scholarly journals Neurocognitive and psychiatric markers for addiction: Common vs. specific (endo)phenotypes for opiate and stimulant dependence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Long ◽  
Radka Kaneva ◽  
Georgi Vasilev ◽  
F. Gerard Moeller ◽  
Jasmin Vassileva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Stimulant Dependence

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits as putative addiction endophenotypes among individuals dependent on opiates vs. stimulants is unclear. The present study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for opiate and stimulant dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance-specific.METHODPearson correlations between individuals with ‘pure’ heroin and ‘pure’ amphetamine dependence and their unaffected biological siblings (n = 37 heroin sibling pairs; n = 30 amphetamine sibling pairs) were run on 10 neurocognitive measures, 6 externalizing measures, and 5 internalizing measures. Sibling pair effects were further examined using regression.RESULTSSiblings discordant for heroin dependence were significantly correlated on delay aversion on the Cambridge Gambling Task, risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, sensation seeking, and hopelessness. Siblings discordant for amphetamine dependence were significantly correlated on quality of decision-making on the Cambridge Gambling Task, discriminability on the Immediate Memory Task, commission errors on the Go/No-Go Task, trait impulsivity, ADHD, and anxiety sensitivity.CONCLUSIONSDimensions of impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits appear to aggregate among siblings discordant for substance dependence. Risk-taking propensity, sensation seeking, and hopelessness were specific for heroin sibling pairs. Motor/action impulsivity and trait impulsivity were specific to amphetamine sibling pairs. Decisional/choice impulsivity was common across both heroin and amphetamine sibling pairs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits as candidate endophenotypes for substance dependence in general and for substance-specific dependencies.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-597
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Long ◽  
Radka Kaneva ◽  
Georgi Vasilev ◽  
F. Gerard Moeller ◽  
Jasmin Vassileva
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Background: The differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as putative endophenotypes for dependence on heroin vs. amphetamine is unclear. Objective: This exploratory study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for heroin and amphetamine dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance- specific. Methods: Pearson correlations between individuals with ‘pure’ heroin and amphetamine dependence and their unaffected biological siblings (n = 37 heroin sibling pairs; n = 30 amphetamine sibling pairs) were run on 10 neurocognitive measures, 6 externalizing measures, and 5 internalizing measures. Sibling pair effects were further examined using regression. Results: Siblings discordant for heroin dependence were significantly correlated on delay aversion on the Cambridge Gambling Task, risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, sensation seeking, and hopelessness. Siblings discordant for amphetamine dependence were significantly correlated on the quality of decision-making on the Cambridge Gambling Task, discriminability on the Immediate Memory Task, commission errors on the Go/No Go Task, trait impulsivity, ADHD and anxiety sensitivity. Conclusion: Dimensions of impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits appear to aggregate among siblings discordant for substance dependence. Risk-taking propensity, sensation seeking and hopelessness were specific for heroin sibling pairs. Motor/action impulsivity, trait impulsivity, and anxiety sensitivity were specific to amphetamine sibling pairs. Decisional/choice impulsivity was common across both heroin and amphetamine sibling pairs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as candidate endophenotypes for substance dependence in general and for substance-specific dependencies.

Influence of Impulsivity During Decision-making in Regular Cannabis Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S205-S205
Author(s):  
V. Laprevote ◽  
A.L. Devin ◽  
B. Blanc ◽  
R. Schwan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionRegular cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairments, including impaired decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. The question remains whether the impulsivity measured in regular cannabis users may participate to impaired decision making. Interestingly, the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) is a computerized gambling task allows to differentiate risk taking and impulsivity when making a decision.AimsThis study aims at separately exploring the impact of regular cannabis use on risk taking and impulsivity during decision making process.ObjectivesTo do so, we compared the performance of regular cannabis users and healthy controls during the CGT.MethodsForty-three regular cannabis users (> 7 units/week) with a cannabis use disorder (CUD), 8 non-CUD regular cannabis users and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Decision-making was assessed using the CGT. The following outcomes were considered: Delay aversion score, Overall proportion bet, quality of decision making, risk taking and risk adjustment.ResultsThe analysis on delay aversion score showed a group effect (F = 3.839, P = 0.026) but no effect on other CGT variables. This effect was explained by the fact that cannabis CUD users had a higher delay aversion score than healthy controls and non-CUD cannabis users.ConclusionsIn this study, CUD cannabis users had an increased impulsivity but no increase of risk taking and quality of decision-making. Future work should include the CGT with a clinical scale to evaluate impulsivity and a motor inhibition task to understand if the impairment observed relates to cognitive or motor abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Propensity for risk taking and trait impulsivity in the Iowa Gambling Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Upton ◽  
Anthony J. Bishara ◽  
Woo-Young Ahn ◽  
Julie C. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

