scholarly journals The reconstitution of body mass index in HIV positive subjects under antiretroviral treatment in Kinshasa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyguy Kabundi Tshima ◽  
Paul Madishala Mulumba
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
List Type ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Traitement Antirétroviral ◽  
Paludisme Grave

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate BMI changes in HIV adults’ subjects in the first year of ART in malaria endemic areas.MethodsWe used linear regression analysis showing that the change in weight at 12 months (y) in a malaria-endemic area is related to malaria infection at admission and its different episodes as illustrated by equation: y = a + bxi + ε, where x is malaria on admission, i refers to episodes of clinical malaria infection during the year, b is the slope, a is a constant and ε are confounding factors such as tuberculosis or poor eating habits.ResultsWe found a positive value for b (b = 0.697), and this shows that weight loss at 12 months is correlated with the diagnosis of severe malaria at admission. In other words, severe malaria eliminates the weight gained under ART.ConclusionsMalaria is the leading cause of weight loss under ART.Important recommendation for future:This study suggests nutritional education based on local foods containing antioxidants to fight the oxidative stress generated by HIV and stimulated by Plasmodium falciparum during febrile episodes. Oxidative stress is blocked by NADPHase which is a metalloenzyme based on selenium.Thus, to prevent a weight loss or the occurrence of the protein-energy malnutrition among people living with HIV, it is necessary to use the nutritional education.RésuméObjectifNous voulions évaluer les modifications de l’IMC chez les patients VIH adultes au cours de la première année du traitement antirétroviral dans une zone d’endémie palustreMatériel et MéthodesNous avons utilisé une analyse de régression linéaire montrant que la variation de poids à 12 mois (y) dans une zone d’endémie palustre est liée à l’infection palustre à l’admission et à ses différents épisodes, comme l’illustre l’équation suivante: y = a + bxi + ε, où x est le paludisme à l’admission, i les épisodes de paludisme clinique survenus au cours de l’année, b est la pente, a est une constante et ε sont des facteurs de confusion tels que la tuberculose ou de mauvaises habitudes alimentaires..RésultatsNous avons trouvé une valeur positive pour b (b = 0,697), ce qui montre que la perte de poids à 12 mois est en corrélation avec le diagnostic de paludisme grave à l’admission. En d’autres termes, le paludisme grave élimine le poids gagné sous traitement antirétroviral.ConclusionsLe paludisme est la principale cause de perte de poids sous ARV.Recommandation importante pour l’avenir : Cette étude suggère une éducation nutritionnelle basée sur des aliments locaux contenant des anti-oxydants pour lutter contre le stress oxydatif généré par le VIH et stimulé par le Plasmodium falciparum lors des poussées fébriles. Le stress oxydatif est bloqué par la NADPHase qui est une métalloenzyme à base de sélénium. Ainsi, il est nécessaire d’utiliser l’éducation nutritionnelle pour prévenir la perte du poids sous ARV.

Significant Differences in FcγRIIa, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb Genes Polymorphism and Anti-malarial IgG Subclass Pattern are Associated with Severe Malaria in Saudi Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amre Nasr ◽  
Ahmad Aljada ◽  
Osama Hamid ◽  
Hatim A. Elsheikh ◽  
Emad Masuadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Background: The FcyRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR (IIa, IIIa, and IIIb) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of Plasmodium falciparum infection among Saudi children. Material and methods: A 600 volunteers have been enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The FcγR genotypes was analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurement of immunoglobulins were determine using ELISA. Results: The data revealed the FcγRIIa-R/R131 showed a statistically association with the increased susceptibility to SM when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotypes among UM patients. Although the FcγRIIa-F/V176 genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the FcγRIIa-V/V176 genotype was This study aimed to associated with protection against SM. Moreover, severe malaria patients carrying the FcγRIIa-F/F genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The FcγRIIIb NA1/NA1 and FcγRIIIb NA2/NA2 genotypes did not show significant differences between UM and the MFC. However, the genotype FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 was statistically associated with severe malaria. Conclusions: The data presented in this study strongly suggest the possible impact of FcyR (IIa, RIIIa and RIIIb) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play a role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcomes in Saudi children.

