Climate and vegetation collectively drive soil respiration in montane forest-grassland landscapes of the southern Western Ghats, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Arvind Joshi ◽  
Jayashree Ratnam ◽  
Harinandanan Paramjyothi ◽  
Mahesh Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Western Ghats Of India

AbstractLand-use conversion to non-native species plantations not only affects biodiversity but also alters important ecosystem functions including above- and below-ground carbon sequestration, and CO2 release rates from soils via soil respiration. Though the role of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration is well recognized, little is known about how their effects vary across different land-use types. This study looked at the effects of land-cover change on temporal patterns of soil respiration in a montane forest-grassland-plantation matrix, a highly diverse but climatically sensitive ecosystem in the tropical Western Ghats of India. Among native vegetation types, soil respiration rates were higher in grassland compared to forest patches. Invasion of grassland by an exotic tree species - wattle (Acacia mearnsii) reduced soil respiration rates to levels similar to that of forests. However, conversion of native grasslands to non-native pine (Pinus patula) plantations led to the largest declines in soil respiration rates. In addition, the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and moisture differed between different vegetation types. Across all vegetation types, respiration was largely insensitive to changes in soil temperature when moisture levels were low. However, when soil moisture levels were high, respiration increased with temperature in grassland and wattle patches, decreased in the case of pine plantations, and remained largely unchanged in shola forests. Our results suggest that changes in aboveground vegetation type can significantly affect soil C cycling even in the absence of any underlying differences in soil type.

Effects of land use and climate change on water scarcity in rivers of the Western Ghats of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Sharannya ◽  
K. Venkatesh ◽  
Amogh Mudbhatkal ◽  
M. Dineshkumar ◽  
Amai Mahesha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
The Western Ghats

Harvesting and slash piling affects soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes in Newfoundland boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. Q. Carter ◽  
D. A.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
A Minor

The effect of harvesting and slash piling on soil respiration, temperature and moisture was examined in a balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and a black spruce (Picea marinara) forest located in western Newfoundland, Canada, 2 mo to 2.5 yr following harvesting. Within 4 mo of harvesting, soil temperature, moisture, and soil respiration rates were affected by harvesting and slash piling. Clearcut areas without slash (CC-S) had significantly lower soil respiration rates than uncut forests (F). However, clearcut areas with slash cover (CC+S) had significantly higher soil respiration rates than CC-S. When harvested areas with and without slash were combined, harvesting decreased soil respiration in the black spruce forest but had no effect on soil respiration in the balsam fir forest. Harvesting increased soil temperatures at 10 cm, however CC+S temperatures were cooler than CC-S temperatures. Harvested areas tended to dry faster than F, although soil moisture levels at >3.5 cm were not significantly depleted. However, there was evidence of soil drying at <3.5 cm. Soil temperature (at 10 cm) at the time of measurement was most strongly correlated to rates of soil respiration. Temporal variability and treatment effects (harvesting and slash piling) played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates when variations in soil respiration were adjusted for 10-cm soil temperature,. Soil moisture levels (3.5-9.5 cm depth), which did not vary widely, also played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates.Key words: Clearcut, Abies balsamea, Picea marinara, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas

Seasonal variations in soil respiration and temperature sensitivity under three land-use types in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoGuo Wang ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
MeiRong Gao ◽  
YanQiang Wang ◽  
XunHua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Q10 Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Relationship

CO2 emissions from soils were measured under 3 land-use types at the adjacent plots of forest plantation, grassland, and cropland from January 2005 to December 2006. Mean soil CO2 efflux rates measured during the 2-year study varied from 59 to 527 mg CO2/m2.h in forest plantation, 37 to 498 mg CO2/m2.h in grassland, and 32 to 397 mg CO2/m2.h in cropland. Soil respiration in the 3 types of land-use showed a similar seasonal pattern in variation during both years, in which the single-peaked curve occurred in early summer and the minimum in winter. In particular, the date of maximum soil CO2 efflux rate in cropland occurred about 30 days earlier than in forest and grassland in both 2005 and 2006. The relationship of soil respiration rate (R) with soil temperature (T ) and soil moisture (W ) fitted well to the equation R = β0eβ1TW β2 (a, b, c were constants) than other univariate models which consider soil water content or soil temperature alone. Soil temperature and soil moisture together explained 69–92% of the temporal variation in soil respiration in the 3 land-use types. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was affected positively by soil moisture of top 0.1 m layer and negatively by soil temperature at 0.05 m depth. The relationship between Q10 values and soil temperature (T ) or soil moisture (W ) indicated that a 1°C increase in soil temperature at 0.05 m depth will reduce the Q10 value by 0.07, 0.05, and 0.06 in forest, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Similarly, a 1% decrease in soil moisture of the top 0.1 m layer will reduce the Q10 value by 0.10, 0.09, and 0.11 in forest, grassland, and cropland.

