scholarly journals Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Pukhlyakova ◽  
Anastasia Kirillova ◽  
Yulia Kraus ◽  
Ulrich Technau
Keyword(s):  
Adherens Junctions ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Classical Cadherins ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Cadherin Switch ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Morphogenesis is a shape-building process during development of multicellular organisms. During this process the establishment and modulation of cell-cell contacts play an important role. Cadherins, the major cell adhesion molecules, form adherens junctions connecting epithelial cells. Numerous studies in Bilateria have shown that cadherins are associated with the regulation of cell differentiation, cell shape changes, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. To date, the role of Cadherins in non-bilaterians is unknown. Here, we study the expression and the function of two paralogous classical cadherins, cadherin1 and cadherin3, in the diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We show that a cadherin switch is accompanying the formation of germ layers. Using specific antibodies, we show that both cadherins are localized to adherens junctions at apical and basal positions in ectoderm and endoderm. During gastrulation, partial EMT of endodermal cells is marked by a step-wise downregulation of cadherin3 and upregulation of cadherin1. Knockdown experiments show that both cadherins are required for maintenance of tissue integrity and tissue morphogenesis. This demonstrates that cnidarians convergently use cadherins to differentially control morphogenetic events during development.

scholarly journals A cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (20) ◽  
pp. dev174623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Pukhlyakova ◽  
Anastasia O. Kirillova ◽  
Yulia A. Kraus ◽  
Bob Zimmermann ◽  
Ulrich Technau
Keyword(s):  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Cadherin Switch ◽  
Germ Layer Formation

scholarly journals Microinjection of mRNA or morpholinos for reverse genetic analysis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Layden ◽  
Eric Röttinger ◽  
Francis S Wolenski ◽  
Thomas D Gilmore ◽  
Mark Q Martindale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Reverse Genetic

Differential protein profiles reflect the different lifestyles of symbiotic and aposymbiotic Anthopleura elegantissima, a sea anemone from temperate waters

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-892
Author(s):  
V M Weis ◽  
R P Levine
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Differential Protein ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Anthopleura Elegantissima ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Mutualistic associations are prevalent in virtually all environments yet relatively little is known about their complex biochemical and molecular integration and regulation. The endosymbiosis between cnidarians such as the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium californium, in which the algal symbionts are housed in vacuoles within animal endodermal cells, is an ideal model for the study of highly integrated associations at the biochemical and molecular levels. This study describes differential protein synthesis between symbiotic A. elegantissima, collected from environments with high levels of light in the intertidal zone and A. elegantissima that naturally lack symbionts (aposymbiotic), collected from nearby deep-shade habitats. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of both steady-state and newly synthesized proteins were compared between the two types of animals using scanning densitometry and image analysis. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic animals share a majority of proteins; however, striking differences in several abundant proteins in steady-state profiles occur. Two proteins are unique to symbiotic animals, one at 32 kDa with an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.9 and another at 31 kDa, pI 6.3. Levels of six proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 25 kDa and pI values ranging from 4.8 to 5.5 are greatly enhanced in aposymbiotic animals. Furthermore, profiles of newly synthesized proteins from symbiotic animals contain a unique cluster of proteins ranging from 25 to 30 kDa and pI 6.6 to 6.9. These marked differences in protein profiles must be a reflection either of underlying differences in the regulation of gene expression or in post-translational modification of common proteins. Identifying the symbiosis-specific products present in A. elegantissima and identifying the inter-partner signaling and cues that result in differential expression will provide an insight into the understanding of these highly integrated associations.

Starlet Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis) 2021 Environmental Summary, Reptile & Aquatics, Stowers Institute for Medical Research v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane C. Miller ◽  
Diana P Baumann ◽  
M. Shane Merryman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Impact Research

The starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) is an emerging model organism, and we have maintained a colony at the Stowers Institute since 2007. Nematostella are known as a simple sea anemone, related to other cnidarians such as jellyfish and corals. Native to estuarine environments across the Atlantic coast of North America, from Novia Scotia to Florida, they encounter a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, salinity). Acknowledging that husbandry conditions and environmental parameters can impact research results we provide information about the housing, nutrition, maintenance, and health for our colony of Nematostella. This information will be applicable to any Nematostella housed in the facility in 2021.

scholarly journals Development and epithelial organisation of muscle cells in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M Jahnel ◽  
Manfred Walzl ◽  
Ulrich Technau
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis

scholarly journals Germ-layer commitment and axis formation in sea anemone embryonic cell aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1813-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kirillova ◽  
Grigory Genikhovich ◽  
Ekaterina Pukhlyakova ◽  
Adrien Demilly ◽  
Yulia Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Nematostella Vectensis ◽  
Axis Formation ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Developmental Context

Robust morphogenetic events are pivotal for animal embryogenesis. However, comparison of the modes of development of different members of a phylum suggests that the spectrum of developmental trajectories accessible for a species might be far broader than can be concluded from the observation of normal development. Here, by using a combination of microsurgery and transgenic reporter gene expression, we show that, facing a new developmental context, the aggregates of dissociated embryonic cells of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis take an alternative developmental trajectory. The self-organizing aggregates rely on Wnt signals produced by the cells of the original blastopore lip organizer to form body axes but employ morphogenetic events typical for normal development of distantly related cnidarians to re-establish the germ layers. The reaggregated cells show enormous plasticity including the capacity of the ectodermal cells to convert into endoderm. Our results suggest that new developmental trajectories may evolve relatively easily when highly plastic embryonic cells face new constraints.

Protocadherins and diversity of the cadherin superfamily

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2609-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Classical Cadherins ◽  
Adhesion Role ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cadherin Superfamily

Recent cadherin studies have revealed that many cadherins and cadherin-related proteins are expressed in various tissues of different multicellular organisms. These proteins are characterized by the multiple repeats of the cadherin motif in their extracellular domains. The members of the cadherin superfamily are divided into two groups: classical cadherin type and protocadherin type. The current cadherins appear to have evolved from a protocadherin type. Recent studies have proved the cell adhesion role of classical cadherins in embryogenesis. In contrast, the biological role of protocadherins is elusive. Circumstantial evidence, however, suggests that protocadherins are involved in a variety of cell-cell interactions. Since protocadherins, and many other new cadherins as well, have unique properties, studies of these cadherins may provide insight into the structure and biological role of the cadherin superfamily.

scholarly journals E–N-cadherin heterodimers define novel adherens junctions connecting endoderm-derived cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate K. Straub ◽  
Steffen Rickelt ◽  
Ralf Zimbelmann ◽  
Christine Grund ◽  
Caecilia Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Adherens Junctions ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Cadherin Switch ◽  
And Function ◽  
E Cadherin

Intercellular junctions play a pivotal role in tissue development and function and also in tumorigenesis. In epithelial cells, decrease or loss of E-cadherin, the hallmark molecule of adherens junctions (AJs), and increase of N-cadherin are widely thought to promote carcinoma progression and metastasis. In this paper, we show that this “cadherin switch” hypothesis does not hold for diverse endoderm-derived cells and cells of tumors derived from them. We show that the cadherins in a major portion of AJs in these cells can be chemically cross-linked in E–N heterodimers. We also show that cells possessing E–N heterodimer AJs can form semistable hemihomotypic AJs with purely N-cadherin–based AJs of mesenchymally derived cells, including stroma cells. We conclude that these heterodimers are the major AJ constituents of several endoderm-derived tissues and tumors and that the prevailing concept of antagonistic roles of these two cadherins in developmental and tumor biology has to be reconsidered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document