scholarly journals Behavioral and Electrophysiological Arguments in Favor of a Relationship between Impulsivity, Risk-Taking, and Success on the Iowa Gambling Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Giustiniani ◽  
Coralie Joucla ◽  
Djamila Bennabi ◽  
Magali Nicolier ◽  
Thibault Chabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Successful Strategy ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity, risk-taking, and decision-making performance. We recruited 20 healthy participants who performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to measure decision-making and risk-taking. The impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Resting-state neural activity was recorded to explore whether brain oscillatory rhythms provide important information about the dispositional trait of impulsivity. We found a significant correlation between the ability to develop a successful strategy and the propensity to take more risks in the first trials of the BART. Risk-taking was negatively correlated with cognitive impulsivity in participants who were unable to develop a successful strategy. Neither risk-taking nor decision-making was correlated with cortical asymmetry. In a more exploratory approach, the group was sub-divided in function of participants’ performances at the IGT. We found that the group who developed a successful strategy at the IGT was more prone to risk, whereas the group who failed showed a greater cognitive impulsivity. These results emphasize the need for individuals to explore their environment to develop a successful strategy in uncertain situations, which may not be possible without taking risks.

Risk taking during decision-making in normal volunteers changes with age

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA DEAKIN ◽  
MICHAEL AITKEN ◽  
TREVOR ROBBINS ◽  
BARBARA J. SAHAKIAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulations

Risk taking in a large cohort of adults (N = 177; ages 17–73) decreased with age, demonstrated by performance on a computer based gambling task, which has previously been shown to be sensitive to certain pharmacological manipulations including tryptophan depletion, lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders such as mania. Aging was also associated with longer deliberation times, poorer decision making, reduced risk taking, but no significant change in delay aversion. Subjects with a higher (NART-estimated) IQ were faster to make decisions and showed a greater modulation of risk-taking. Both sexes showed similar patterns of decision making, although male participants exhibited a greater modulation of risk-taking in response to the probability of winning. The Decision-Gamble task provides a variety of behavioral measures, corresponding to different aspects of impulsivity. Factor analysis of these measures suggested that two independent traits underlies performance on the task in normal individuals: one associated with risk tolerance, and a second associated with delay aversion. Age was related to decreases in the risk tolerance factor, but unrelated to the delay aversion; neither factor was significantly related to verbal IQ. This study thus provides support for the concept that impulsivity can be fractionated into 2 or more components. (JINS, 2004, 10, 590–598.)

Personality factors in risk-taking tendencies on a gambling task

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Togun ◽  
Rebecca L. Robinson ◽  
Daniel S. Levine ◽  
Patrick A. Ramirez ◽  
Chelsea A. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Gambling Task

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

Impulsivity and Aggression: A Meta-analysis Using the UPPS Model of Impulsivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Bresin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Trait impulsivity has long been proposed to play a role in aggression, but the results across studies have been mixed. One possible explanation for the mixed results is that impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and some, but not all, facets are related to aggression. The goal of the current meta-analysis was to determine the relation between the different facets of impulsivity (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and aggression. The results from 93 papers with 105 unique samples (N = 36, 215) showed significant and small-to-medium correlations between each facet of impulsivity and aggression across several different forms of aggression, with more impulsivity being associated with more aggression. Moreover, negative urgency (r = .24, 95% [.18, .29]), positive urgency (r = .34, 95% [.19, .44]), and lack of premeditation (r = .23, 95% [.20, .26]) had significantly stronger associations with aggression than the other scales (rs < .18). Two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that these effects were not due to overlap among facets of impulsivity. These results help advance the field of aggression research by clarifying the role of impulsivity and may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in several disciplines.

Alcohol use in daily life: Examining the role of trait and state impulsivity facets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Timothy J Trull
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

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