scholarly journals Seasonal Soil Respiration Dynamics and Carbon-Stock Variations in Mountain Permanent Grasslands Compared to Arable Lands

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Francioni ◽  
Paride D’Ottavio ◽  
Roberto Lai ◽  
Laura Trozzo ◽  
Katarina Budimir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Heterotrophic Soil Respiration ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

Permanent grasslands provide a wide array of ecosystem services. Despite this, few studies have investigated grassland carbon (C) dynamics, and especially those related to the effects of land-use changes. This study aimed to determine whether the land-use change from permanent grassland to arable lands resulted in variations in the soil C stock, and whether such variations were due to increased soil respiration or to management practices. To address this, seasonal variations of soil respiration, sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature (Q10), and soil C stock variations generated by land-use changes were analyzed in a temperate mountain area of central Italy. The comparisons were performed for a permanent grassland and two adjacent fields, one cultivated with lentil and the other with emmer, during the 2015 crop year. Soil respiration and its heterotrophic component showed different spatial and temporal dynamics. Annual cumulative soil respiration rates were 6.05, 5.05 and 3.99 t C ha−1 year−1 for grassland, lentil and emmer, respectively. Both soil respiration and heterotrophic soil respiration were positively correlated with soil temperature at 10 cm depth. Derived Q10 values were from 2.23 to 6.05 for soil respiration, and from 1.82 to 4.06 for heterotrophic respiration. Soil C stock at over 0.2 m in depth was 93.56, 48.74 and 46.80 t C ha−1 for grassland, lentil and emmer, respectively. The land-use changes from permanent grassland to arable land lead to depletion in terms of the soil C stock due to water soil erosion. A more general evaluation appears necessary to determine the multiple effects of this land-use change at the landscape scale.

Soil respiration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fallow fields

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
R. L. Desjardins ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
E. Pattey ◽  
R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out to quantify the diurnal variation of soil respiration in fallow and barley fields and to assess the impact of atmospheric CO2 concentration (C) and crop photosynthesis on soil respiration rates under field conditions. Soil respiration rate was measured twice a day (06:00 and 13:00 h EST) for 69 consecutive days at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, during the 1990 growing season. Measurements were taken on fallow and under a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Léger’) crop using a dynamic closed chamber system. Crop net photosynthesis was obtained by substracting soil respiration from the vertical CO2 fluxes above the crop which was obtained using the eddy correlation technique. Afternoon soil respiration averaged 22 and 17% more than that in the morning on fallow and barley soils, respectively. No correlation was found between atmospheric CO2 concentration and morning respiration rates. The two daily respiration measurements on fallow soil could be fit to the same function of soil temperature despite important differences in C at the time of measurement. These results indicate that soil temperature might account for the differences in R between morning and afternoon, and that the effect of C need not be considered for the modelling of the soil respiration diurnal cycle. Respiration in soil under barley was 25% lower than in fallow soil. Soil under barley was estimated to have at least 199 g C m−2 more than fallow soil at the time of harvest due to the lower soil respiration and to the input of carbon by barley root residues. High correlations were obtained between crop photosynthesis and soil respiration rates during vegetative and reproductive periods, confirming that the biotic plant component is an important factor controlling soil respiration rates in cropped fields. Key words: Root respiration, chamber measurements, CO2 flux, crop net photosynthesis, greenhouse gas, soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on topographic variations of soil respiration

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tamai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Respiration Rates

Abstract. Soil respiration rates were measured along different parts of a slope in (a) an evergreen forest with common brown forest soil and (b) a deciduous forest with immature soil. The effects of soil temperature, soil moisture and soil properties were estimated individually, and the magnitudes of these effects in the deciduous and evergreen forests were compared. In the evergreen forest with common brown forest soil, soil properties had the greatest effect on soil respiration rates, followed by soil moisture and soil temperature. These results may be explained by the fact that different soil properties matured within different environments. It can be argued that the low soil respiration rates in the low parts of the slope in the evergreen forest resulted from soil properties and not from wet soil conditions. In the deciduous forest, soil respiration rates were more strongly affected by soil moisture and soil temperature than by soil properties. These effects were likely due to the immaturity of the forest soil.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on topographic variations of soil respiration

