scholarly journals Description of Cranial Elements and Ontogenetic Change within Tropidolaemus wagleri (Serpentes: Crotalinae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reference Specimen ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Osteological Characters

AbstractTropidolaemus wagleri is a species of Asian pitviper with a geographic range including Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Bruniei, parts of Indonesia, and the Philippines. Tropidolaemus is a member of the Crotalinae subfamily, within Viperidae. The genus Tropidolaemus includes five species, and was once included within the genus Trimeresurus. While some osteologic characteristics have been noted a comprehensive description of cranial elements has not been produced for T. wagleri. An in-depth description of the cranial skeleton of Tropidolaemus wagleri lays the foundation for future projects to compare and contrast other taxa within Crotalinae and Viperidae. The chosen reference specimen was compared to the presumed younger specimens to note any variation in ontogeny. The study here provides a comprehensive description of isolated cranial elements as well as a description of ontogenetic change within the specimens observed. This study contributes to the knowledge of osteological characters in T. wagleri and provides a foundation for a long term project to identify isolated elements in the fossil record.

scholarly journals Successful Implementation of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobin Disorders in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Carmencita D. Padilla ◽  
Bradford L. Therrell ◽  
Maria Melanie Liberty B. Alcausin ◽  
Reynaldo C. de Castro ◽  
Maria Beatriz P. Gepte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Confirmatory Testing ◽  
Newborn Bloodspot Screening

The Philippine newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) program began in 1996 with 24 hospitals and was formalized by legislation in 2004. The NBS panel was recently expanded to include a number of additional hereditary congenital conditions. Expertise and experiences from other NBS programs already screening for hemoglobinopathies were essential to its successful integration into the ongoing dried bloodspot NBS program in the Philippines. Building on clinical experiences and population data from Filipinos born in California, USA, hemoglobinopathies (including thalassemias) were selected for inclusion in the expanded screening panel. Hemoglobinopathy NBS, using high performance liquid chromatography, was implemented in a stepwise manner into the seven regional NBS screening laboratories. A central university laboratory provides confirmatory testing using both capillary electrophoresis and molecular methodologies. NBS results indicating carriers are followed up with educational fact sheets, while results of presumptive disease are referred for confirmatory testing and follow-up with a hematologist. Long-term care is provided through newborn screening continuity clinics across the country. Hemoglobinopathy NBS is now included in the national insurance package and screening uptake continues to increase nationally, exceeding 90% of all newborns in 7400+ hospitals and birthing centers nationwide prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Language competence, identity construction and discursive boundary-making: Distancing and alignment in domestic migrant worker narratives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (262) ◽  
pp. 97-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Ladegaard
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Boundary Making

AbstractMany people in developing countries are faced with a dilemma. If they stay at home, their children are kept in poverty with no prospects of a better future; if they become migrant workers, they will suffer long-term separation from their families. This article focuses on one of the weakest groups in the global economy: domestic migrant workers. It draws on a corpus of more than 400 narratives recorded at a church shelter in Hong Kong and among migrant worker returnees in rural Indonesia and the Philippines. In sharing sessions, migrant women share their experiences of working for abusive employers, and the article analyses how language is used to include and exclude. The women tell how their employers construct them as “incompetent” and “stupid” because they do not speak Chinese. However, faced by repression and marginalisation, the women use their superior English language skills to get back at their employers and momentarily gain the upper hand. Drawing on ideologies of language as the theoretical concept, the article provides a discourse analysis of selected excerpts focusing on language competence and identity construction.

