scholarly journals Arterio-Venous Remodeling in the Zebrafish Trunk is Controlled by Genetic Programming and Flow-Mediated Fine-Tuning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Geudens ◽  
Baptiste Coxam ◽  
Silvanus Alt ◽  
Véronique Gebala ◽  
Anne-Clémence Vion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Cardinal Vein ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Arteries And Veins

How developing vascular networks acquire the right balance of arteries, veins and lymphatics to efficiently supply and drain tissues is poorly understood [1, 2]. In zebrafish embryos, the robust and regular 50:50 global balance of intersegmental veins and arteries that form along the trunk [3], prompts the intriguing question how the organism keeps “count”. Previous studies suggest that the ultimate fate of an intersegmental vessel (ISV) is determined by the identity of the approaching secondary sprout emerging from the posterior cardinal vein (PCV) [1, 4-7]. Here, using high time-resolution imaging, advanced cell tracking and computational analysis, we show that the formation of a balanced trunk vasculature involves an early heterogeneity in endothelial cell (EC) behavior in the seemingly identical primary ISVs and an adaptive flow-mediated mechanism that fine-tunes the balance of arteries and veins along the trunk. Detailed examination of the trunk vasculature dynamics throughout development reveals the frequent formation of three-way vascular connections between primary ISVs, the dorsal aorta (DA) and the PCV. Differential resolution of these connections into arteries or veins is mediated by polarized cell movement of the ECs within the ISV. Quantitative analysis of the cellular organization, polarity and directional movement of ECs in primary ISVs identifies an early differential behavior between future arteries and veins that is largely specified in the ECs of the individual ISVs, is dependent on Dll4/Notch, and occurs even in the absence of secondary sprouting. Notch signaling is involved in a local patterning mechanism normally favoring the formation of alternating arteries and veins. The global artery-vein balance is however maintained through a flow-dependent mechanism that can overwrite the local patterning. We propose that this dual mechanism driving arterio-venous identity during developmental angiogenesis in the zebrafish trunk provides the adaptability required to establish a balanced network of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial cell specification in health and disease

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Marziano ◽  
Gael Genet ◽  
Karen K. Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Networks

AbstractThere are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients, circulating cells, and soluble factors to and from every tissue. The lymphatic vasculature maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis, transports hematopoietic cells for immune surveillance, and absorbs fat from the gastrointestinal tract. These vascular systems consist of highly organized networks of specialized vessels including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels that exhibit different structures and cellular composition enabling distinct functions. All vessels are composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells that are in direct contact with the circulating fluid; therefore, they are the first responders to circulating factors. However, endothelial cells are not homogenous; rather, they are a heterogenous population of specialized cells perfectly designed for the physiological demands of the vessel they constitute. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the specification of arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cell identities during vascular development. We also discuss how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to vascular malformations, and therapeutic approaches that have been developed for their treatment.

scholarly journals Data-driven modeling reveals cell behaviors controlling self-organization during Myxococcus xanthus development

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (23) ◽  
pp. E4592-E4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Cotter ◽  
Heinz-Bernd Schüttler ◽  
Oleg A. Igoshin ◽  
Lawrence J. Shimkets
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Fluorescent Cell ◽  
Cell Behaviors

Collective cell movement is critical to the emergent properties of many multicellular systems, including microbial self-organization in biofilms, embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. However, even the best-studied systems lack a complete picture of how diverse physical and chemical cues act upon individual cells to ensure coordinated multicellular behavior. Known for its social developmental cycle, the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus uses coordinated movement to generate three-dimensional aggregates called fruiting bodies. Despite extensive progress in identifying genes controlling fruiting body development, cell behaviors and cell–cell communication mechanisms that mediate aggregation are largely unknown. We developed an approach to examine emergent behaviors that couples fluorescent cell tracking with data-driven models. A unique feature of this approach is the ability to identify cell behaviors affecting the observed aggregation dynamics without full knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms. The fluorescent cell tracking revealed large deviations in the behavior of individual cells. Our modeling method indicated that decreased cell motility inside the aggregates, a biased walk toward aggregate centroids, and alignment among neighboring cells in a radial direction to the nearest aggregate are behaviors that enhance aggregation dynamics. Our modeling method also revealed that aggregation is generally robust to perturbations in these behaviors and identified possible compensatory mechanisms. The resulting approach of directly combining behavior quantification with data-driven simulations can be applied to more complex systems of collective cell movement without prior knowledge of the cellular machinery and behavioral cues.

