scholarly journals A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Gu ◽  
Elena M. Vazey ◽  
Gary Aston-Jones ◽  
Longnian Lin ◽  
Joseph E. LeDoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Bidirectional Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
Conditioned Cues

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in the acquisition of aversive learning via actions in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA)1,2. However, the function of NE in expression of aversively-conditioned responses has not been established. Given the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in the expression of such behaviors3, and the presence of NE projections in this brain nucleus, we assessed the effects of NE activity in the CeA on behavioral expression using receptor-specific pharmacology and cell-and projection-specific chemogenetic manipulations. We found that inhibition and activation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons decreases and increases freezing to aversively conditioned cues, respectively. We then show that locally inhibiting or activating LC terminals in CeA is sufficient to achieve this bidirectional modulation of defensive reactions. These findings support the hypothesis that LC projections to CeA are required for the expression of defensive responses elicited by conditioned threats.

scholarly journals A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Gu ◽  
Walter T. Piper ◽  
Lauren A. Branigan ◽  
Elena M. Vazey ◽  
Gary Aston-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Bidirectional Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
Conditioned Cues

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in the acquisition of aversive learning via actions in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) [1, 2]. However, the function of NE in expression of aversively-conditioned responses has not been established. Given the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in the expression of such behaviors [3–5], and the presence of NE axons projections in this brain nucleus [6], we assessed the effects of NE activity in the CeA on behavioral expression using receptor-specific pharmacology and cell- and projection-specific chemogenetic manipulations. We found that inhibition and activation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons decreases and increases freezing to aversively conditioned cues, respectively. We then show that locally inhibiting or activating LC terminals in CeA is sufficient to achieve this bidirectional modulation of defensive reactions. These findings support the hypothesis that LC projections to CeA are critical for the expression of defensive responses elicited by conditioned threats.

scholarly journals Role of Amygdala Central Nucleus in Aversive Learning Produced by Shock or by Unexpected Omission of Food

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2461-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Purgert ◽  
D. S. Wheeler ◽  
M. A. McDannald ◽  
P. C. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Aversive Learning

Role of Vasopressin in the Cardiovascular Response to Stimulation of the Locus Coeruleus*

Endocrinology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1829-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN H. BERECEK ◽  
TERRI N. MITCHUM
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Differentiating Orienting and Defensive Responses to Concealed Information: The Role of Verbalization

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verschuere ◽  
Geert Crombez ◽  
Lieselot Smolders ◽  
Armand De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Concealed Information

Role of nitric oxide in the stress-induced release of serotonin in the locus coeruleus

2001 ◽  
Vol 364 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Sinner ◽  
Stefan Kaehler ◽  
Nicolas Singewald ◽  
Athineos Philippu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Locus Coeruleus

Dissociation of Appetitive Overexpectation and Extinction in the Infralimbic Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 3687-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda P P Lay ◽  
Melissa Nicolosi ◽  
Alexandra A Usypchuk ◽  
Guillem R Esber ◽  
Mihaela D Iordanova
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Infralimbic Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Conditioned Responding ◽  
Drug Free

Abstract Behavioral change is paramount to adaptive behavior. Two ways to achieve alterations in previously established behavior are extinction and overexpectation. The infralimbic (IL) portion of the medial prefrontal cortex controls the inhibition of previously established aversive behavioral responses in extinction. The role of the IL cortex in behavioral modification in appetitive Pavlovian associations remains poorly understood. Here, we seek to determine if the IL cortex modulates overexpectation and extinction of reward learning. Using overexpectation or extinction to achieve a reduction in behavior, the present findings uncover a dissociable role for the IL cortex in these paradigms. Pharmacologically inactivating the IL cortex left overexpectation intact. In contrast, pre-training manipulations in the IL cortex prior to extinction facilitated the reduction in conditioned responding but led to a disrupted extinction retrieval on test drug-free. Additional studies confirmed that this effect is restricted to the IL and not dependent on the dorsally-located prelimbic cortex. Together, these results show that the IL cortex underlies extinction but not overexpectation-driven reduction in behavior, which may be due to regulating the expression of conditioned responses influenced by stimulus–response associations rather than stimulus–stimulus associations.

scholarly journals The specification of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurones depends on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Vogel-Höpker ◽  
Hermann Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Rhombic Lip ◽  
The Brain

The role of BMPs in the development of the major noradrenergic centre of the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC), was investigated. LC generation is reflected by initial expression of the transcription factors Phox2a and Phox2b in dorsal rhombomere1 (r1), followed by expression of dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase. Bmp5 is expressed in the dorsal neuroepithelium in proximity to Phox2-expressing cells. BMP inhibition in stage 10 chick embryos resulted in the lack of LC neurones or in their generation at the dorsal midline, and loss of roof plate and rhombic lip, but it did not affect neural crest development. These results reveal late essential BMP functions in the specification of dorsal neuronal phenotypes in r1, including LC neurones, and in the development of dorsal midline structures.

Cocaine‐induced inhibition of process outgrowth in locus coeruleus neurons: role of gestational exposure period and offspring sex

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Snow ◽  
Heidi M. Carman ◽  
Jeffrey D. Smith ◽  
Rosemarie M. Booze ◽  
Marian A. Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Process Outgrowth

Anticonvulsant activity of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system: Role of beta mediation

1994 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ferraro ◽  
P. Sardo ◽  
M. Sabatino ◽  
G. Caravaglios ◽  
V. La Grutta
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity
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