scholarly journals From: Benjamin Lemasson Parametric response mapping as a new MRI approach for the characterization of posttraumatic cerebral edema

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Greze ◽  
Pierre Bouzat ◽  
Jean François Payen de la Garanderie ◽  
Emmanuel Barbier ◽  
Benjamin Lemasson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Edema ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Parametric Response

Purpose Cerebral edema is usually assessed with mean ADC value obtained with MRI. We aimed to use parametric response mapping (PRM), a voxel-based analysis, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to characterize the cerebral edema and to compare findings to those obtained with the classical global mean ADC analysis. Ultimately we wished to test whether early PRM analysis could identify the vasogenic or cellular edematous pattern two hours after trauma. Materials and Methods Experiments were conducted in a rat model of TBI in accordance with French Government guidelines. Eighteen traumatic brain-injured rats (TBI group) were compared to 7 sham-operated rats (Sham group). Diffusion-weighted images were acquired before and immediately (H0), 60min (H1) and 120min (H2) after the trauma. Two regions of interest (ROI) including cortex (cortical-ROI) and the whole brain (brainROI) were manually delineated. Results Averaged ADC value in cortical-ROI was significantly reduced at H2 in the TBI group versus Sham group (715±24 vs 781±16 µm²/sec; p=0.04), not in brain-ROI (748±27 vs 801±18 µm²/sec; p=0.32). By contrast, PRM values were significantly changed in these two ROIs at as soon as H1 in the TBI group (27.5±4% of the voxels beyond the PRM threshold in TBI group vs 5.1±1% in sham group; p<0.01). PRM was able to identify the nature of post traumatic cerebral edema: vasogenic, cellular or mixed pattern. ADC data obtained immediately after TBI and analyzed using PRM correlated with ADC data obtained at H2. Conclusion The PRM approach is more sensitive than averaged ADC at detecting and identifying post-traumatic brain edema. It is able to PRM might be a promising tool to individualize the management of patients with posttraumatic brain edema.

scholarly journals Parametric response mapping of CT images provides early detection of local bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis

Bone ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Hoff ◽  
Kenneth M. Kozloff ◽  
Jennifer L. Boes ◽  
Jean-Christophe Brisset ◽  
Stefanie Galbán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Parametric Response

The role of NLRP3 in traumatic brain injury and its regulation by pioglitazone

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091
Author(s):  
Ho Jun Yi ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Il Kim ◽  
Chul Bum Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Perilesional Edema

OBJECTIVEPerilesional edema is a predominant mechanism underlying secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Perilesional edema is characterized by inflammation, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and migration of peripheral immune cells into the brain. The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family pyrin domain–containing 3 protein (NLRP3) is a key component of secondary injury. Pioglitazone regulates NLRP3 and other inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, the role of NLRP3 and the pharmacological effects of pioglitazone were investigated in animal TBI models.METHODSBrain contusion was induced in a weight drop model involving 3 groups of mice: C57 BL/6 (sham group), NLRP3 knockout (K/O group), and pioglitazone-treated mice (treatment group). The percentage of brain water content of the 3 groups of mice was compared over a period of time. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to investigate NLRP3-related inflammasomes and the effects of pioglitazone in the TBI models.RESULTSBrain edema was the highest on day 3 after TBI in the sham group. Brain edema in both the K/O and the treatment groups was lower than in the sham group. In Western blot, the expression of inflammasomes was higher after TBI in the sham group, but the expression of interleukin-1β, caspase-1, and NLRP3 was decreased significantly following treatment with pioglitazone. The expression of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and Iba1 was decreased in both the K/O and treatment groups. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed a decrease in microglial cell and astrocyte activation following pioglitazone therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe inflammasome NLRP3 plays a pivotal role in regulating cerebral edema and secondary inflammation. Interestingly, pioglitazone reduced cerebral edema and immune response after TBI by downregulating the effects of NLRP3. These results suggest that the clinical application of pioglitazone may be a neuroprotective strategy in TBI.

scholarly journals Goreisan Inhibits Upregulation of Aquaporin 4 and Formation of Cerebral Edema in the Rat Model of Juvenile Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Yano ◽  
Hajime Yano ◽  
Hisaaki Takahashi ◽  
Kouhei Yoshimoto ◽  
Shinji Tsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Edema ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Aqp4 Expression ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Secondary cerebral edema regulation is of prognostic significance in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral edema. The traditional Japanese herbal medicine Goreisan relieves brain edema in adults; however, its effect and pharmacological mechanism in children are unknown. We investigated the effects of Goreisan on HIE-associated brain edema and AQP4 expression in a juvenile rat model, established by combined occlusion of middle cerebral and common carotid arteries. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the lesion areas were significantly smaller in the Goreisan- (2 g/kg) treated group than in the nontreated (saline) group at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. AQP4 mRNA levels in the lesion and nonlesion sides were significantly suppressed in the Goreisan group compared with the nontreated group 36 h postoperatively. Western blotting revealed that levels of AQP4 protein were significantly decreased in the Goreisan group compared with the nontreated group in the lesion side 72 h postoperatively, but not at 12 or 36 h. After 14 days, the Goreisan group had a significantly better survival rate. These findings suggest that Goreisan suppresses brain edema in HIE and improves survival in juvenile rats, possibly via regulation of AQP4 expression and function.