Fossil Record of Parasitism on Marine Invertebrates with Special Emphasis on the Platyceratid-Crinoid Interaction

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Baumiller ◽  
Forest J. Gahn
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Diversity ◽  
Parasitic Interactions ◽  
Explicit Criteria ◽  
Lower Frequencies

The paleontological literature on marine invertebrates is rich in supposed examples of parasitism and our tabulation shows a nearly even distribution of reported cases through the post-Cambrian Phanerozoic. Slightly lower frequencies characterize the Triassic and Jurassic and higher frequencies the Cretaceous and Tertiary, and the pattern roughly mirrors Sepkoski's (1984) marine diversity curve. The total number of parasitic associations for any geologic period rarely exceeds a dozen, yet few of the reported examples provide explicit criteria distinguishing parasitism from predation, commensalism, or mutualism. We evaluated the published examples using the following criteria: (1) evidence of a long-term relationship between two organisms, (2) benefit of interaction to supposed parasite, and (3) detriment of interaction to the host We found that only in exceptional cases were these criteria fulfilled. One example that provides much information on parasitic interactions involves platyceratids and crinoids and we summarize the evidence for the parasitic interaction between these two groups of organisms.

scholarly journals The effects of geographic range size and abundance on extinction during a time of “sluggish”’ evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Casey ◽  
Erin E. Saupe ◽  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Habitat Tracking

Abstract Geographic range size and abundance are important determinants of extinction risk in fossil and extant taxa. However, the relationship between these variables and extinction risk has not been tested extensively during evolutionarily “quiescent” times of low extinction and speciation in the fossil record. Here we examine the influence of geographic range size and abundance on extinction risk during the late Paleozoic (Mississippian–Permian), a time of “sluggish” evolution when global rates of origination and extinction were roughly half those of other Paleozoic intervals. Analyses used spatiotemporal occurrences for 164 brachiopod species from the North American midcontinent. We found abundance to be a better predictor of extinction risk than measures of geographic range size. Moreover, species exhibited reductions in abundance before their extinction but did not display contractions in geographic range size. The weak relationship between geographic range size and extinction in this time and place may reflect the relative preponderance of larger-ranged taxa combined with the physiographic conditions of the region that allowed for easy habitat tracking that dampened both extinction and speciation. These conditions led to a prolonged period (19–25 Myr) during which standard macroevolutionary rules did not apply.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LIBERALISASI ARUS MODAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI ASEAN-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Devilia Sitorus ◽  
Crisanty Sutristyaningtyas Titik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Partial Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Model ◽  
Partial Adjustment Model ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study aims to examine the relationship between capital flow liberalization and economic growth in ASEAN-5. This research is a quantitative study that uses data: GDP, Gross Capital Formation, financial disclosure seen from the Chinn-Ito index for the period 2000-2017 in 5 ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Data were processed using panel data regression analysis and specifically for Indonesia, Partial Adjustment Model (PAM) regression was performed. The results of this study indicate that financial openness seen from the Chinn-Ito index has a negative and significant influence on the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries. Capital flows have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries. Meanwhile, the PAM (Partial Adjustment Model) regression model shows that capital flows have a positive and significant influence on Indonesia's economic growth both in the short and long term, while financial openness has a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth both in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Tracking interspecies transmission and long-term evolution of an ancient retrovirus using the genomes of modern mammals

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Diehl ◽  
Nirali Patel ◽  
Kate Halm ◽  
Welkin E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Retroviral Infections

Mammalian genomes typically contain hundreds of thousands of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), derived from ancient retroviral infections. Using this molecular 'fossil' record, we reconstructed the natural history of a specific retrovirus lineage (ERV-Fc) that disseminated widely between ~33 and ~15 million years ago, corresponding to the Oligocene and early Miocene epochs. Intercontinental viral spread, numerous instances of interspecies transmission and emergence in hosts representing at least 11 mammalian orders, and a significant role for recombination in diversification of this viral lineage were also revealed. By reconstructing the canonical retroviral genes, we identified patterns of adaptation consistent with selection to maintain essential viral protein functions. Our results demonstrate the unique potential of the ERV fossil record for studying the processes of viral spread and emergence as they play out across macro-evolutionary timescales, such that looking back in time may prove insightful for predicting the long-term consequences of newly emerging viral infections.

