scholarly journals Salience Network Disruption in US Army Soldiers with PTSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi Abdallah ◽  
Christopher Averill ◽  
Amy Ramage ◽  
Lynnette Averill ◽  
Selin Goktas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Army Soldiers

BACKGROUND: Better understanding of the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be critical to developing novel, effective therapeutics. Here, we conducted a data-driven investigation using a well-established, graph- based topological measure of nodal strength to determine the extent of functional dysconnectivity in a cohort of active duty US Army soldiers with PTSD compared to controls. METHODS: 102 participants with (n=50) or without PTSD (n=52) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at rest and during symptom provocation using subject-specific script imagery. Vertex/voxel global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr), a measure of nodal strength, was calculated as the average of its functional connectivity with all other vertices/voxels in the brain gray matter. RESULTS: In contrast to during resting-state, where there were no group differences, we found a significantly higher GBCr, in PTSD participants compared to controls, in areas within the right hemisphere, including anterior insula, caudal- ventrolateral prefrontal, and rostral-ventrolateral parietal cortices. Overall, these clusters overlapped with the ventral and dorsal salience networks. Post hoc analysis showed increased GBCr in these salience clusters during symptom provocation compared to resting-state. In addition, resting-state GBCr in the salience clusters predicted GBCr during symptom provocation in PTSD participants but not in controls. CONCLUSION: In PTSD, increased connectivity within the salience network has been previously hypothesized, based primarily on seed-based connectivity findings. The current results strongly support this hypothesis using whole-brain network measure in a fully data-driven approach. It remains to be seen in future studies whether these identified salience disturbances would normalize following treatment.

scholarly journals Salience Network Disruption in U.S. Army Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701985046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi G. Abdallah ◽  
Christopher L. Averill ◽  
Amy E. Ramage ◽  
Lynnette A. Averill ◽  
Selin Goktas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Army Soldiers

Background Better understanding of the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be critical to developing novel, effective therapeutics. Here, we conducted a data-driven investigation using a well-established, graph-based topological measure of nodal strength to determine the extent of functional dysconnectivity in a cohort of active duty U.S. Army soldiers with PTSD compared to controls. Methods A total of 102 participants with (n = 50) or without PTSD (n = 52) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during symptom provocation using subject-specific script imagery. Vertex/voxel global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr), a measure of nodal strength, was calculated as the average of its functional connectivity with all other vertices/voxels in the brain gray matter. Results In contrast to resting state, where there were no group differences, we found a significantly higher GBCr during symptom provocation, in PTSD participants compared to controls, in areas within the right hemisphere, including anterior insula, caudal-ventrolateral prefrontal, and rostral-ventrolateral parietal cortices. Overall, these clusters overlapped with the ventral and dorsal salience networks. Post hoc analysis showed increased GBCr in these salience clusters during symptom provocation compared to resting state. In addition, resting-state GBCr in the salience clusters predicted GBCr during symptom provocation in PTSD participants but not in controls. Conclusion In PTSD, increased connectivity within the salience network has been previously hypothesized, based primarily on seed-based connectivity findings. The current results strongly support this hypothesis using whole-brain network measure in a fully data-driven approach. It remains to be seen in future studies whether these identified salience disturbances would normalize following treatment.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Meditation Is Related to Long-Lasting Changes in Hippocampal Functional Topology during Resting State: A Magnetoencephalography Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lardone ◽  
Marianna Liparoti ◽  
Pierpaolo Sorrentino ◽  
Rosaria Rucco ◽  
Francesca Jacini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Functional Topology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

It has been suggested that the practice of meditation is associated to neuroplasticity phenomena, reducing age-related brain degeneration and improving cognitive functions. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain connectivity changes in meditators. In the present work, we aim to describe the possible long-term effects of meditation on the brain networks. To this aim, we used magnetoencephalography to study functional resting-state brain networks in Vipassana meditators. We observed topological modifications in the brain network in meditators compared to controls. More specifically, in the theta band, the meditators showed statistically significant (p corrected = 0.009) higher degree (a centrality index that represents the number of connections incident upon a given node) in the right hippocampus as compared to controls. Taking into account the role of the hippocampus in memory processes, and in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, meditation might have a potential role in a panel of preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Resting-state brain network topological properties and the correlation with neuropsychological assessment in adolescent narcolepsy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fulong ◽  
Spruyt Karen ◽  
Lu Chao ◽  
Zhao Dianjiang ◽  
Zhang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Small World ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Network Properties

