scholarly journals Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Csáky ◽  
Dániel Gerber ◽  
István Koncz ◽  
Gergely Csiky ◽  
Balázs G. Mende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
East Central ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Variability

AbstractAfter 568 AD the Avars settled in the Carpathian Basin and founded the Avar Qaganate that was an important power in Central Europe until the 9th century. Part of the Avar society was probably of Asian origin, however the localisation of their homeland is hampered by the scarcity of historical and archaeological data.Here, we study mitogenome and Y chromosomal STR variability of twenty-six individuals, a number of them representing a well-characterised elite group buried at the centre of the Carpathian Basin more than a century after the Avar conquest.The studied group has maternal and paternal genetic affinities to several ancient and modern East-Central Asian populations. The majority of the mitochondrial DNA variability represents Asian haplogroups (C, D, F, M, R, Y and Z). The Y-STR variability of the analysed elite males belongs only to five lineages, three N-Tat with mostly Asian parallels and two Q haplotypes. The homogeneity of the Y chromosomes reveals paternal kinship as a cohesive force in the organisation of the Avar elite strata on both social and territorial level. Our results indicate that the Avar elite arrived in the Carpathian Basin as a group of families, and remained mostly endogamous for several generations after the conquest.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Migration Patterns in Central Asian Populations, Revealed by Analysis of Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats and mtDNA

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
David Comas ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
Elena Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Short Tandem Repeats ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Short Tandem

scholarly journals From Durkheim to Czarnowski: Sociological Universalism and Polish Politics in the Interwar Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Joanna Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World History ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Great War ◽  
International Social

The Durkheimian School of sociology was one of the most comprehensive programmes ever developed in the social sciences. This article contributes to those accounts of the School that discuss its intergenerational, interdisciplinary and international transformations after the Great War. From this perspective, the article presents the case of a Polish scholar, Stefan Czarnowski (1879–1937), whose early work on the cult of St. Patrick in Ireland became one of the Durkheimian classics on social integration. In the interwar period Czarnowski argued against race studies and anti-social concepts of culture and called for sociologically grounded comparative world history ordered around the notions of class and work. More generally, Czarnowski’s reconfiguration of Durkheimian universal principles in the specific location of East Central Europe calls for a deeper historicisation of the Durkheimian School as a movement in international social sciences.

scholarly journals KHOMEINI’S POLITICAL-RELIGIOUS APPROACH OF THE ‘IRANIAN NATION’

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Bogdana Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
East Central ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Main Influence

The geographical position of Iran as a transit country between the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, makes the Islamic Republic of Iran a new geostrategic factor with main influence to the future of the Islamic world and international world system. The Welayat-e-Faqih imposes serious changes in the government and society. Renovation of Islamic dogmas and their adaptation to changing conditions of the social-political life is the challenge to the Shiite clergy, who firmly follow the practices established by Imam Khomeini. His revolution carries not only the spirit of the Iranian modernization but also the pathos of social democracy. The “Theo-democratic” government is based on both the Islamic and democratic principles, and it can be said that due to the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini, a unique new project – the national-Iranian project is arguably developed. There are the three aims of this project: the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and national prosperity of the country, intended to protect Muslims and establish Islamic government based on the Shi’ite principles. The Islamic revolution is an important event worldwide. It makes us rethink the current relation religion – politics, giving the first serious notice of taking political power by Islam.

scholarly journals Results of the Presidential Elections in Uzbekistan: The Economic and Political Course of Sh. Mirziyoyev

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
E. Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic

The main result of the presidential elections in Uzbekistan held on October 24, 2021 was that President Sh. Mirziyoyev received a mandate to further implement his economic and political course which provisions were set out in his election program. In the elections opponents of the president, representing in general pro-government parties, were unable to provide an effective alternative to the president's program, which, moreover, accumulated many of their proposals. In the next five years, the republic which economy is the fastest growing in Central Asia will face further economic reforms. Their effect will largely depend on the objective conditions associated primarily with the pandemic. The social program of the president, if it is actually implemented, can help smooth out the negative consequences of market reforms. Mirziyoyev’s foreign policy reflected new geopolitical landmarks of the Central Asian countries, including Afghanistan and Turkey. At the same time, the development of relations between Uzbekistan and Russia is increasing, indicating the desire of Tashkent under the leadership of Mirziyoyev to maintain balance in relations with leading foreign policy players. As a result, it can be stated that today the President of Uzbekistan has strong positions both within the country and abroad.

