scholarly journals Environment and HSP90 modulate MAPK stomatal developmental pathway

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Samakovli ◽  
Tereza Tichá ◽  
Miroslav Ovečka ◽  
Ivan Luptovčiak ◽  
Veronika Zapletalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution ◽  
Shock Proteins

ABSTRACTStomatal ontogenesis is a key element of plant adaptation aiming to control photosynthetic efficiency and water management under fluctuating environments 1,2,3. Development of stomata is guided by endogenous and environmental cues and is tightly coupled to overall plant growth 1,2,3. YODA signaling pathway is essential to stomatal lineage specification4,5,6 since it regulates the activities of transcription factors such as SPEECHLESS (SPCH)7,8,9,10. Heat-shock proteins 90 (HSP90s) are evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones implicated in a broad range of signalling pathways being integrated in interaction networks with client proteins11,12,13,14. Herein, based on genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cell biological evidence we report that heat-stress conditions affect phosphorylation and deactivation of SPCH and modulate stomatal density. We show that genetic and physical interactions between HSP90s and YODA control stomatal patterning, distribution and morphology. We provide solid evidence that HSP90s play a major role in transducing the heat-stress response since they act upstream and downstream of YODA signalling, regulate the activity and nucleocytoplasmic distribution of MAPKs, and the activation of SPCH. Thus, HSPs control the stomatal development both under normal temperature and acute heat-stress conditions. Our results demonstrate that HSP90s couple stomatal formation and patterning to environmental cues providing an adaptive mechanism of heat-stress tolerance response and stomatal formation in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals 209 Effects of heat stress on the intestinal tract of poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Marcos Rostagnos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Animal Production System

Abstract Stress is a biological adaptive response to restore homeostasis, and occurs in every animal production system, due to the multitude of stressors present in every farm. Heat stress is one of the most common environmental challenges to poultry worldwide. It has been demonstrated that heat stress negatively impacts the welfare and productivity of broilers and laying hens. However, our knowledge of basic mechanisms associated to the reported effects, as well as related to poultry behavior and welfare under heat stress conditions is in fact scarce. The adaptive response of poultry to a heat stress situation is complex and intricate in nature, and it includes effects on the intestinal tract. Intervention strategies to deal with heat stress conditions (e.g., management practices, feed additives, diet formulation, and others) have been the focus of most published studies. Nevertheless, effectiveness of most of the interventions has been variable or inconsistent. This review focuses on the scientific evidence available on the effects of the heat stress response on different facets of the intestinal tract of poultry, including its integrity, physiology, immunology and microbiology.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Heat-Stress-Responsive Microgametogenesis Genes in Tomato and Sorghum - A Feasibility Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Firon ◽  
Prem Chourey ◽  
Etan Pressman ◽  
Allen Hartwell ◽  
Kenneth J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Close Sequence ◽  
Shock Proteins

Exposure to higher than optimal temperatures - heat-stress (HS) - is becoming increasingly common to all crop plants worldwide. Heat stress coinciding with microgametogenesis, especially during the post-meiotic phase that is marked by starch biosynthesis, is often associated with starch-deficient pollen and male sterility and ultimately, greatly reduced crop yields. The molecular basis for the high sensitivity of developing pollen grains, on one hand, and factors involved in pollen heat-tolerance, on the other, is poorly understood. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes that control pollen quality under heat-stress conditions. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) Determination of the threshold heat stress temperature(s) that affects tomato and sorghum pollen quality whether: a) Chronic mild heat stress conditions (CMHS), or b) Acute heat stress (AHS). (2) Isolation of heat-responsive, microgametogenesis-specific sequences. During our one-year feasibility project, we have accomplished the proposed objectives as follows: Objectrive 1: We have determined the threshold HS conditions in tomato and sorghum. This was essential for achieving the 2nd objective, since our accumulated experience (both Israeli and US labs) indicate that when temperature is raised too high above "threshold HS levels" it may cause massive death of the developing pollen grains. Above-threshold conditions have additional major disadvantages including the "noise" caused by induced expression of genes involved in cell death and masking of the differences between heatsensitive and heat-tolerant pollen grains. Two different types of HS conditions were determined: a) Season-long CMHS conditions: 32/26°C day/night temperatures confirmed in tomato and 36/26°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures in sorghum. b) Short-term AHS: In tomato, 2 hour exposure to 42-45°C (at 7 to 3 days before anthesis) followed by transfer to 28/22±2oC day/night temperatures until flower opening and pollen maturation, caused 50% reduced germinating pollen in the heat-sensitive 3017 cv.. In sorghum, 36/26°C day/night temperatures 10 to 5 days prior to panicle emergence, occurring at 35 days after sowing (DAS) in cv. DeKalb28E, produced starch-deficient and sterile pollen. Objective 2: We have established protocols for the high throughput transcriptomic approach, cDNA-AFLP, for identifying and isolating genes exhibiting differential expression in developing microspores exposed to either ambient or HS conditions and created a databank of HS-responsivemicrogametogenesis-expressed genes. A subset of differentially displayed Transcript-Derived Fragments (TDFs) that were cloned and sequenced (35 & 23 TDFs in tomato and sorghum, respectively) show close sequence similarities with metabolic genes, genes involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, genes implicated in thermotolerance (heat shock proteins), genes involved in long chain fatty acids elongation, genes involved in proteolysis, in oxidation-reduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cell division and transcription factors. T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutants for part of these genes were obtained to be used for their functional analysis. These studies are planned for a continuation project. Following functional analyses of these genes under HS – a valuable resource of genes, engaged in the HS-response of developing pollen grains, that could be modulated for the improvement of pollen quality under HS in both dicots and monocots and/or used to look for natural variability of such genes for selecting heat-tolerant germplasm - is expected.

