scholarly journals Large scale changes in host methylation patterns induced by IncA/C plasmid transformation inVibrio cholerae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibai Wang ◽  
Kanglin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractDNA methylation is a central epigenetic modification and has diverse biological functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms alike. The IncA/C plasmid genomes are approximately 150kb in length and harbour three methylase genes, two of which demonstrate cytosine specificity. Transformation of theVibrio choleraestrain C6706 with the IncA/C plasmid pVC211 resulted in a significant relabelling of the methylation patterns on the host chromosomes. The new methylation patterns induced by transformation with IncA/C plasmid were accepted by the restriction enzymes of the host’s restriction modification (RM) system. These data uncover a novel mechanism by which plasmids can be compatible with a host’s RM system and suggest a possible reason that plasmids of the IncA/C family are broad-host-range.Author summaryAntibiotic resistance of bacteria is a growing serious problem worldwidely and the horizontal transfer of multi-drug resistance genes mediated by plasmids within and between species of bacteria is the main reason. In the researches of multi-drug resistance ofVibrio cholerae, I have isolated several IncA/C plasmids. What impressed me most is their ability to accumulate the resistant genes. Moreover, they can transfer with high frequency and are stable in several bacterial species. There are at least three Tra regions on the IncA/C plasmid which containing components of the Type 4 Secretion System and are important for conjugative transfer of plasmids. So the horizontal transfer ability of IncA/C plasmids is reasonable. There are three methylase genes on the small genome of IncA/C plasmids, which demonstrate cytosine specificity and are seldom in bacteria. Their modification target and roles are interesting. Here, we analysed the methylation profiles of the hostV. choeraeinduced by the plasmid pVC211 and found that they were completely changed. In addition to replicons, this may be a novel mechanism that plasmid cross the barrier of the host’s RM system and become broad-host range. Changing the activity of methylase in IncA/C plasmids may be a new way to affect the stability of IncA/C plasmids to eliminate these multidrug-resistant plasmids from bacteria.

scholarly journals Tackling resistance: emerging antimalarials and new parasite targets in the era of elimination

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Mathews ◽  
Audrey R. Odom John
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antimalarial Compounds

Malaria remains a significant contributor to global human mortality, and roughly half the world’s population is at risk for infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites. Aggressive control measures have reduced the global prevalence of malaria significantly over the past decade. However, resistance to available antimalarials continues to spread, including resistance to the widely used artemisinin-based combination therapies. Novel antimalarial compounds and therapeutic targets are greatly needed. This review will briefly discuss several promising current antimalarial development projects, including artefenomel, ferroquine, cipargamin, SJ733, KAF156, MMV048, and tafenoquine. In addition, we describe recent large-scale genetic and resistance screens that have been instrumental in target discovery. Finally, we highlight new antimalarial targets, which include essential transporters and proteases. These emerging antimalarial compounds and therapeutic targets have the potential to overcome multi-drug resistance in ongoing efforts toward malaria elimination.

scholarly journals Evolution of IncA/CblaCMY-2-Carrying Plasmids by Acquisition of theblaNDM-1Carbapenemase Gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Carattoli ◽  
Laura Villa ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Rémy A. Bonnin ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmids

ABSTRACTTheblaNDM-1gene has been reported to be often located on broad-host-range plasmids of the IncA/C type in clinical but also environmental bacteria recovered from the New Delhi, India, area. IncA/C-type plasmids are the main vehicles for the spread of the cephalosporinase geneblaCMY-2, frequently identified in the United States, Canada, and Europe. In this study, we completed the sequence of IncA/C plasmid pNDM-KN carrying theblaNDM-1gene, recovered from aKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolate from Kenya. This sequence was compared with those of three IncA/C-type reference plasmids fromEscherichia coli,Yersinia ruckeri, andPhotobacterium damselae. Comparative analysis showed that theblaNDM-1gene was located on a widely diffused plasmid scaffold known to be responsible for the spread ofblaCMY-2-like genes and consequently for resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Considering that IncA/C plasmids possess a broad host range, this scaffold might support a large-scale diffusion of theblaNDM-1gene among Gram-negative rods.

