scholarly journals Oral immunization with a probiotic cholera vaccine induces broad protective immunity againstVibrio choleraecolonization and disease in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Sit ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Bolutife Fakoya ◽  
Aklima Akter ◽  
Rajib Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Offspring Protection

AbstractOral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are being increasingly employed, but current killed formulations generally require multiple doses and lack efficacy in young children. We recently developed a new live-attenuated OCV candidate (HaitiV) derived from aVibrio choleraestrain isolated during the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic. HaitiV exhibited an unexpected probiotic-like activity in infant rabbits, preventing intestinal colonization and disease by wild-typeV. choleraebefore the onset of adaptive immunity. However, it remained unknown whether HaitiV would behave similarly to other OCVs to stimulate adaptive immunity againstV. cholerae.Here, we orally immunized adult germ-free female mice to test HaitiV’s immunogenicity. HaitiV safely and stably colonized vaccinated mice and induced known adaptive immune correlates of cholera protection within 14 days of administration. Pups born to immunized mice were protected against lethal challenges of both homologous and heterologousV. choleraestrains. Cross-fostering experiments revealed that protection was not dependent on vaccine colonization in or transmission to the pups. These findings demonstrate the protective immunogenicity of HaitiV and support its development as a new tool for limiting cholera.Author summaryVaccines for cholera are gaining acceptance as public health tools for prevention of cholera and curtailing the spread of outbreaks. However, current killed vaccines provide minimal protection in young children, who are especially susceptible to this diarrheal disease, and do not stimulate immunity against antigens that may only be expressed by live bacteria during infection. We recently developed HaitiV, an extensively engineered live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine candidate, derived from a clinical isolate from the Haiti cholera outbreak. Here, we found that the HaitiV induces immunological correlates of protection against cholera in germ free mice and leads to protection against disease in their offspring. Protection in this model was dependent on passively acquired factors in the milk of immunized dams and not transmission or colonization of HaitiV. Coupling the immunogenicity data presented here with our previous observation that HaitiV can protect from cholera prior to the induction of adaptive immunity, suggests that HaitiV may provide both rapid-onset short-term protection from disease while eliciting stable and long-lasting immunity against cholera.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to the O-Specific Polysaccharide Antigen in Children Who Received a Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Leung ◽  
Taher Uddin ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Amena Aktar ◽  
Russell A. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

ABSTRACTCurrent oral cholera vaccines induce lower levels of protective efficacy and shorter durations of protection in young children than in adults. Immunity against cholera is serogroup specific, and immune responses toVibrio choleraelipopolysaccharide (LPS), the antigen that mediates serogroup-specific responses, are associated with protection against disease. Despite this, responses againstV. choleraeO-specific polysaccharide (OSP), a key component of the LPS responsible for specificity, have not been characterized in children. Here, we report a comparison of polysaccharide antibody responses in children from a region in Bangladesh where cholera is endemic, including infants (6 to 23 months,n= 15), young children (24 to 59 months,n= 14), and older children (5 to 15 years,n= 23) who received two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine 14 days apart. We found that infants and young children receiving the vaccine did not mount an IgG, IgA, or IgM antibody response toV. choleraeOSP or LPS, whereas older children showed significant responses. In comparison to the vaccinees, young children with wild-typeV. choleraeO1 Ogawa infection did mount significant antibody responses against OSP and LPS. We also demonstrated that OSP responses correlated with age in vaccinees, but not in cholera patients, reflecting the ability of even young children with wild-type cholera to develop OSP responses. These differences might contribute to the lower efficacy of protection rendered by vaccination than by wild-type disease in young children and suggest that efforts to improve lipopolysaccharide-specific responses might be critical for achieving optimal cholera vaccine efficacy in this younger age group.

scholarly journals Use of surveys to evaluate an integrated oral cholera vaccine campaign in response to a cholera outbreak in Hoima district, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038464
Author(s):  
Godfrey Bwire ◽  
Mellisa Roskosky ◽  
Anne Ballard ◽  
W Abdullah Brooks ◽  
Alfred Okello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Coverage Rates

ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality and coverage of the campaign to distribute oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Hoima, Uganda to guide future campaigns of cholera vaccine.DesignSurvey of communities targeted for vaccination to determine vaccine coverage rates and perceptions of the vaccination campaign, and a separate survey of vaccine staff who carried out the campaign.SettingHoima district, Uganda.ParticipantsRepresentative clusters of households residing in the communities targeted for vaccination and staff members who conducted the vaccine campaign.ResultsAmong 209 households (1274 individuals) included in the coverage survey, 1193 (94%; 95% CI 92% to 95%) reported receiving at least one OCV dose and 998 (78%; 95% CI 76% to 81%) reported receiving two doses. Among vaccinated individuals, minor complaints were reported by 71 persons (5.6%). Individuals with ‘some’ education (primary school or above) were more knowledgeable regarding the required OCV doses compared with non-educated (p=0.03). Factors negatively associated with campaign implementation included community sensitisation time, staff payment and problems with field transport. Although the campaign was carried out quickly, the outbreak was over before the campaign started. Most staff involved in the campaign (93%) were knowledgeable about cholera control; however, 29% did not clearly understand how to detect and manage adverse events following immunisation.ConclusionThe campaign achieved high OCV coverage, but the surveys provided insights for improvement. To achieve high vaccine coverage, more effort is needed for community sensitisation, and additional resources for staff transportation and timely payment for campaign staff is required. Pretest and post-test assessment of staff training can identify and address knowledge and skill gaps.

The Bowel Cocktail

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
M. D. Bowie ◽  
M. D. Mann ◽  
I. D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Infectious Diarrhea ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Infantile gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea of infancy remains a serious pediatric problem worldwide. It has been estimated that during 1975 500 million episodes of diarrhea occurred among the babies and young children of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, killing between 5 million and 18 million of them.1 Only improvements in the socioeconomic conditions, housing, education, and nutritional status of these communities will result in diarrheal disease receding from its present position as the major cause of death of infants and young children. In the interim an attempt must be made to reduce the high mortality which is due firstly, in the acute phase, to water and electrolyte loss and secondly, in the later stages, to the diarrhea leading to further debility, malnutrition, and the well-known vicious cycle of undernutrition and gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e856-e863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S Azman ◽  
Lucy A Parker ◽  
John Rumunu ◽  
Fisseha Tadesse ◽  
Francesco Grandesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine

BioBoard

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (18) ◽  
pp. 991-993
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine

Organic Energy Alternative? The Truth about Organic Food. First Oral Cholera Vaccine in Production in China. New Biotech Incubation Center in Taipei. Cats Can Catch Bird Flu. Chloroplasts-Powered Laptops or Cell Phones? Lab Cultivated Bluefin Tuna Hit Market. New National Biotech Committee in Taiwan Soon.

scholarly journals Antibody Secreting Cell Responses following Vaccination with Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine among Haitian Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0004753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo R. Matias ◽  
Brie Falkard ◽  
Richelle C. Charles ◽  
Leslie M. Mayo-Smith ◽  
Jessica E. Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Secreting Cell ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine
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