scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal shaped the diversity of tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Elliot Gardner ◽  
Nyree Zerega ◽  
Hervé Sauquet
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Joint Area ◽  
Model Clade ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Bayesian Relaxed Clock

AbstractAimThe Neotropics have the highest terrestrial biodiversity on earth. Investigating the relationships between the floras of the Neotropics and other tropical areas is critical to understanding the origin and evolution of this mega-diverse region. Tribe Dorstenieae (Moraceae) has a pantropical distribution and almost equal number of species on both sides of the Atlantic. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the African and Neotropical floras using Dorstenieae (15 genera, 156 species, Moraceae) as a model clade.Locationthe Neotropics and Africa.MethodsWe used a targeted enrichment strategy with herbarium samples and a nuclear bait set to assemble a data set of 102 genes sampled from 83 (53%) species and fifteen genera (100%) of Dorstenieae, and five outgroup species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with maximum likelihood and coalescent approaches. This phylogeny was dated with a Bayesian relaxed clock model and four fossil calibrations. The biogeographic history of the group was then reconstructed with several dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis models (incl. DEC and DEC+J).ResultsThe crown-group ages of Dorstenieae and Dorstenia were estimated in the Cretaceous (65.8-79.8 Ma) and the Paleocene (50.8-67.3 Ma), respectively. Tribe Dorstenieae as a whole appears to have originated in the joint area of continental Africa, Madagascar and Asia-Oceania area. The Neotropical species of Dorstenia diversified in the Eocene (29.8-44.7 Ma) and formed a clade nested within the African lineages in the genus. Brosimum s.l., with a crown-group age at the period of the Oligocene and Miocene (14.9-31.1 Ma), represents another Neotropical clade in Dorstenieae.Main conclusionsTribe Dorstenieae originated in the joint area of continental Africa, Madagascar and Asia-Oceania area in the Cretaceous and then dispersed into Neotropics twice. Neotropical diversification after long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic is the most plausible explanation for the extant distribution pattern of Dorstenieae.

scholarly journals Sexual Reproduction and Gene Flow in the Pine Pathogen Dothistroma septosporum in British Columbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Dale ◽  
K. J. Lewis ◽  
B. W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum

Dothistroma septosporum has caused a serious needle blight epidemic in the lodgepole pine forests in northwest British Columbia over the past several years. Although ascocarps had been observed in British Columbia, nothing was known about the contribution of sexual reproduction, gene flow and long-distance dispersal to the epidemic. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and mating-type markers in 19 sites were used to generate population and reproductive data. Overall, evidence suggests a mixed mode of reproduction. Haplotypic diversity was high, with 79 unique and 56 shared haplotypes (possible clones) identified from 192 fungal isolates. Overall, mating-type segregation did not differ significantly from 1:1; however, random mating was rejected in most populations in the index of association and parsimony tree-length permutation analyses using the full data set and, when using clone-corrected data sets, more of the smaller populations showed random mating. Two of the smaller populations consistently showed random mating for both tests using both clone-corrected and noncorrected data. High gene flow is suggested by no differentiation between 14 of the 19 sites, several of which came from young plantations where the pathogen was not likely present prior to the current outbreak. The remaining five sites showed some level of divergence, possibly due to historic separation and endemic pathogen populations. Results indicate a high evolutionary potential and long-distance dispersal in this pathogen, important to consider in future forest management.

scholarly journals The origin and distribution of Neotropical species of Campylopus

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Frahm
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Of the 65 species of Campylopus known from tropical America, 33 are andine in distribution, 16 are found only in SE Brazil, 8 have wide ranges through Central and South America, 3 species are disjunct in SE-North America and Brazil, 3 are confined to the Caribbean and one species belongs to the circum-pacific and one to the tethyan element. For different parts of the Neotropics, the composition of phytogeographical elements is calculated. For the first time, bryophyte distributions are compared to the Pleistocene forest refuges proposed by zoologist and phanerogamists. The distribution of several rainforest species of Campylopus coincides with the major part of the montane refugia. Using an interpretation of the present-day ranges, a hypothetical survey is given of the origin and evolution of this genus in tropical South and Central America. The ranges of part of the species can be explained only by long distance dispersal, while the ranges of other species seem to be relictual.

scholarly journals Worldwide long‐distance dispersal favored by epizoochorous traits in the biogeographic history of Omphalodeae (Boraginaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Otero ◽  
Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías ◽  
Virginia Valcárcel ◽  
Pablo Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Repeated long-distance dispersal and convergent evolution in hazel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Helmstetter ◽  
Richard J. A. Buggs ◽  
Stuart J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Abstract Closely related species with a worldwide distribution provide an opportunity to understand evolutionary and biogeographic processes at a global scale. Hazel (Corylus) is an economically important genus of tree and shrub species found in temperate regions of Asia, North America and Europe. Here we use multiple nuclear and chloroplast loci to estimate a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of the genus Corylus. We model the biogeographic history of this group and the evolutionary history of tree and shrub form. We estimate that multiple Corylus lineages dispersed long distances between Europe and Asia and colonised North America from Asia in multiple independent events. The geographic distribution of tree versus shrub form of species appears to be the result of 4–5 instances of convergent evolution in the past 25 million years. We find extensive discordance between our nuclear and chloroplast trees and potential evidence for chloroplast capture in species with overlapping ranges, suggestive of past introgression. The important crop species C. avellana is estimated to be closely related to C. maxima, C. heterophylla var. thunbergii and the Colurnae subsection. Our study provides a new phylogenetic hypothesis or Corylus and reveals how long-distance dispersal can shape the distribution of biodiversity in temperate plants.