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 10935-10961
Author(s):  
K. Tamai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Respiration Rates

Abstract. Soil respiration rates were measured along different parts of a slope in (a) an evergreen forest with mature soil and (b) a deciduous forest with immature soil. The effects of soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil properties on soil respiration rates were estimated individually, and the magnitudes of these effects were compared between the deciduous and evergreen forests. In the evergreen forest with mature soil, soil properties had the greatest effect on soil respiration rates, followed by soil moisture and soil temperature. These results may be explained by different properties of soils that matured under different environments. Thus, we argue that the low soil respiration rates in Plot L of the evergreen forest resulted from soil properties and not from wet soil conditions. In the deciduous forest, soil respiration rates were more strongly affected by soil moisture and soil temperature than by soil properties, which were likely due to the immaturity of the forest soil.

scholarly journals Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical forests and oil palm plantations on mineral soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1559-1575
Author(s):  
Julia Drewer ◽  
Melissa M. Leduning ◽  
Robert I. Griffiths ◽  
Tim Goodall ◽  
Peter E. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Riparian Area ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Abstract. In Southeast Asia, oil palm (OP) plantations have largely replaced tropical forests. The impact of this shift in land use on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remains highly uncertain, mainly due to a relatively small pool of available data. The aim of this study is to quantify differences of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes as well as soil carbon dioxide (CO2) respiration rates from logged forests, oil palm plantations of different ages, and an adjacent small riparian area. Nitrous oxide fluxes are the focus of this study, as these emissions are expected to increase significantly due to the nitrogen (N) fertilizer application in the plantations. This study was conducted in the SAFE (Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems) landscape in Malaysian Borneo (Sabah) with measurements every 2 months over a 2-year period. GHG fluxes were measured by static chambers together with key soil physicochemical parameters and microbial biodiversity. At all sites, N2O fluxes were spatially and temporally highly variable. On average the largest fluxes (incl. 95 % CI) were measured from OP plantations (45.1 (24.0–78.5) µg m−2 h−1 N2O-N), slightly smaller fluxes from the riparian area (29.4 (2.8–84.7) µg m−2 h−1 N2O-N), and the smallest fluxes from logged forests (16.0 (4.0–36.3) µg m−2 h−1 N2O-N). Methane fluxes were generally small (mean ± SD): −2.6 ± 17.2 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1 for OP and 1.3 ± 12.6 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1 for riparian, with the range of measured CH4 fluxes being largest in logged forests (2.2 ± 48.3 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1). Soil respiration rates were larger from riparian areas (157.7 ± 106 mg m−2 h−1 CO2-C) and logged forests (137.4 ± 95 mg m−2 h−1 CO2-C) than OP plantations (93.3 ± 70 mg m−2 h−1 CO2-C) as a result of larger amounts of decomposing leaf litter. Microbial communities were distinctly different between the different land-use types and sites. Bacterial communities were linked to soil pH, and fungal and eukaryotic communities were linked to land use. Despite measuring a large number of environmental parameters, mixed models could only explain up to 17 % of the variance of measured fluxes for N2O, 3 % of CH4, and 25 % of soil respiration. Scaling up measured N2O fluxes to Sabah using land areas for forest and OP resulted in emissions increasing from 7.6 Mt (95 % confidence interval, −3.0–22.3 Mt) yr−1 in 1973 to 11.4 Mt (0.2–28.6 Mt) yr−1 in 2015 due to the increasing area of forest converted to OP plantations over the last ∼ 40 years.

scholarly journals Edaphic microclimate and its influence on soil respiration of mezohemerobic ecosystem in the Upper Dniester Basin

2014 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
T. Partyka ◽  
T. Bedernichek ◽  
Z. Hamkalo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture

The values of the field and hygroscopic moisture, soil temperature under different scenarios of forest and land use have been characterized. The effect of temperature increase on CO2 emission from the soil surface has been investigated. Key words: edaphic climate, CO2 emissions, soil temperature, soil moisture.

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