scholarly journals Growth, reproduction and weediness: testing four related species on a gradient of synanthropy

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ana María Hanan-Alipi ◽  
Heike Vibrans ◽  
Rocío Vega-Frutis ◽  
Cecilia Rocío Juárez-Rosete ◽  
Roberto Valdivia-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Weedy Species

Background . The ability of weeds to thrive in the stressful environments created by human disturbance has been explained mainly by a set of life history traits, such as short life cycles, generalist habits, as well as early and sustained reproduction. However, the evidence that these traits are better represented in weeds than in related species of other environments is mixed. To explore the relationship between weeds and the life history traits, we used the fact that plants are weedy to different degrees because of the heterogeneous nature of environments produced by disturbance. In a group of four congeners, we studied some growth and reproduction parameters in relation to the degree of synanthropy of the species, determined previously. Methods. In a common garden experiment, we compared relative growth rate, time to flowering, and biomass distribution between four species of the genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) that are weedy to different degrees. Results. The most synanthropic species, M. divaricatum, stood out for its steady growth rate, but not for assigning more resources to reproduction, nor for early flowering. In general, we found no association between growth and reproductive parameters studied in the four Melampodium species and the degree to which they are weeds. Conclusions. Results suggest that traits such as fast growth and early reproduction may not be essential for life as a weed. Rather, weedy species exhibit a complex pattern of growth traits that could be affected by conditions independent of anthropogenic disturbance.

scholarly journals Asexual reproduction and growth rate: independent and plastic life history traits in Neurospora crassa

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Anderson ◽  
Bart P. S. Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Hanna Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Life History Traits

scholarly journals Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits ofDaphnia galeatapopulations in response to fish kairomones

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tams ◽  
Jennifer Lüneburg ◽  
Laura Seddar ◽  
Jan-Phillip Detampel ◽  
Mathilde Cordellier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fish Kairomones ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Clonal Lines

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on the environment. It has an influence on the adaptive potential to environmental change and the capability to adapt locally. Adaptation to environmental change happens at the population level, thereby contributing to genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species. Predation is an important ecological factor structuring communities and maintaining species diversity. Prey developed different strategies to reduce their vulnerability to predators by changing their behaviour, their morphology or their life history. Predator-induced life history responses inDaphniahave been investigated for decades, but intra-and inter-population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We addressed this issue by conducting a common garden experiment with 24 clonal lines of EuropeanDaphnia galeataoriginating from four populations, each represented by six clonal lines. We recorded life history traits in the absence and presence of fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked at the shape of experimental individuals by conducting a geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced morphometric changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific phenotypic variation within and between fourD. galeatapopulations, the potential to locally adapt to a vertebrate predator regime as well as an effect of the fish kairomones on morphology ofD. galeata.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Life-history traits of Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, in the invaded Vistula River: early investment in reproduction but reduced growth rate

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Joanna Grabowska ◽  
Dariusz Pietraszewski ◽  
Mirosław Przybylski ◽  
Ali Serhan Tarkan ◽  
Lidia Marszał ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Amur Sleeper ◽  
Perccottus Glenii ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

Life history variation in plants: an exploration of the fast-slow continuum hypothesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1345) ◽  
pp. 1341-1348 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Continuum Hypothesis ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate

Several empirical models have attempted to account for the covariation among life history traits observed in a variety of organisms. One of these models, the fast-slow continuum hypothesis, emphasizes the role played by mortality at different stages of the life cycle in shaping the large array of life history variation. Under this scheme, species can be arranged from those suffering high adult mortality levels to those undergoing relatively low adult mortality. This differential mortality is responsible for the evolution of contrasting life histories on either end of the continuum. Species undergoing high adult mortality are expected to have shorter life cycles, faster development rates and higher fecundity than those experiencing lower adult mortality. The theory has proved accurate in describing the evolution of life histories in several animal groups but has previously not been tested in plants. Here we test this theory using demographic information for 83 species of perennial plants. In accordance with the fast-slow continuum, plants undergoing high adult mortality have shorter lifespans and reach sexual maturity at an earlier age. However, demographic traits related to reproduction (the intrinsic rate of natural increase, the net reproductive rate and the average rate of decrease in the intensity of natural selection on fecundity) do not show the covariation expected with longevity, age at first reproducion and life expectancy at sexual maturity. Contrary to the situation in animals, plants with multiple meristems continuously increase their size and, consequently, their fecundity and reproductive value. This may balance the negative effect of mortality on fitness, thus having no apparent effect in the sign of the covariation between these two goups of life history traits.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

scholarly journals Life-history traits of Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, in the invaded Vistula River: early investment in reproduction but reduced growth rate

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 661 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grabowska Joanna ◽  
Pietraszewski Dariusz ◽  
Przybylski Mirosław ◽  
Tarkan Ali Serhan ◽  
Marszał Lidia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Amur Sleeper ◽  
Perccottus Glenii ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

Growth and maturity of a terrestrial ectotherm near its northern distributional limit: does latitude matter?

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krysia N. Tuttle ◽  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
Latitudinal Effect

High-latitude environments are challenging for terrestrial ectotherms because short and cool active seasons generally limit the time available for foraging and growth, thereby negatively influencing life-history variables such as growth rate and age at maturity and ultimately, via fitness differences, their evolution. Many species show latitudinal clines in life-history traits, including growth rate and body size. We estimated growth curves of Plains Garter Snakes ( Thamnophis radix (Baird and Girard, 1853)) near the northern limit of the species’ range in central Alberta and compared our findings to similar estimates for more southerly populations. Despite a short growing season, female T. radix at Miquelon Lake grew rapidly, reaching maturity in 1 or 2 years, similar to southern populations, and attained greater maximum sizes than snakes in southern populations. Overall, growth in this high-latitude population is comparable with what is seen in other conspecific populations. Possible reasons for lack of marked latitudinal effect include longer days at high latitudes, highly productive aquatic habitats for foraging, effective thermoregulation, reduced competition, and (or) countergradient variation in growth rate.

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