scholarly journals Countering Ethnic Violence, Extremism, and Terrorism or Human Rights Violations: A Case Study of Central Asian Republics

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Adam Saud ◽  
Dr. Irfan Hussain Qaisrani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Free Region

Central Asia has been declared as ‘not free’ region by most of the global human rights organizations. The region has been governed by the old socialist-minded leadership since its independence. This style does not give room for civil liberties and human rights. Furthermore, the region has been marked with extremism, terrorism and ethnic violence for a long period of time. The regimes are also supported by other ‘not free’ states especially Russia and China. Such kind of regional dynamics has encouraged the states to adopt oppressive policies in order to strengthen themselves. This research focuses; to understand the social and ethnic demography of the Central Asian region; to understand the hyper-presidential political systems of the region; to understand the violent and non-violent movements against the ‘system’, and to analyze the state policies towards human rights and civil liberties.

scholarly journals Edelmetallgegenstände als Quellen zu sozialen Prozessen der Spätawarenzeit (8.–9. Jahrhundert n. Chr.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-452
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
The Social

Abstract The present paper analyses the precious metal artefacts, scarcely known in the huge archaeological material of the “late Avar period” (eighth to early ninth centuries AD). Unlike in the previous era the majority of the gold and silver objects of the late Avar period are stray finds; in particular high-quality goldsmith's artefacts are absent in the grave assemblages of the eighth century. The significance of precious metal objects in grave assemblages reached its low ebb around the middle of the late Avar period; afterwards not only new object types appeared but a new grave-horizon emerged comprising precious metal objects. This paper, based on the quality and morphology of the objects, their archaeological contexts as well as their spatial distribution, draws a conclusion concerning the social and cultural changes in the early medieval Carpathian Basin.

scholarly journals How “Muslim” are Central Asian Muslims? A Historical and Comparative Enquiry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-269
Author(s):  
Galina M. Yemelianova
Keyword(s):  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Common ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Soviet Central Asia

The article analyzes the social, political, and symbolic functions of Islam in contemporary Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Over many centuries, Central Asians developed a particular form of Islam based on a productive and fluid synergy among Islam per se, their tribal legal and customary norms, and Tengrian and Zoroastrian beliefs and practices. It is characterized by a high level of doctrinal and functional adaptability to shifting political and cultural environments, the prevalence of mystical Islam (Sufism) and oral, rather than book-based, Islamic tradition. These qualities have defined distinctive Islamic trajectories in post-Soviet Central Asia, which differ significantly from those in other Muslim-majority countries and in Muslim communities in the West. At the same time, the common Eurasian space and lengthy shared political history of Central Asians and other peoples of Muslim Eurasia are also reflected in the considerable similarities in their Islamic trajectories.

Material Culture and Daily Life

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE HEZSER
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Early Byzantine

This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of Jewish daily life and material culture. It explains that one of the main problems associated with research on material culture and daily life is the establishment of a proper relationship between rabbinic literary references and archaeological data, between text and object. It suggests that these problems can be resolved by approaching the issues on the basis of a historical-critical study of rabbinic sources in a broad interdisciplinary framework, which takes account of archaeological research within the Graeco-Roman and early Byzantine context and which uses tools, methods and models developed by the social sciences.

Political appearances

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 923-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonar Buffam
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Racial Relations ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modes Of Governance

Purpose In Metro Vancouver, Vaisakhi celebrations are organized by local Sikh gurdwaras to mark the Punjabi harvest season and the anniversary of the Sikh Khalsa, which was formed in 1699. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Vaisakhi celebrations have become mechanisms for state institutions to refigure and extend their racial authority over Sikh places and populations through their coordinated appearances at these public events. These appearances are analyzed to reveal how contemporary racial states are characterized by complex conditions of visibility and public identification that obscure and foreclose the racial conditions of their authority. Design/methodology/approach The data analyzed for this paper were generated through observational fieldwork at Vaisakhi celebrations and extensive archival and media research on the changing racial governance of Sikh and South Asian populations. Findings The results show that, in Metro Vancouver, racial modes of governance have created “post-racial” relations between the state’s public visages of diversity and accessibility and its expanded legal regulation of the social and political places of local Sikh populations. Originality/value The concept of political appearances is developed to explain how contemporary racial states reproduce and augment their authority through discursive practices of public engagement with minority populations as well as the specific aesthetic conditions of these engagements. The paper also offers important cautions against state practices that expand the presence of law enforcement within marginalized communities by showing how this enhanced visibility can engender forms of racialization.

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