scholarly journals The dynamics of spawning acts by a semelparous fish and its associated energetic costs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Tentelier ◽  
Colin Bouchard ◽  
Anaïs Bernardin ◽  
Amandine Tauzin ◽  
Jean-Christophe Aymes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
List Type ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa ◽  
Axial Acceleration ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractDuring the reproductive season, animals have to manage both their energetic budget and gamete stock. In particular, for semelparous capital breeders with determinate fecundity and no parental care other than gametic investment, the depletion of energetic stock must match the depletion of gametic stock, so that individuals get exhausted just after their last egg is laid and fertilized. Although these budgets are managed continuously, monitoring the dynamics of mating acts and energy expenditure at a fine temporal scale in the wild is challenging.This study aimed to quantify the individual dynamics of spawning acts and the concomitant energy expenditure of female Allis shad (Alosa alosa) throughout their mating season.Using eight individual-borne accelerometers for one month, we collected tri-axial acceleration, temperature, and pressure data that we analysed to i) detect the timing of spawning acts, ii) estimate energy expenditure from tail beat frequency and water temperature, and iii) monitor changes in body roundness from the position of the dorsally-mounted tag relative to the vertical plane.Female shad had a higher probability to spawn during warmer nights, and their spawning acts were synchronized (both individually and inter-individually) within each active night. They experienced warmer temperature, remained deeper, swan more slowly and spent less energy during daytime than night time. Over one month of spawning, they performed on average 15.75 spawning acts, spent on average 6 277 kJ and died with a significant portion of residual oocytes. The acceleration-based indicator of body roundness was correlated to condition coefficient measured at capture, and globally decreased through the spawning season, although the indicator was noisy and was not correlated to changes in estimated energy expenditure.Despite significant individual variability, our results indicate that female shad exhausted their energetic stock faster than their egg stock. Water warming will increase the rate of energy expenditure, which might increase the risk that shad die with a large stock of unspent eggs. Although perfectible, the three complementary analyses of acceleration data are promising for in situ monitoring of energy expenditure related to specific behaviour.

Marine and continental distribution and dynamic of the early spawning migration of twaite shad (Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803)) and allis shad (Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Nachón ◽  
M. Mota ◽  
C. Antunes ◽  
M. J. Servia ◽  
F. Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa ◽  
Twaite Shad ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Alosa Fallax

Knowledge regarding the marine phase of twaite shad (Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803)) and allis shad (Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)) remains limited. To understand the coastal and continental distribution and dynamic of migration of these species, in the present study we collected official data records of marine landings (kg), separated according to species, for all fish markets in Galicia (north-west of the Iberian Peninsula) and undertook freshwater field sampling campaigns. The findings indicate that both species of shad exhibit a coastal distribution near the rivers where they spawn, namely the Minho and Ulla rivers. Catches at sea declined from January, a phenomenon that can be understood as the onset of migration to the rivers. Bycatch reports are important because both A. fallax and A. alosa are listed in the Annex V of the European Union Habitats Directive, which lists animal species whose exploitation and taking in the wild may be subject to management measures. However, for a better management of these species it is necessary to understand the magnitude of displacements and connection of shad populations at sea.

First evidence of natural reproduction of the Allis shad Alosa alosa in the River Rhine following re-introduction measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hundt ◽  
A. Scharbert ◽  
U. Weibel ◽  
G. Kuhn ◽  
K. Metzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Rhine ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa ◽  
Natural Reproduction

scholarly journals Managing asthma in pregnancy

Breathe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Exacerbation Rate ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

Asthma is a common comorbidity during pregnancy and its prevalence is increasing in the community. Exacerbations are a major clinical problem during pregnancy with up to 45% of women needing to seek medical help, resulting in poor outcomes for mothers and their babies, including low birth weight and preterm delivery. The goals of effective asthma management in pregnancy are to maintain the best possible asthma control and prevent exacerbations. This is achieved by aiming to prevent day- and night-time symptoms, and maintain lung function and normal activity. In addition, maintaining fetal oxygenation is an important consideration in pregnancy. Guidelines recommend providing asthma advice and review prior to conception, and managing asthma actively during pregnancy, with regular 4-weekly review, provision of a written action plan, use of preventer medications as indicated for other adults with asthma, and management of comorbid conditions such as rhinitis.Improvements have been made in recent years in emergency department management of asthma in pregnancy, and multidisciplinary approaches are being proposed to optimise both asthma outcomes and perinatal outcomes. One strategy that has demonstrated success in reducing exacerbations in pregnancy is treatment adjustment using a marker of eosinophilic lung inflammation, the exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO). The use of an algorithm that adjusted inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) according toFeNOand added long-acting β-agonists when symptoms remained uncontrolled resulted in fewer exacerbations, more women on ICS but at lower mean doses, and improved infant respiratory health at 12 months of age. Further evidence is needed to determine whether this strategy can also improve perinatal outcomes and be successfully translated into clinical practice.Key pointsAsthma is the most common chronic disease to affect pregnant women.Exacerbations occur in up to 45% of pregnant women with asthma.Asthma should be managed during pregnancy as for other adults.Treatment adjustment using a marker of airway inflammation reduces the exacerbation rate in pregnancy.Educational aimsTo identify the goals of and steps associated with effective asthma management in pregnancy.To understand the maternal and perinatal risks associated with asthma during pregnancy.To describe a management strategy that has been shown to reduce exacerbations in pregnant women with asthma.