scholarly journals Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xing-Zhi Liao ◽  
Mai-Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

scholarly journals A 3D-CNN model with CT-based parametric response mapping for classifying COPD subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Ho ◽  
Taewoo Kim ◽  
Woo Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Kum Ju Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Small Airway Disease ◽  
3D Cnn ◽  
Parametric Response

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder involving abnormalities of lung parenchymal morphology with different severities. COPD is assessed by pulmonary-function tests and computed tomography-based approaches. We introduce a new classification method for COPD grouping based on deep learning and a parametric-response mapping (PRM) method. We extracted parenchymal functional variables of functional small airway disease percentage (fSAD%) and emphysema percentage (Emph%) with an image registration technique, being provided as input parameters of 3D convolutional neural network (CNN). The integrated 3D-CNN and PRM (3D-cPRM) achieved a classification accuracy of 89.3% and a sensitivity of 88.3% in five-fold cross-validation. The prediction accuracy of the proposed 3D-cPRM exceeded those of the 2D model and traditional 3D CNNs with the same neural network, and was comparable to that of 2D pretrained PRM models. We then applied a gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) that highlights the key features in the CNN learning process. Most of the class-discriminative regions appeared in the upper and middle lobes of the lung, consistent with the regions of elevated fSAD% and Emph% in COPD subjects. The 3D-cPRM successfully represented the parenchymal abnormalities in COPD and matched the CT-based diagnosis of COPD.

Bifrontal decompressive craniotomy for massive cerebral edema

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond N. Kjellberg ◽  
Alberto Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
High Mortality Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decompressive Craniotomy ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Mass Lesions

✓ A large bifrontal craniotomy was used in selected patients judged to carry an unusually high mortality risk due to brain swelling secondary to brain trauma. The procedure enabled exploration of both hemisphere convexities, evacuation of accumulated blood and necrotic brain, and decompression of swollen brain. This report reviews 73 cases operated on at the Massachusetts General Hospital since March, 1962; 18% of these patients survived. The largest experience was with post-traumatic cerebral edema, although intractable edema secondary to mass lesions, hemorrhage, toxic encephalopathy, and pseudotumor cerebri was also treated.

scholarly journals A mouse model of ankle-subtalar joint complex instability induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixin Liu ◽  
Kaiwen Chen ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Chunzhuo Hua ◽  
Hongtao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Deltoid Ligament ◽  
Balance Beam ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Ankle-subtalar joint complex instability is not uncommonly presented in the clinic, but symptoms and signs similar to other conditions can easily lead to its misdiagnosis. Due to the lack of appropriate animal models, research on ankle-subtalar joint complex instability is limited. The aims of the present study were to establish an animal model of ankle-subtalar joint complex instability in mice and to explore its relationship with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Methods Twenty-one male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM group (sham surgery group), transected cervical ligament + anterior talofibular ligament (CL+ATFL) group, and transected cervical ligament + deltoid ligament (CL+DL) group. Two weeks after surgery, all mice underwent cage running training. Balance beam and gait tests were used to evaluate the changes in self-movement in the mice after ankle-subtalar ligament injury. Micro-CT and histological staining were used to evaluate the progress of PTOA. Results Compared with the SHAM group, balance and gait were affected in the ligament transection group. Twelve weeks after surgery, the time required to cross the balance beam in the CL+ATFL group was 35.1% longer and the mice slipped 3.6-fold more often than before surgery, and the mean step length on the right side was 7.2% smaller than that in the SHAM group. The time required to cross the balance beam in the CL+DL group was 32.1% longer and the mice slipped 3-fold more often than prior to surgery, and the average step length on the right side was 5.6% smaller than that in the SHAM group. CT images indicated that 28.6% of the mice in the CL+DL group displayed dislocation of the talus. Tissue staining suggested that articular cartilage degeneration occurred in mice with ligament transection 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusions Transected mice in the CL+ATFL and CL+DL groups displayed mechanical instability of the ankle-subtalar joint complex, and some mice in the CL+DL group also suffered from talus dislocation due to ligament injury leading to loss of stability of the bone structure. In addition, as time progressed, the articular cartilage displayed degenerative changes, which affected the ability of animals to move normally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document