Abstract Study Objectives To evaluate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks, and to investigate the association between brain topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors in adolescent narcolepsy. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment were applied in 26 adolescent narcolepsy patients and 30 healthy controls. fMRI data were analyzed in three ways: group independent component analysis and a graph theoretical method were applied to evaluate topological properties within the whole brain. Lastly, network-based statistics was utilized for group comparisons in region-to-region connectivity. The relationship between topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors was analyzed with correlation analyses. Results In addition to sleepiness, depressive symptoms and impulsivity were detected in adolescent narcolepsy. In adolescent narcolepsy, functional connectivity was decreased between regions of the limbic system and the default mode network (DMN), and increased in the visual network. Adolescent narcolepsy patients exhibited disrupted small-world network properties. Regional alterations in the caudate nucleus (CAU) and posterior cingulate gyrus were associated with subjective sleepiness and regional alterations in the CAU and inferior occipital gyrus were associated with impulsiveness. Remodeling within the salience network and the DMN was associated with sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors in narcolepsy. Conclusions Alterations in brain connectivity and regional topological properties in narcoleptic adolescents were associated with their sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors.

scholarly journals Frequency Specific Effects of ApoE ε4 Allele on Resting-State Networks in Nondemented Elders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang ◽  
Zhenzhen Li ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Time Courses

We applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele effects on functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Considering the frequency specific effects of functional connectivity, we decomposed the brain network time courses into two bands: 0.01–0.027 Hz and 0.027–0.08 Hz. All scans were acquired by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroscience Initiative (ADNI). Thirty-two nondemented subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence (n=16) or absence (n=16) of the ApoE ε4 allele. We explored the frequency specific effects of ApoE ε4 allele on the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN) functional connectivity. Compared to ε4 noncarriers, the DMN functional connectivity of ε4 carriers was significantly decreased while the SN functional connectivity of ε4 carriers was significantly increased. Many functional connectivities showed significant differences at the lower frequency band of 0.01–0.027 Hz or the higher frequency band of 0.027–0.08 Hz instead of the typical range of 0.01–0.08 Hz. The results indicated a frequency dependent effect of resting-state signals when investigating RSNs functional connectivity.

scholarly journals Concurrent tACS-fMRI reveals causal influence of power synchronized neural activity on resting state fMRI connectivity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bächinger ◽  
Valerio Zerbi ◽  
Marius Moisa ◽  
Rafael Polania ◽  
Quanying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Power Fluctuations ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

AbstractResting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is commonly used to study the brain’s intrinsic neural coupling, which reveals specific spatiotemporal patterns in the form of resting state networks (RSN). It has been hypothesized that slow rs-fMRI oscillations (<0.1 Hz) are driven by underlying electrophysiological rhythms that typically occur at much faster timescales (>5 Hz); however, causal evidence for this relationship is currently lacking. Here we measured rs-fMRI in humans while applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to entrain brain rhythms in left and right sensorimotor cortices.The two driving tACS signals were tailored to the individual’s alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) and fluctuated in amplitude according to a 1 Hz power envelope. We entrained the left versus right hemisphere in accordance to two different coupling modes where either alpha oscillations were synchronized between hemispheres (phase-synchronized tACS) or the slower oscillating power envelopes (power-synchronized tACS).Power-synchronized tACS significantly increased rs-fMRI connectivity within the stimulated RSN compared to phase-synchronized or no tACS. This effect outlasted the stimulation period and tended to be more effective in individuals who exhibited a naturally weak interhemispheric coupling. Using this novel approach, our data provide causal evidence that synchronized power fluctuations contribute to the formation of fMRI-based RSNs. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the brain’s intrinsic coupling at rest can be selectively modulated by choosing appropriate tACS signals, which could lead to new interventions for patients with altered rs-fMRI connectivity.Significance StatementResting state fMRI has become an important tool to estimate brain connectivity. However, relatively little is known about how slow hemodynamic oscillations measured with fMRI relate to electrophysiological processes.It was suggested that slowly fluctuating power envelopes of electrophysiological signals synchronize across brain areas and that the topography of this activity is spatially correlated to resting state networks derived from rs-fMRI. Here we take a novel approach to address this problem and establish a causal link between the power fluctuations of electrophysiological signals and rs-fMRI via a new neuromodulation paradigm, which exploits these power-synchronization mechanisms.These novel mechanistic insights bridge different scientific domains and are of broad interest to researchers in the fields of Medical Imaging, Neuroscience, Physiology and Psychology.