scholarly journals Eocene origin, Miocene diversification and intercontinental dispersal of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sen ◽  
Neha Tiwari ◽  
R Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Fossil Calibration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Its

AbstractResolving the evolutionary history of plant carnivory is of great interest to biologists throughout the world. Among the carnivorous plants, Genus Drosera (Droseraceae) is highly diverse with a wide pantropical distribution. Despite being a group of interest for evolutionary biology studies since the time of Charles Darwin, the historical biogeography of this group remains poorly understood. In this study, with an improved species sampling from Genbank, we present a reanalyzed phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Drosera. We developed a dated molecular phylogeny of Drosera from DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and chloroplast rbcL genes. Divergence times were estimated on the combined dataset using an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model and a known fossil calibration implemented in BEAST. The maximum clade credibility tree was then used for ancestral range estimations using DEC+J model implemented in BioGeoBEARS. Our analysis suggests that Drosera evolved during the Mid Eocene 36 Ma [95% HPD: 49.5-26] and have diversified and dispersed from the late Miocene onwards. Ancestral areas estimated using the DEC+J models suggest an African origin followed major radiation within Australia. Diversification in Drosera is temporally congruent with the prevailing drier conditions during the Miocene. From Miocene, grasslands and open habitats dominated across continents and might have provided ecological opportunities for their dispersal and diversification. Several long-distance dispersals and range extensions and in situ radiations coinciding with the evolution of drier conditions can explain their extant distribution across continents. Overall our data set provides fresh insights into the biogeographic factors that shaped the origin and evolution of the genus Drosera.

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal, ice sheet dynamics and mountaintop isolation underlie the genetic structure of glacier ice worms

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1905) ◽  
pp. 20190983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hotaling ◽  
Daniel H. Shain ◽  
Shirley A. Lang ◽  
Robin K. Bagley ◽  
Lusha M. Tronstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Migrating Birds

Disentangling the contemporary and historical factors underlying the spatial distributions of species is a central goal of biogeography. For species with broad distributions but little capacity to actively disperse, disconnected geographical distributions highlight the potential influence of passive, long-distance dispersal (LDD) on their evolutionary histories. However, dispersal alone cannot completely account for the biogeography of any species, and other factors—e.g. habitat suitability, life history—must also be considered. North American ice worms ( Mesenchytraeus solifugus ) are ice-obligate annelids that inhabit coastal glaciers from Oregon to Alaska. Previous studies identified a complex biogeographic history for ice worms, with evidence for genetic isolation, unexpectedly close relationships among geographically disjunct lineages, and contemporary migration across large (e.g. greater than 1500 km) areas of unsuitable habitat. In this study, we analysed genome-scale sequence data for individuals from most of the known ice worm range. We found clear support for divergence between populations along the Pacific Coast and the inland flanks of the Coast Mountains (mean F ST = 0.60), likely precipitated by episodic ice sheet expansion and contraction during the Pleistocene. We also found support for LDD of ice worms from Alaska to Vancouver Island, perhaps mediated by migrating birds. Our results highlight the power of genomic data for disentangling complex biogeographic patterns, including the presence of LDD.

scholarly journals Long-distance dispersal, ice sheet dynamics, and mountaintop isolation underlie the genetic structure of glacier ice worms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hotaling ◽  
Daniel H. Shain ◽  
Shirley A. Lang ◽  
Robin K. Bagley ◽  
Lusha M. Tronstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Migrating Birds

AbstractDisentangling the contemporary and historical factors underlying the spatial distributions of species is a central goal of biogeography. For species with broad distributions but little capacity to actively disperse, disconnected geographic distributions highlight the potential influence of passive, long-distance dispersal (LDD) on their evolutionary histories. However, dispersal alone cannot completely account for the biogeography of any species, and other factors–e.g., habitat suitability, life history–must also be considered. North American ice worms (Mesenchytraeus solifugus) are ice-obligate annelids that inhabit coastal glaciers from Oregon to Alaska. Previous studies identified a complex biogeographic history for ice worms, with evidence for genetic isolation, unexpectedly close relationships among geographically disjunct lineages, and contemporary migration across large (> 1,500 km) areas of unsuitable habitat. In this study, we analyzed genome-scale sequence data for most of the known ice worm range. We found clear support for divergence between populations along the Pacific Coast and the inland flanks of the Coast Mountains (mean FST = 0.60), likely precipitated by episodic ice sheet expansion and contraction during the Pleistocene. We also found support for LDD of ice worms from Alaska to Vancouver Island, perhaps mediated by migrating birds. Our results highlight the power of genomic data for disentangling complex biogeographic patterns, including the presence of LDD.

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