scholarly journals Severe Malaria Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax among Children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Geleta ◽  
Tsige Ketema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Despite rigorous effort made to control malaria for more than a century, it is still among the main public health problems in least developed regions of the world. Majority of deaths associated with malaria occur in sub-Sahara Africa among biologically risked groups. Thus, this study was designed to assess the incidence of severe malaria syndromes among children in Pawe Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Children seeking medication for malaria infection in Pawe Hospital during the study period were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical, hematological, and clinical features of complicated malaria were assessed following standard parasitological and clinical procedures. A total of 263 children were found malaria positive. Among these, 200 were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Most of the severe malaria symptoms were observed among children infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The study showed that significant number of the children developed severe life threatening malaria complications. This calls for prompt early diagnosis and effective treatment of patients to reduce mortality and complications associated with malaria in the study site.

scholarly journals Significant differences in FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb genes polymorphism and anti-malarial IgG subclass pattern are associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Saudi children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amre Nasr ◽  
Ahmad Aljada ◽  
Osama Hamid ◽  
Hatim A. Elsheikh ◽  
Emad Masuadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The FcγRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR (IIa, IIIa, and IIIb) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of Plasmodium falciparum infection among Saudi children. Methods A total of 600 volunteers were enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The FcγR genotypes were analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurements of immunoglobulin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results The data revealed that the FcγRIIa-R/R131 showed a statistically significant association with SM patients when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotype among UM patients. Although the FcγRIIa-F/V176 genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the FcγRIIIa-V/V176 genotype offered protection against SM. Moreover, SM patients carrying the FcγRIIIa-F/F genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The FcγRIIIb-NA1/NA1 and FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 genotypes did not show significant differences between the UM and the MFC groups. However, the genotype FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 was statistically significantly associated with SM patients. Conclusions The data presented in this study suggest that the influence of the FcγRIIa-R/R131, FcγRIIIa-F/F176 and FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 genotypes are statistically significantly associated with SM patients. However, the FcγRIIa-H/H13 and FcγRIIIa-V/V176 genotypes have demonstrated a protective effect against SM when compared to UM patients. The impact of the FcyR (IIa, IIIa and IIIb) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play an important role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcome in Saudi children.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptorγ: A Link between Macrophage CD36 and Inflammation in Malaria Infection

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Biological Actions

Severe malaria infection caused byPlasmodium falciparumis a global life-threatening disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Intensive investigations have demonstrated that macrophages play crucial roles in control of inflammatory and immune responses and clearance ofPlasmodium-falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (PE). This paper focuses on how macrophage CD36 recognizes and internalizes PE and participates the inflammatory signaling in response toPlasmodium falciparum. In addition, recent advances in our current understanding of the biological actions of PPARγ on CD36 and malaria clearance from the hosts are highlighted.

Platelet Hypersensitivity in Acute Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) Infection in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 547-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Essien ◽  
M I Ebhota
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Secondary Wave ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean

SummaryDuring acute malaria infection, platelets in human platelet-rich plasma are hypersensitive to the addition of ADP between 1.0 uM and 5.0 uM, or adrenaline 0.11 uM as aggregating agents. The mean maximum aggregation amplitude (as % of light transmission) obtained from 8 subjects in response to added ADP (1.0 uM), 39.8 ± 27 (1SD), was significantly greater than the value in 6 controls (5.2±6.7 (1SD); t = 3, 51 P <0.005). A similar pattern of response was obtained with higher ADP concentrations (2.4,4.5 or 5.0 uM) in 22 patients and 20 control subjects (89.9±14.9% vs 77.8±16.5% (1SD) t = 2.45, P <0.02). Addition of 4.5 uM ADP to patient PRP usually evoked only a single aggregation wave (fused primary and secondary waves) while the typical primary and secondary wave pattern was usually obtained from controls.Mean plasma B-thromboglobulin (BTG) concentration in 7 patients (208.3 ± 15.6 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the value in 6 control subjects (59.2±15.7 ng/ml; t = 13.44, P <0.002).