scholarly journals Modulation of Heat-Shock Proteins Mediates Chicken Cell Survival against Thermal Stress

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Abdelrazeq M. Shehata ◽  
Islam M. Saadeldin ◽  
Hammed A. Tukur ◽  
Walid S. Habashy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chicken Cell ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat stress is one of the most challenging environmental stresses affecting domestic animal production, particularly commercial poultry, subsequently causing severe yearly economic losses. Heat stress, a major source of oxidative stress, stimulates mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell dysfunction, leading to cell damage and apoptosis. Cell survival under stress conditions needs urgent response mechanisms and the consequent effective reinitiation of cell functions following stress mitigation. Exposure of cells to heat-stress conditions induces molecules that are ready for mediating cell death and survival signals, and for supporting the cell’s tolerance and/or recovery from damage. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) confer cell protection against heat stress via different mechanisms, including developing thermotolerance, modulating apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and regulating cellular redox conditions. These functions mainly depend on the capacity of HSPs to work as molecular chaperones and to inhibit the aggregation of non-native and misfolded proteins. This review sheds light on the key factors in heat-shock responses for protection against cell damage induced by heat stress in chicken.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of HSP90 Gene Family Reveals Involvement of HSP90, GRP94, and Not TRAP1 in Heat Stress Response in Chlamys farreri

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Haitao Yu ◽  
Zujing Yang ◽  
Mingyi Sui ◽  
Chang Cui ◽  
Yuqing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Chlamys Farreri ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Nerve Signal ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90s) are a class of ubiquitous, highly conserved, and multi-functional molecular chaperones present in all living organisms. They assist protein folding processes to form functional proteins. In the present study, three HSP90 genes, CfHSP90, CfGRP94 and CfTRAP1, were successfully identified in the genome of Chlamys farreri. The length of CfHSP90, CfGRP94 and CfTRAP1 were 7211 bp, 26457 bp, and 28699 bp, each containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 2181 bp, 2397 bp, and 2181bp, and encoding proteins of 726, 798, and 726 amino acids, respectively. A transcriptomic database demonstrated that CfHSP90 and CfGRP94 were the primary functional executors with high expression during larval development and in adult tissues, while CfTRAP1 expression was low. Furthermore, all of the three CfHSP90s showed higher expression in gonads and ganglia as compared with other tissues, which indicated their probable involvement in gametogenesis and nerve signal transmission in C. farreri. In addition, under heat stress, the expressions of CfHSP90 and CfGRP94 were significantly up-regulated in the mantle, gill, and blood, but not in the heart. Nevertheless, the expression of CfTRAP1 did not change significantly in the four tested tissues. Taken together, in coping with heat stress, CfHSP90 and CfGRP94 could help correct protein folding or salvage damaged proteins for cell homeostasis in C. farreri. Collectively, a comprehensive analysis of CfHSP90s in C. farreri was conducted. The study indicates the functional diversity of CfHSP90s in growth, development, and environmental response, and our findings may have implications for the subsequent in-depth exploration of HSP90s in invertebrates.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Basis for Differential Thermosensitivity of Seedlings of Various Tomato Genotypes