scholarly journals Seasonal march patterns of the summer rainy season in the Philippines and their long-term variability since the late twentieth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Akasaka ◽  
Hisayuki Kubota ◽  
Jun Matsumoto ◽  
Esperanza O. Cayanan ◽  
Rosalina G. de Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Seasonal March

scholarly journals Adding fossil occupancy trajectories to the assessment of modern extinction risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 20150813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kiessling ◽  
Ádám T. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Latent Extinction ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Temporal Trajectory

Besides helping to identify species traits that are commonly linked to extinction risk, the fossil record may also be directly relevant for assessing the extinction risk of extant species. Standing geographical distribution or occupancy is a strong predictor of both recent and past extinction risk, but the role of changes in occupancy is less widely assessed. Here we demonstrate, based on the Cenozoic fossil record of marine species, that both occupancy and its temporal trajectory are significant determinants of risk. Based on extinct species we develop a model on the additive and interacting effects of occupancy and its temporal changes on extinction risk. We use this model to predict extinction risk of extant species. The predictions suggest a moderate risk for marine species on average. However, some species seem to be on a long-term decline and potentially at a latent extinction risk, which is not considered in current risk assessments.

Systematics and phylogeography of the Australasian mangrove crabs Parasesarma semperi and P. longicristatum (Decapoda : Brachyura : Sesarmidae) based on morphological and molecular data

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Shahdadi ◽  
Peter J. F. Davie ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Crabs ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Parasesarma semperi (Bürger, 1893) was first described from Bohol in the Philippines and is considered to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Parasesarma longicristatum (Campbell, 1967) was originally described as a subspecies of P. semperi from Queensland, Australia, and later recognised as a full species. In this study, we re-examine specimens of the two species from across their entire geographic range using genetic markers, a morphometric analysis, and traditional morphological characters. Previous taxonomic species diagnoses were found to be unreliable, but morphometric principle component analyses consistently separate the two species, with the length to width ratio of the propodus of the fourth pereiopod being of particular importance. Genetic data corresponding to the mitochondrial genes COI, ND1 and 16S confirmed a close sister relationship between the two species, forming reciprocally monophyletic groups. Both species have high haplotype diversities and high intraspecific gene flow.

Paleolimnology in Deep Time: The Evolution of Lacustrine Ecosystems

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Lake Basins ◽  
Lake Beds

Most lakes are geologically ephemeral; even the longest-lived individual lakes persist only for tens of millions of years. However there is a continuity to lake systems that transcends the geologically short history of individual lake basins. This continuity comes from the long-term biological evolution of life in freshwater, and fittingly, forms the final subject of this treatment of paleolimnology. Like the oceans, lakes have provided habitats for living organisms for most of the earth’s history. Yet the patterns of aquatic ecosystem evolution in rivers and lakes have differed dramatically from those of the oceans. In large part this can be traced to the fundamentally ephemeral nature of most continental aquatic habitats and the ‘‘disconnectedness’’ in both time and space that exists between individual lakes and rivers compared with the world ocean. This pattern of temporal and spatial patchiness in water body distribution on the continents has shaped the evolution of lacustrine species and communities. Some understanding of this history can be gleaned from the study of modern ecology and molecular genetics of living freshwater organisms. But to understand long-term trends in lacustrine biodiversity and their relationship to the history of the lacustrine environment we must turn to the pre- Quaternary fossil record. Understanding this history, the timing and tempo of major species diversification and extinction events, and the evolution of key ecological innovations is critical for correctly interpreting ancient lake deposits. The fossil record of pre-Quaternary lakes is more difficult to interpret than that of more recent lake basins. Robust phylogenies are largely unavailable for clades of ancient lacustrine fossils, hindering our ability to test hypotheses of evolutionary ecology, although that situation hopefully will improve in coming years. Many major clades of fossil lacustrine organisms are extinct, and ecologies must be inferred from their depositional context. Even for organisms that have close-living relatives, our certainty in making inferences about habitat and relationship with other species weakens as we go back in time. Also the record we have to work with deteriorates with age, the result of (a) a declining volume of lake beds available for study with increasing age, (b) difficulties associated with processing lithified lake beds for their fossil content, and (c) an increasing likelihood of destruction by diagenesis with increasing age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document