Personality factors in risk-taking tendencies on a gambling task

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Togun ◽  
Rebecca L. Robinson ◽  
Daniel S. Levine ◽  
Patrick A. Ramirez ◽  
Chelsea A. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Gambling Task

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

An Analysis of Human Risk Taking in Simulated Occupational Situations

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Jessie C. Fortenberry ◽  
Leo A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manual Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Human risk-taking in simulated occupational situations containing personal injury as a hazard was investigated. The occupational situations of interest are those requiring manual interaction with active machine components within given time constraints. The results of three studies are presented with emphasis on the third study. The first two investigated the relationship between selected personal attributes and subjects1 risk-taking tendencies as described by the maximum probability of failure under which they would accept a risk. The variables of interest in the first study were principally perceptual-motor skills. The second study was directed at the question: Do introverts and extraverts differ in the amount of risk they are willing to take relative to their abilities, and if so, what causes the difference? In the third study, subjects worked in pairs, (one the decision maker, one the performer) under eight conditions of potential gain or loss. Comparisons were made of the risks subjects selected for themselves and the other person. Personality factors which may influence decision making were measured.

Influence of Impulsivity During Decision-making in Regular Cannabis Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S205-S205
Author(s):  
V. Laprevote ◽  
A.L. Devin ◽  
B. Blanc ◽  
R. Schwan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionRegular cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairments, including impaired decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. The question remains whether the impulsivity measured in regular cannabis users may participate to impaired decision making. Interestingly, the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) is a computerized gambling task allows to differentiate risk taking and impulsivity when making a decision.AimsThis study aims at separately exploring the impact of regular cannabis use on risk taking and impulsivity during decision making process.ObjectivesTo do so, we compared the performance of regular cannabis users and healthy controls during the CGT.MethodsForty-three regular cannabis users (> 7 units/week) with a cannabis use disorder (CUD), 8 non-CUD regular cannabis users and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Decision-making was assessed using the CGT. The following outcomes were considered: Delay aversion score, Overall proportion bet, quality of decision making, risk taking and risk adjustment.ResultsThe analysis on delay aversion score showed a group effect (F = 3.839, P = 0.026) but no effect on other CGT variables. This effect was explained by the fact that cannabis CUD users had a higher delay aversion score than healthy controls and non-CUD cannabis users.ConclusionsIn this study, CUD cannabis users had an increased impulsivity but no increase of risk taking and quality of decision-making. Future work should include the CGT with a clinical scale to evaluate impulsivity and a motor inhibition task to understand if the impairment observed relates to cognitive or motor abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A deconstruction of gambling task performance among HIV+ individuals: The differential contributions of problem solving and risk taking

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1036-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Arentoft ◽  
April D. Thames ◽  
Stella Panos ◽  
Sapna Patel ◽  
Charles H. Hinkin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Gambling Task

scholarly journals Propensity for risk taking and trait impulsivity in the Iowa Gambling Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Upton ◽  
Anthony J. Bishara ◽  
Woo-Young Ahn ◽  
Julie C. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior in a Gambling Task Associated with Variations in the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene: Relevance to Psychiatric Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Juhasz ◽  
Darragh Downey ◽  
Neal Hinvest ◽  
Emma Thomas ◽  
Diana Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

scholarly journals Frontotemporal dementia and Iowa Gambling Task: a literature review on decision-making process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Vasconcelos Felippe ◽  
Eduardo Sales Loureiro ◽  
Ana Luiza Cotta Mourão Guimarães ◽  
Anna Carolina Dockhorn de Menezes Carvalho Costa ◽  
Mariana Lacerda Reis Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Gambling Task

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FDT) is related to memory and behavioral changes. There are variants in which the damage is more pronounced in one cognitive domain. Among the behavioral changes is the decision-making process. To evaluate this skill executive function tests are used, such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Objectives: Analyze the correlation between Iowa Gambling Task and decision- making process in patients with FDT. Methods: A review was conducted on PubMed, using the key words “Iowa Gambling Task AND Frontotemporal Dementia”, resulting in 4 papers. From those, 3 were included. Results: In Gleichgerrcht et al. (2012) IGT was used as a parameter to investigate risk taking on the decision-making process in patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and its subtypes (PPA is frequently associated with FTD) versus subjects with behavioral variant from FTD (bvFTD). PPA subjects had no improvement throughout the task, proving that there is an impairment in decision-making. The bvFTD group progression showed that this group has a tendency to choose risky behaviors, suggesting an inability to foresee negative outcomes. In Girardi, MacPherson & Abrahams (2011) the frontal variant was analyzed in subjects with ALS and had similar results, showing also a failure to learn how to avoid disadvantageous choices. Torralva et al. (2017) analyzed the results on subjects with the frontal variant in which the results were consistent with the previous studies analyzed in this review. Conclusion: In patients with FTD, the IGT proves that a cognitive impairment in the decision-making and risk-taking process is present.

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