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Yangjie Hu ◽  
Sotirios Fragkostefanakis ◽  
Enrico Schleiff ◽  
Stefan Simm
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Transcriptional reprograming after the exposure of plants to elevated temperatures is a hallmark of stress response which is required for the manifestation of thermotolerance. Central transcription factors regulate the stress survival and recovery mechanisms and many of the core responses controlled by these factors are well described. In turn, pathways and specific genes contributing to variations in the thermotolerance capacity even among closely related plant genotypes are not well defined. A seedling-based assay was developed to directly compare the growth and transcriptome response to heat stress in four tomato genotypes with contrasting thermotolerance. The conserved and the genotype-specific alterations of mRNA abundance in response to heat stress were monitored after exposure to three different temperatures. The transcripts of the majority of genes behave similarly in all genotypes, including the majority of heat stress transcription factors and heat shock proteins, but also genes involved in photosynthesis and mitochondrial ATP production. In turn, genes involved in hormone and RNA-based regulation, such as auxin- and ethylene-related genes, or transcription factors like HsfA6b, show a differential regulation that associates with the thermotolerance pattern. Our results provide an inventory of genes likely involved in core and genotype-dependent heat stress response mechanisms with putative role in thermotolerance in tomato seedlings.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of Hsp70/110 genes in rainbow trout and their regulated expression in response to heat stress

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10022
Author(s):  
Fang Ma ◽  
Lintong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in many biological processes. However, as a typical cold water fish, the systematic identification of Hsp70/110 gene family of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has not been reported, and the role of Hsp70/110 gene in the evolution of rainbow trout has not been described systematically. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the Hsp70/110 gene family of rainbow trout. A total of 16 hsp70/110 genes were identified and classified into ten subgroups. The 16 Hsp70/110 genes were all distributed on chromosomes 2, 4, 8 and 13. The molecular weight is ranged from 78.93 to 91.39 kD. Gene structure and motif composition are relatively conserved in each subgroup. According to RNA-seq analysis of rainbow trout liver and head kidney, a total of four out of 16 genes were significantly upregulated in liver under heat stress, and a total of seven out of 16 genes were significantly upregulated in head kidney. RT-qPCR was carried out on these gene, and the result were consistent with those of RNA-seq. The significantly regulated expressions of Hsp70/110 genes under heat stress indicats that Hsp70/110 genes are involved in heat stress response in rainbow trout. This systematic analysis provided valuable information about the diverse roles of Hsp70/110 in the evolution of teleost, which will contribute to the functional characterization of Hsp70/110 genes in further research.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcripts Analyses Reveal the Mechanism by Which Melatonin Alleviates Heat Stress in Chrysanthemum Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xing ◽  
Yurong Ding ◽  
Jinyu Jin ◽  
Aiping Song ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat stress limits the growth and development of chrysanthemum seedlings. Although melatonin (MT) has been linked to the heat stress response in plants, research on the underlying molecular mechanisms is scarce. In this study, the regulatory networks of MT on heat stress in chrysanthemum seedlings were explored. Physiological measurements suggested that MT not only reduced malondialdehyde accumulation, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion free radical generation rate, but also significantly promoted osmotic regulation substance synthesis (proline and soluble protein), antioxidant accumulation (GSH and AsA), and the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) in chrysanthemum leaves under heat stress. Furthermore, MT increased the fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and gas exchange indexes. Further, RNA-seq results revealed 33,497 and 36,740 differentially expressed genes in the S/Con and SMT/ConMT comparisons, respectively. The differences in the comparisons revealed that MT regulated heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), and the genes involved in Ca2+ signal transduction (CNGCs and CAM/CMLs), starch and sucrose metabolism (EDGL, BGLU, SuS, and SPS), hormone (PP2Cs, AUX/IAAs, EBFs, and MYC2), chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA and PORA), flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, DFR, and FNS), and carotenoid biosynthesis (DXPS, GGDP, and PSY). MT effectively improved chrysanthemum seedling heat-resistance. Our study, thus, provides novel evidence of a gene network regulated by MT under heat stress.

Heat Stress-Induced DNA Damage

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Kantidze ◽  
A. K. Velichko ◽  
A. V. Luzhin ◽  
S. V. Razin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Shock Proteins

Although the heat-stress response has been extensively studied for decades, very little is known about its effects on nucleic acids and nucleic acid-associated processes. This is due to the fact that the research has focused on the study of heat shock proteins and factors (HSPs and HSFs), their involvement in the regulation of transcription, protein homeostasis, etc. Recently, there has been some progress in the study of heat stress effects on DNA integrity. In this review, we summarize and discuss well-known and potential mechanisms of formation of various heat stress-induced DNA damage.

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