scholarly journals Enteropathogen seroepidemiology among children in low-resource settings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Arnold ◽  
Diana L. Martin ◽  
Jane Juma ◽  
Harran Mkocha ◽  
John B. Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Multiplex Bead

AbstractLittle is known about enteropathogen seroepidemiology among children in low-resource settings. We measured serological IgG response to eight enteropathogens (Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella enterica, enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, norovirus) using multiplex bead assays in cohorts from Haiti, Kenya, and Tanzania. By age 2 years, most children had evidence of exposure by IgG response to the pathogens studied. We discovered a shift in IgG distributions for many pathogens as children age, caused by boosting and waning from repeated exposures, which complicates interpretation of seroprevalence among older children. Longitudinal profiles revealed important variation in enteropathogen IgG response above seropositivity cutoffs, underscoring the importance of longitudinal designs to estimate seroincidence rates as a measure of force of infection. In longitudinal cohorts there was a linear relationship between seroprevalence and prospective seroincidence rates, suggesting the two measures provide similar information about variation in pathogen transmission.

scholarly journals Enteropathogen antibody dynamics and force of infection among children in low-resource settings

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F Arnold ◽  
Diana L Martin ◽  
Jane Juma ◽  
Harran Mkocha ◽  
John B Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Little is known about enteropathogen seroepidemiology among children in low-resource settings. We measured serological IgG responses to eight enteropathogens (Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella enterica, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, norovirus) in cohorts from Haiti, Kenya, and Tanzania. We studied antibody dynamics and force of infection across pathogens and cohorts. Enteropathogens shared common seroepidemiologic features that enabled between-pathogen comparisons of transmission. Overall, exposure was intense: for most pathogens the window of primary infection was <3 years old; for highest transmission pathogens primary infection occurred within the first year. Longitudinal profiles demonstrated significant IgG boosting and waning above seropositivity cutoffs, underscoring the value of longitudinal designs to estimate force of infection. Seroprevalence and force of infection were rank-preserving across pathogens, illustrating the measures provide similar information about transmission heterogeneity. Our findings suggest antibody response can be used to measure population-level transmission of diverse enteropathogens in serologic surveillance.

scholarly journals Author response: Enteropathogen antibody dynamics and force of infection among children in low-resource settings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F Arnold ◽  
Diana L Martin ◽  
Jane Juma ◽  
Harran Mkocha ◽  
John B Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Volatile Biomarkers for Malaria Diagnosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
Hwa Chia Chai ◽  
Kek Heng Chua
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Volatile Biomarkers ◽  
Biting Behavior

Pathogens may change the odor and odor-related biting behavior of the vector and host to enhance pathogen transmission. In recent years, volatile biomarker investigations have emerged to identify odors that are differentially and specifically released by pathogens and plants, or the pathogen-infected or even cancer patients. Several studies have reported odors or volatile biomarkers specifically detected from the breath and skin of malaria-infected individuals. This review will discuss the potential use of these odors or volatile biomarkers for the diagnosis of malaria. This approach not only allows for the non-invasive mean of sample collection but also opens up the opportunity to develop a biosensor for malaria diagnosis in low-resource settings.

Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in low resource settings: C-reactive protein or procalcitonin?

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 079-083
Author(s):  
Lawrence Mbuagbaw ◽  
Francisca Monebenimp ◽  
Bolaji Obadeyi ◽  
Grace Bissohong ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Obama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Reactive Protein

Multi-Disciplinary COVID-19 Research Prioritization in Low-Resource Settings: The Ethiopia Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afework Kassu ◽  
Getnet Yimer ◽  
Solomon Benor ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Yifokre Tefera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Research Prioritization
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