scholarly journals Rapid and Repeated Local Adaptation to Climate in an Invasive Plant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte A. van Boheemen ◽  
Daniel Z. Atwater ◽  
Kathryn A. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Trait Divergence ◽  
Climate Niche

SUMMARYBiological invasions provide opportunities to study evolutionary processes occurring over contemporary timescales. To explore the speed and repeatability of adaptation, we examined the divergence of life-history traits to climate, using latitude as a proxy, in the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges of the annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia.We explored niche changes following introductions using climate niche dynamic models. In a common garden, we examined trait divergence by growing seeds collected across three ranges with highly distinct demographic histories. Heterozygosity-fitness associations were used to explore the effect of invasion history on potential success. We accounted for non-adaptive population differentiation using 11,598 SNPs.We revealed a centroid shift to warmer, wetter climates in the introduced ranges. We identified repeated latitudinal divergence in life-history traits, with European and Australian populations positioned at either end of the native clines.Our data indicate rapid and repeated adaptation to local climates despite the recent introductions and a bottleneck limiting genetic variation in Australia. Centroid shifts in the introduced ranges suggest adaptation to more productive environments, potentially contributing to trait divergence between the ranges.

scholarly journals Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits ofDaphnia galeatapopulations in response to fish kairomones

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tams ◽  
Jennifer Lüneburg ◽  
Laura Seddar ◽  
Jan-Phillip Detampel ◽  
Mathilde Cordellier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fish Kairomones ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Clonal Lines

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on the environment. It has an influence on the adaptive potential to environmental change and the capability to adapt locally. Adaptation to environmental change happens at the population level, thereby contributing to genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species. Predation is an important ecological factor structuring communities and maintaining species diversity. Prey developed different strategies to reduce their vulnerability to predators by changing their behaviour, their morphology or their life history. Predator-induced life history responses inDaphniahave been investigated for decades, but intra-and inter-population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We addressed this issue by conducting a common garden experiment with 24 clonal lines of EuropeanDaphnia galeataoriginating from four populations, each represented by six clonal lines. We recorded life history traits in the absence and presence of fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked at the shape of experimental individuals by conducting a geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced morphometric changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific phenotypic variation within and between fourD. galeatapopulations, the potential to locally adapt to a vertebrate predator regime as well as an effect of the fish kairomones on morphology ofD. galeata.

Concordance between life history traits, invasion history, and allozyme diversity of the Everglades invader Melaleuca quinquenervia

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Allen Dray ◽  
Rebecca E. Hale ◽  
Paul T. Madeira ◽  
Bradley C. Bennett ◽  
Ted D. Center
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Allozyme Diversity

scholarly journals Life history evolution and phenotypic plasticity in parasitic eyebrights (Euphrasia, Orobanchaceae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Twyford ◽  
Natacha Frachon ◽  
Edgar L. Y. Wong ◽  
Chris Metherell ◽  
Max R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Host Quality

ABSTRACTPremise of the studyParasite lifetime reproductive success is determined by both genetic variation and phenotypically plastic life history traits that respond to host quality and external environment. Here, we use the generalist parasitic plant genus Euphrasia to investigate life history trait variation, in particular whether there is a trade-off between growth and reproduction, and how life history traits are affected by host quality.MethodsWe perform a common garden experiment to evaluate life history trait differences between eleven Euphrasia taxa grown on a common host, document phenotypic plasticity when a single Euphrasia species is grown on eight different hosts, and relate our observations to trait differences recorded in the wild.Key resultsEuphrasia exhibit a range of life history strategies that differ between species that transition rapidly to flower at the expense of early season growth, and those that invest in vegetative growth and delay flowering. Many life history traits show extensive phenotypic plasticity in response to host quality and demonstrate the costs of attaching to a low-quality host.ConclusionsCommon garden experiments reveal trait differences between taxonomically complex Euphrasia species that are characterised by postglacial speciation and hybridisation. Our experiments suggest life history strategies in this generalist parasitic plant genus are the product of natural selection on traits related to growth and flowering. However, host quality may be a primary determinant of lifetime reproductive success.

Genetic variation in plasticity of life-history traits between Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations exposed to contrasting thermal regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Oomen ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Thermal Regimes

We employed common-garden experiments to test for genetic variation in responses of larval life-history traits to temperature between two populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L., 1758) that naturally experience contrasting thermal environments during early life due to spatial and temporal differences in spawning. Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod larvae experienced faster growth in warmer water and low, uniform survival across all experimental temperatures (3, 7, 11 °C), consistent with previous studies on this spring-spawning population. In contrast, larvae from fall-spawning Southwestern Scotian Shelf cod collected near Sambro, Nova Scotia, lacked plasticity for growth but experienced much lower survival at higher temperatures. Phenotypes that are positively associated with fitness were observed at temperatures closest to those experienced in the wild, consistent with the hypothesis that these populations are adapted to local thermal regimes. The lack of growth plasticity observed in Sambro cod might be due to costly maintenance of plasticity in stable environments or energy savings at cold temperatures. However, additional experiments need to be conducted on Sambro cod and other fall-spawning marine fishes to determine to what extent responses to projected changes in climate will differ among populations.