A METHOD FOR EVALUATING AN EXPERIMENTAL ATHYREOSIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schimmelpfennig ◽  
A. Kaul ◽  
U. Haberland
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
List Type ◽  
Experimental Animals

ABSTRACT A micro-131I-test is presented which allows an easy separation of completely surgically thyroidectomised experimental animals from animals with aberrant or residual thyroid tissue. The application of the method is easy and not time-consuming: the total time spent on one animal is approximately 3 min. The method is based on the principle that the 131I storage is measured over the cervical region. The application of this method gives the following advantages: When performing studies with proven athyroid rats it is not necessary subsequently to demonstrate athyreosis (histologically, BMR, or PBI). Time-consuming experiments with animals which are not definitely athyroid can be avoided. The additional fractionated radio-iodine resection after surgical thyroidectomy, used by many authors to destroy residual thyroid tissue, becomes superfluous. Such a procedure takes 4 to 8 weeks. The animals may be used after a 5-day-period. This excludes secondary changes like weight loss and disturbed development which have to be taken into consideration when using a radio-iodine resection.

Oxidative stress does not influence weight loss induced by aerobic training in adults: randomized clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glêbia A. Cardoso ◽  
Mateus D. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana P. Ferreira ◽  
Yohanna de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago de O. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Aerobic Training

Prise en charge du paludisme grave d’importation de l’adulte

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
F. Bruneel ◽  
A. Raffetin ◽  
A. Roujansky ◽  
P. Corne ◽  
C. Tridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Traitement Adjuvant ◽  
Paludisme Grave ◽  
Pratique Clinique

En France, le paludisme grave d’importation concerne environ 12 à 14 % des accès palustres et implique très majoritairement Plasmodium falciparum. À partir de la définition du paludisme grave de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé utilisée en zone d’endémie palustre, la définition française du paludisme grave d’importation de l’adulte a été adaptée aux données et au contexte européens. La prise en charge du paludisme grave est une urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique qui doit être réalisée initialement en réanimation. Le traitement curatif du paludisme grave d’importation repose maintenant sur l’artésunate intraveineux (IV) qui doit être disponible dans chaque hôpital susceptible de recevoir ces patients. Dès lors, la quinine IV devient un traitement de seconde ligne réservé à quelques circonstances. La prise en charge symptomatique des défaillances d’organes est primordiale, notamment au cours des formes les plus sévères. Enfin, aucun traitement adjuvant n’a prouvé, à ce jour, son efficacité en pratique clinique.

scholarly journals Predictors of treatment failures of plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: a 4-year single‐centre retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Cuong Duong ◽  
Oanh Kieu Nguyet Pham ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Van Vinh Chau Nguyen ◽  
Phu Hoan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Burden

Abstract Background Drug-resistant falciparum malaria is an increasing public health burden. This study examined the magnitude of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the patterns and predictors of treatment failure in Vietnam. Methods Medical records of all 443 patients with malaria infection admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between January 2015 and December 2018 were used to extract information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcome. Results More than half (59.8%, 265/443, CI 55.1–64.4%) of patients acquired Plasmodium falciparum infection of whom 21.9% (58/265, CI 17.1–27.4%) had severe malaria, while 7.2% (19/265, CI 4.6–10.9%) and 19.2% (51/265, CI 14.7–24.5%) developed early treatment failure (ETF) and late treatment failure (LTF) respectively. Among 58 patients with severe malaria, 14 (24.1%) acquired infection in regions where artemisinin resistance has been documented including Binh Phuoc (11 patients), Dak Nong (2 patients) and Gia Lai (1 patient). Under treatment with intravenous artesunate, the median (IQR) parasite half-life of 11 patients coming from Binh Phuoc was 3 h (2.3 to 8.3 h), two patients coming from Dak Nong was 2.8 and 5.7 h, and a patient coming from Gia Lai was 6.5 h. Most patients (98.5%, 261/265) recovered completely. Four patients with severe malaria died. Severe malaria was statistically associated with receiving treatment at previous hospitals (P < 0.001), hepatomegaly (P < 0.001) and number of inpatient days (P < 0.001). Having severe malaria was a predictor of ETF (AOR 6.96, CI 2.55–19.02, P < 0.001). No predictor of LTF was identified. Conclusions Plasmodium falciparum remains the prevalent malaria parasite. Despite low mortality rate, severe malaria is not rare and is a significant predictor of ETF. To reduce the risk for ETF, studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of combination therapy including parenteral artesunate and a parenteral partner drug for severe malaria. The study alerts the possibility of drug-resistant malaria in Africa and other areas in Vietnam, which are known as non-endemic areas of anti-malarial drug resistance. A more comprehensive study using molecular technique in these regions is required to completely understand the magnitude of drug-resistant malaria and to design appropriate control strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document