scholarly journals Comparative dynamics of microglial and glioma cell motility at the infiltrative margin of brain tumours

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20170582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Juliano ◽  
Orlando Gil ◽  
Andrea Hawkins-Daarud ◽  
Sonal Noticewala ◽  
Russell C. Rockne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Simple Random Walk ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Microglia are a major cellular component of gliomas, and abundant in the centre of the tumour and at the infiltrative margins. While glioma is a notoriously infiltrative disease, the dynamics of microglia and glioma migratory patterns have not been well characterized. To investigate the migratory behaviour of microglia and glioma cells at the infiltrative edge, we performed two-colour time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of brain slices generated from a platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB)-driven rat model of glioma, in which glioma cells and microglia were each labelled with one of two different fluorescent markers. We used mathematical techniques to analyse glioma cells and microglia motility with both single cell tracking and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Our results show microglia motility is strongly correlated with the presence of glioma, while the correlation of the speeds of glioma cells and microglia was variable and weak. Additionally, we showed that microglia and glioma cells exhibit different types of diffusive migratory behaviour. Microglia movement fit a simple random walk, while glioma cell movement fits a super diffusion pattern. These results show that glioma cells stimulate microglia motility at the infiltrative margins, creating a correlation between the spatial distribution of glioma cells and the pattern of microglia motility.

AUTOMATED CELL MIGRATION TRACKING TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aow Yong Li Yew ◽  
Ghazali Sulong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Image Frame ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Status Analysis ◽  
Future Work

Automated cell migration tracking is important in detecting the cell movement in order to help in cell status analysis especially when there are a huge numbers of cells in one image frame. Automated cell tracking processes involve detecting, segmentation and labelling the cell. Each step is crucial and will affect the next step. The common problems are cell proliferation, overlapping and clustering. Consequently, this review not only focuses on the overview of current techniques used to complete the cell migration tracking tasks, but also the comparison of these techniques and some suggested future work(s).

scholarly journals Vascular Injury Changes Topology of Vessel Network to Adapt to Partition of Blood Flow for New Arteriovenous Specification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung In Baek ◽  
Shyr-Shea Chang ◽  
Chih-Chiang Chang ◽  
Mehrdad Roustei ◽  
Yichen Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Cardinal Vein ◽  
Segmental Artery ◽  
Vascular Regeneration ◽  
Organ Systems

AbstractWithin vascular networks, wall shear stress (WSS) modulates endothelial cell proliferation and arteriovenous specification. Mechano-responsive signaling pathways enable vessels within a connected network to structurally adapt to properly partition blood flow between different parts of organ systems. Here, we study vascular regeneration in a zebrafish model system, performing tail amputation of the Dorsal Aorta (DA)-Posterior Cardinal Vein (PCV) embryonic circulatory loop (ECL) at 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Following severing the ECL, the topology of the micro-circular network is reorganized to engender local increase in blood flow and peak WSS in the closest Segmental Artery (SeA) to the amputation site. Remodeling of this artery increases its radius, and blood flow. These hemodynamic WSS cues activate post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling to guide network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses of Notch and ephrinb2 pathways, manipulations of WSS by modulating myocardial contractility and blood viscosity directly implicate that hemodynamically activated post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling guides network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Taken together, amputation of the DA-PCV loop induces changes in microvascular topology to partition blood flow and increase WSS-mediated Notch-ephrinb2 pathway, driving the new DLAV-PCV loop formation for restoring local microcirculation.

scholarly journals On Improving an Already Competitive Segmentation Algorithm for the Cell Tracking Challenge - Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Scherr ◽  
Katharina Loeffler ◽  
Oliver Neumann ◽  
Ralf Mikut
Keyword(s):  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Distance Map