scholarly journals Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits of Daphnia galeata populations in response to fish kairomones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tams ◽  
Jennifer Lüneburg ◽  
Laura Seddar ◽  
Jan-Philip Detampel ◽  
Mathilde Cordellier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Daphnia Galeata ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fish Kairomones ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on the environment. It has an influence on the adaptive potential to environmental change and the capability to adapt locally. Adaptation to environmental change happens at the population level, thereby contributing to genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species. Predation is an important ecological factor structuring communities and maintaining species diversity. Prey developed different strategies to reduce their vulnerability to predators by changing their behavior, their morphology or their life history. Predator-induced life history responses in Daphnia have been investigated for decades, but intra population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We addressed this issue by conducting a common garden experiment with four European Daphnia galeata populations, each represented by six genotypes. We recorded life history traits in the absence and presence of fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked at the shape of experimental individuals by conducting a geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced morphometric changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific phenotypic variation within and between all four D. galeata populations, the potential to locally adapt to a vertebrate predator regime as well as an effect of the fish kairomones on morphology of D. galeata.

scholarly journals Growth, reproduction and weediness: testing four related species on a gradient of synanthropy

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ana María Hanan-Alipi ◽  
Heike Vibrans ◽  
Rocío Vega-Frutis ◽  
Cecilia Rocío Juárez-Rosete ◽  
Roberto Valdivia-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Weedy Species

Background . The ability of weeds to thrive in the stressful environments created by human disturbance has been explained mainly by a set of life history traits, such as short life cycles, generalist habits, as well as early and sustained reproduction. However, the evidence that these traits are better represented in weeds than in related species of other environments is mixed. To explore the relationship between weeds and the life history traits, we used the fact that plants are weedy to different degrees because of the heterogeneous nature of environments produced by disturbance. In a group of four congeners, we studied some growth and reproduction parameters in relation to the degree of synanthropy of the species, determined previously. Methods. In a common garden experiment, we compared relative growth rate, time to flowering, and biomass distribution between four species of the genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) that are weedy to different degrees. Results. The most synanthropic species, M. divaricatum, stood out for its steady growth rate, but not for assigning more resources to reproduction, nor for early flowering. In general, we found no association between growth and reproductive parameters studied in the four Melampodium species and the degree to which they are weeds. Conclusions. Results suggest that traits such as fast growth and early reproduction may not be essential for life as a weed. Rather, weedy species exhibit a complex pattern of growth traits that could be affected by conditions independent of anthropogenic disturbance.

scholarly journals Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits of Daphnia galeata populations in response to fish kairomones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tams ◽  
Jennifer Lüneburg ◽  
Laura Seddar ◽  
Jan-Philip Detampel ◽  
Mathilde Cordellier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Daphnia Galeata ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fish Kairomones ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on the environment. It has an influence on the adaptive potential to environmental change and the capability to adapt locally. Adaptation to environmental change happens at the population level, thereby contributing to genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species. Predation is an important ecological factor structuring communities and maintaining species diversity. Prey developed different strategies to reduce their vulnerability to predators by changing their behavior, their morphology or their life history. Predator-induced life history responses in Daphnia have been investigated for decades, but intra population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We addressed this issue by conducting a common garden experiment with four European Daphnia galeata populations, each represented by six genotypes. We recorded life history traits in the absence and presence of fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked at the shape of experimental individuals by conducting a geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced morphometric changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific phenotypic variation within and between all four D. galeata populations, the potential to locally adapt to a vertebrate predator regime as well as an effect of the fish kairomones on morphology of D. galeata.

scholarly journals Chasing the fitness optimum: temporal variation in the genetic and environmental expression of life-history traits for a perennial plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason W. Kulbaba ◽  
Zebadiah Yoko ◽  
Jill A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Environmental Variance

The ability of plants to track shifting fitness optima is crucial within the context of global change, where increasing environmental extremes may have dramatic consequences to life history, fitness, and ultimately species persistence. However, to track changing conditions relies upon the complex relationship between genetic and environmental variance, where selection may favor plasticity, the evolution of genetic differences, or both depending on the spatial and temporal scale of environmental heterogeneity. Over three years, we compared the genetic and environmental components of phenological and life-history variation in a common environment for the spring perennial Geum triflorum. Populations were sourced from alvar habitats that exhibit extreme, but predictable annual flood-desiccation cycles and prairie habitats that exhibit similar, but less predictable variation in water availability. Narrow-sense heritabilities were generally higher for early life history (emergence probability) relative to later life history traits (total seed mass), indicating that traits associated with establishment within an environment are under stronger genetic control relative to later life-history fitness expressions, where plasticity may play a larger role. This pattern was particularly notable in seeds sourced from environmentally extreme, but predictable alvar habitats relative to less predictable prairie seed sources. Fitness landscapes based on seed source origin, largely characterized by varying water availability and flower production, described selection as the degree of maladaptation to the prairie common garden environment relative to seed source environment. Plants from alvar populations were consistently closer to the fitness optimum across all years. Annually, the breadth of the fitness optimum expanded primarily along a moisture gradient, with inclusion of more populations onto the expanding optimum. These results highlight the importance of temporally and spatially varying selection for the evolution of life history, indicating plasticity within perennial systems may over time become the primary mechanism to track fitness for later life history events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document