scholarly journals A decision-time account of individual variability in context-dependent orientation estimation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Dekel ◽  
Dov Sagi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tilt Aftereffect ◽  
Context Dependent

AbstractFollowing exposure to an oriented stimulus, the perceived orientation is slightly shifted, a phenomenon termed the tilt aftereffect (TAE). This estimation bias, as well as other context-dependent biases, is speculated to reflect statistical mechanisms of inference that optimize visual processing. Importantly, although measured biases are extremely robust in the population, the magnitude of individual bias can be extremely variable. For example, measuring different individuals may result in TAE magnitudes that differ by a factor of 5. Such findings appear to challenge the accounts of bias in terms of learned statistics: is inference so different across individuals? Here, we found that a strong correlation exists between reaction time and TAE, with slower individuals having much less TAE. In the tilt illusion, the spatial analogue of the TAE, we found a similar, though weaker, correlation. These findings can be explained by a theory predicting that bias, caused by a change in the initial conditions of evidence accumulation (e.g., prior), decreases with decision time (Dekel & Sagi, 2019b). We contend that the context-dependence of visual processing is more homogeneous in the population than was previously thought, with the measured variability of perceptual bias explained, at least in part, by the flexibility of decision-making. Homogeneity in processing might reflect the similarity of the learned statistics.HighlightsThe tilt aftereffect (TAE) exhibits large individual differences.Reduced TAE magnitudes are found in slower individuals.Reduced TAE in slower decisions can be explained by the reduced influence of prior.Therefore, individual variability can reflect decision making flexibility.

scholarly journals Fishers’ knowledge on historical changes and conservation of Allis shad -Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) in Minho River, Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 102094
Author(s):  
Heitor O. Braga ◽  
Mariana G. Bender ◽  
Henrique M.F. Oliveira ◽  
Mário J. Pereira ◽  
Ulisses M. Azeiteiro
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa ◽  
Minho River

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure of Incubating Leach's Storm-petrels in Artificial Nestboxes in the Wild

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Yasuaki NIIZUMA ◽  
Akinori TAKAHASHI ◽  
Yutaka WATANUKI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
In The Wild

Determining energy expenditure in preterm infants: comparison of 2H(2)18O method and indirect calorimetry

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R685-R692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Jensen ◽  
N. F. Butte ◽  
W. W. Wong ◽  
J. K. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Turnover Rates

The doubly labeled water (2H(2)18O) method used to estimate total energy expenditure (EETotal) is particularly sensitive to analytic error in preterm infants, because of their high percentage of body water and the high ratio of water flux to CO2 production. To evaluate further use of this method, the EE of 12 preterm infants was measured by indirect calorimetry and 2H(2)18O simultaneously and continuously for 5 days. Initial infant weight, age, and postconceptional age were (means +/- SD) 1,674 +/- 173 g, 4.4 +/- 2.6 wk, and 34.6 +/- 1.6 wk, respectively. The indirect calorimeter system included an air-temperature-controlled chamber and heart rate monitor. EE was measured by indirect calorimetry for 85.6 +/- 4.7% of study time and estimated from the linear regression of heart rate on EE for 14.4 +/- 4.7% of study time. The 2H(2)18O method entailed an initial dose of 100 mg 2H2O and 250 mg 18O/kg and a final dose of 75 mg 18O/kg; urine was collected twice daily. 2H and 18O enrichments were measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. EE was calculated from measured 2H and 18O dilution spaces (NH, NO), turnover rates (kH, kO), and measured respiratory quotient. The ratio of 2H to 18O dilution spaces was 1.01 +/- 0.01 and the ratio of kO to kH was 1.16 +/- 0.04. Estimation of EE from 2H(2)18O and indirect calorimetry agreed within 1%, although individual variability in methods was large.

scholarly journals FEEDING HABITS AND CONDITION OF TWO LANDLOCKED POPULATIONS OF ALLIS SHAD (ALOSA ALOSA) IN PORTUGAL.

2001 ◽  
pp. 823-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. CORREIA ◽  
J. L. COSTA ◽  
C. TEIXEIRA ◽  
P. R. ALMEIDA ◽  
I. DOMINGOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa

Tolerance of young allis shad Alosa alosa (Clupeidae) to oxy‐thermic stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Baumann ◽  
Joanna Vega ◽  
Joris Philip ◽  
Fabien Polese ◽  
Fabrice Vétillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa

Electrophoretic identity between allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.), and twaite shad, A.fallax (Lacepede)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boisneau ◽  
C. Mennesson-Boisneau ◽  
R. Guyomard
Keyword(s):  
Allis Shad ◽  
Alosa Alosa ◽  
Twaite Shad
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