scholarly journals Brain Connectivity Dynamics in Untreated Transmen and Cisgender Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Uribe ◽  
Carme Junque ◽  
Esther Gómez-Gil ◽  
María Díez-Cirarda ◽  
Antonio Guillamon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Control Networks

Abstract Large-scale brain network interactions have been described between trans- and cis-gender identities. However, a temporal perspective of the brain spontaneous fluctuations is missing. We investigated the functional connectivity dynamics in transmen with gender incongruence and its relationship with interoceptive awareness. We describe four states in native and meta-state spaces: i) one state highly prevalent with sparse overall connections; ii) a second with strong couplings mainly involving components of the salience, default and executive control networks. Two states with global sparse connectivity but positive couplings iii) within the sensorimotor network, and iv) between salience network regions. Transmen had more dynamical fluidity than cismen, while cismen presented less meta-state fluidity and range dynamism than transmen and ciswomen. A positive association between attention regulation and fluidity, and meta-state range dynamism was found in transmen. There exist gender differences in the temporal brain dynamism, characterized by distinct interrelations of the salience network as catalyst interacting with other networks. We provide a functional explanation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposing different brain phenotypes in the construction of the gendered-self.

scholarly journals Brain connectivity dynamics in cisgender and transmen people with gender incongruence before gender affirmative hormone treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Uribe ◽  
Carme Junque ◽  
Esther Gómez-Gil ◽  
María Díez-Cirarda ◽  
Antonio Guillamon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Network

AbstractLarge-scale brain network interactions have been described between trans- and cis-gender binary identities. However, a temporal perspective of the brain's spontaneous fluctuations is missing. We investigated the functional connectivity dynamics in transmen with gender incongruence and its relationship with interoceptive awareness. We describe four states in native and meta-state spaces: (i) one state highly prevalent with sparse overall connections; (ii) a second with strong couplings mainly involving components of the salience, default, and executive control networks. Two states with global sparse connectivity but positive couplings (iii) within the sensorimotor network, and (iv) between salience network regions. Transmen had more dynamical fluidity than cismen, while cismen presented less meta-state fluidity and range dynamism than transmen and ciswomen. A positive association between attention regulation and fluidity and meta-state range dynamism was found in transmen. There exist gender differences in the temporal brain dynamism, characterized by distinct interrelations of the salience network as catalyst interacting with other networks. We offer a functional explanation from the neurodevelopmental cortical hypothesis of a gendered-self.

scholarly journals Individual Variation in Brain Network Topology Predicts Emotional Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling George ◽  
Lee Ivy ◽  
Guimond Synthia ◽  
Lutz Olivia ◽  
Tandon Neeraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network

AbstractBackgroundSocial cognitive ability is a significant determinant of functional outcome and deficits in social cognition are a disabling symptom of psychotic disorders. The neurobiological underpinnings of social cognition are not well understood, hampering our ability to ameliorate these deficits.ObjectiveUsing ‘resting-state’ fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and a trans-diagnostic, data-driven analytic strategy, we sought to identify the brain network basis of emotional intelligence, a key domain of social cognition.MethodsStudy participants included 60 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 46 healthy comparison participants. All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. Emotional Intelligence was measured using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). A connectome-wide analysis of brain connectivity examined how each individual brain voxel’s connectivity correlated with emotional intelligence using multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR).ResultsWe identified a region in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) where individual network topology predicted emotional intelligence. Specifically, the association of this region with the Default Mode Network predicted higher emotional intelligence and association with the Dorsal Attention Network predicted lower emotional intelligence. This correlation was observed in both schizophrenia and healthy comparison participants.ConclusionPrevious studies have demonstrated individual variance in brain network topology but the cognitive or behavioral relevance of these differences was undetermined. We observe that the left SPL, a region of high individual variance at the cytoarchitectonic level, also demonstrates individual variance in its association with large scale brain networks and that network topology predicts emotional intelligence.

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