The virtually error-free segmentation and tracking of densely packed cells and cell nuclei is still a challenging task. Especially in low-resolution and low signal-to-noise-ratio microscopy images erroneously merged and missing cells are common segmentation errors making the subsequent cell tracking even more difficult. In 2020, we successfully participated as team KIT-Sch-GE (1) in the 5th edition of the ISBI Cell Tracking Challenge. With our deep learning-based distance map regression segmentation and our graph-based cell tracking, we achieved multiple top 3 rankings on the diverse data sets. In this manuscript, we show how our approach can be further improved by using another optimizer and by fine-tuning training data augmentation parameters, learning rate schedules, and the training data representation. The fine-tuned segmentation in combination with an improved tracking enabled to further improve our performance in the 6th edition of the Cell Tracking Challenge 2021 as team KIT-Sch-GE (2).

scholarly journals Investigating Optimal Time Step Intervals of Imaging for Data Quality through a Novel Fully-Automated Cell Tracking Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Feng Wei Yang ◽  
Lea Tomášová ◽  
Zeno v. Guttenberg ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Anotida Madzvamuse
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Tracking Algorithms ◽  
Step Interval

Computer-based fully-automated cell tracking is becoming increasingly important in cell biology, since it provides unrivalled capacity and efficiency for the analysis of large datasets. However, automatic cell tracking’s lack of superior pattern recognition and error-handling capability compared to its human manual tracking counterpart inspired decades-long research. Enormous efforts have been made in developing advanced cell tracking packages and software algorithms. Typical research in this field focuses on dealing with existing data and finding a best solution. Here, we investigate a novel approach where the quality of data acquisition could help improve the accuracy of cell tracking algorithms and vice-versa. Generally speaking, when tracking cell movement, the more frequent the images are taken, the more accurate cells are tracked and, yet, issues such as damage to cells due to light intensity, overheating in equipment, as well as the size of the data prevent a constant data streaming. Hence, a trade-off between the frequency at which data images are collected and the accuracy of the cell tracking algorithms needs to be studied. In this paper, we look at the effects of different choices of the time step interval (i.e., the frequency of data acquisition) within the microscope to our existing cell tracking algorithms. We generate several experimental data sets where the true outcomes are known (i.e., the direction of cell migration) by either using an effective chemoattractant or employing no-chemoattractant. We specify a relatively short time step interval (i.e., 30 s) between pictures that are taken at the data generational stage, so that, later on, we may choose some portion of the images to produce datasets with different time step intervals, such as 1 min, 2 min, and so on. We evaluate the accuracy of our cell tracking algorithms to illustrate the effects of these different time step intervals. We establish that there exist certain relationships between the tracking accuracy and the time step interval associated with experimental microscope data acquisition. We perform fully-automatic adaptive cell tracking on multiple datasets, to identify optimal time step intervals for data acquisition, while at the same time demonstrating the performance of the computer cell tracking algorithms.

scholarly journals Symmetry Breaking during Cell Movement in the Context of Excitability, Kinetic Fine-Tuning and Memory of Pseudopod Formation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J.M. van Haastert
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Refined Model ◽  
Ras Activation ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Amoeboid Cells

The path of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. Amoeboid cells constantly change their shape with pseudopods extending in different directions. Detailed analysis has revealed that time, place and direction of pseudopod extension are not random, but highly ordered with strong prevalence for only one extending pseudopod, with defined life-times, and with reoccurring events in time and space indicative of memory. Important components are Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod and inhibition of pseudopod formation in the contractile cortex of parallel F-actin/myosin. In biology, order very often comes with symmetry. In this essay, I discuss cell movement and the dynamics of pseudopod extension from the perspective of symmetry and symmetry changes of Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod. Combining symmetry of Ras activation with kinetics and memory of pseudopod extension results in a refined model of amoeboid movement that appears to be largely conserved in the fast moving Dictyostelium and neutrophils, the slow moving mesenchymal stem cells and the fungus B.d. chytrid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document