizational, financial, and technical benefits or drawbacks, excluding long-term innovation effects. Most studies were categorized into three outcomes contributing to knowledge management: performance, relationship, and innovation. As a result, it is pointed out that several factors derived from the literature significantly influence the outcomes.

scholarly journals No Additional Evidence that Proximity to the July 4th Holiday Affects Affective Polarization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark John Brandt ◽  
Felicity Mary Turner-Zwinkels
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Within Subjects

One promising approach for reducing affective polarization is priming a shared American identity and one promising event to prime that identity is the 4th of July. Prior work showed that proximity to the 4th of July reduced affective polarization. We conceptually replicated this study using a 9-wave longitudinal design in 2019. We found no short-term or long-term effects of the 4th of July on social distance from partisan and ideological ingroups or outgroups. Notably, our within-subjects design was able to identify the existence of individual differences in social distance trajectories across time, but there were not individual differences in short-terms changes in social distance in close proximity to the 4th of July. Additional analyses, did not find consistent predictors of these individual differences, suggesting a clear gap for future studies. Although priming a shared American identity may be effective, these findings suggest that the salutary effects of the 4th of July holiday do not emerge in 2019.

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