scholarly journals A Multispecies Cluster of VIM-1 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Linked by a Novel, Highly Conjugative, and Broad-Host-Range IncA Plasmid Forebodes the Reemergence of VIM-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Arcari ◽  
Federica Maria Di Lella ◽  
Giulia Bibbolino ◽  
Fabio Mengoni ◽  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated VIM-1-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae strains, isolated in 2019 during a period of active surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a large university hospital in Italy. VIM-1-producing strains colonized the gut of patients, with up to three different VIM-1-positive bacterial species isolated from a single rectal swab, but also caused bloodstream infection in one colonized patient. In the multispecies cluster, blaVIM-1 was identified in a 5-gene cassette class 1 integron, associated with several genetic determinants, including the blaSHV-12, qnrS1, and mph(A) genes, located on a highly conjugative and broad-host-range IncA plasmid. The characteristics and origin of this IncA plasmid were studied.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of novel broad host range bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae O1 from Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
BanwarilalL Sarkar ◽  
Sounak Sarkar ◽  
Mayukh Das ◽  
TusharSuvra Bhowmick ◽  
Hemanta Koley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille BONKO ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Sibidou Yougbaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background: The curative power of antimicrobials is severely threatened due to emerging resistance to first-line antibiotics worldwide. With a limited reserve of antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, but there is a paucity of such data in Burkina Faso, and the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial species isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Clinical specimens (blood, stool, and urine) were collected from 1099 febrile children attending the peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro. Bacterial isolates from these clinical specimens were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by standard disc diffusion procedure and minimal inhibitory concentration method (when appropriate). Results: In total, 141 bacterial strains were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 strains were isolated from blood, 65 from the stool, and 11 from urine. Predominant bacterial isolates were Salmonella species (56.7%; 80/141) followed by Escherichia coli (33.3%; 47/141). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%; 52/80), and chloramphenicol (63.8%; 51/80). E. coli isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14), and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, 7 out of 14 E. coli isolates were producers of the ß-lactamase enzyme, suggesting multi-drug resistance against b-lactam as well as non-b-lactam antibiotics. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully resistant to tetracycline and 50% to penicillin G. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates of which 56 (54.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 (50.0%) Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed an alarming high resistance to commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in the study region. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso, and probably the whole region (West Africa). Moreover, it implies the need of a revision of the antibiotic-treatment guidelines by the Ministry of Health in Burkina Faso to avoid further development of resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massa dit Achille BONKO ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Francois Kiemde ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
Sibidou Yougbaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background: The curative power of antimicrobials is severely threatened due to emerging resistance to first-line antibiotics worldwide. With a limited reserve of antibiotics, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, but there is a paucity of such data in Burkina Faso, and the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial species isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods: Clinical specimens (blood, stool, and urine) were collected from 1099 febrile children attending the peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro. Bacterial isolates from these clinical specimens were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by standard disc diffusion procedure and minimal inhibitory concentration method (when appropriate). Results: In total, 141 bacterial strains were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 strains were isolated from blood, 65 from the stool, and 11 from urine. Predominant bacterial isolates were Salmonella species (56.7%; 80/141) followed by Escherichia coli (33.3%; 47/141). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (65%; 52/80), and chloramphenicol (63.8%; 51/80). E. coli isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14), and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, 7 out of 14 E. coli isolates were producers of the ß-lactamase enzyme, suggesting multi-drug resistance against b-lactam as well as non-b-lactam antibiotics. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully resistant to tetracycline and 50% to penicillin G. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates of which 56 (54.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 3 (50.0%) Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed an alarming high resistance to commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections in the study region. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso, and probably the whole region (West Africa).

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of genes regulating DNA methylation using genetic anchors for causal inference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Hop ◽  
René Luijk ◽  
Lucia Daxinger ◽  
Maarten van Iterson ◽  
Koen F. Dekkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Methylation Patterns

SUMMARYDNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in human development and disease, yet there is limited understanding of its highly coordinated regulation. Here, we identified 818 genes that influence DNA methylation patterns in blood using large-scale population genomics data. By employing genetic instruments as causal anchors, we identified directed associations between gene expression and distant DNA methylation levels, whilst ensuring specificity of the associations by correcting for linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy among neighboring genes. We found that DNA methylation patterns are commonly shaped by transcription factors that consistently increase or decrease DNA methylation levels. However, we also observed genes encoding proteins without DNA binding activity with widespread effects on DNA methylation (e.g. NFKBIE, CDCA7(L) and NLRC5) and we suggest plausible mechanisms underlying these findings. Many of the reported genes were unknown to influence DNA methylation, resulting in a comprehensive resource providing insights in the principles underlying epigenetic regulation.

scholarly journals Broad-Host-Range Plasmids for Constitutive and Inducible Gene Expression in the Absence of Antibiotic Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Burbank ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmids ◽  
Inducible Gene

Plasmid vectors are a valuable research tool for characterizing bacterial gene function, but there is a limited range of plasmids that are functional in nonmodel bacterial species. Described here is a set of broad-host-range plasmids modified for stability in the absence of antibiotic selection and for gene expression manipulation.

scholarly journals Burkholderia thailandensis E125 Harbors a Temperate Bacteriophage Specific for Burkholderia mallei

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (14) ◽  
pp. 4003-4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Woods ◽  
Jeffrey A. Jeddeloh ◽  
David L. Fritz ◽  
David DeShazer
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cytosine Methyltransferase

ABSTRACT Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacillus that is closely related to Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. We found that B. thailandensis E125 spontaneously produced a bacteriophage, termed φE125, which formed turbid plaques in top agar containing B. mallei ATCC 23344. We examined the host range of φE125 and found that it formed plaques on B. mallei but not on any other bacterial species tested, including B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei. Examination of the bacteriophage by transmission electron microscopy revealed an isometric head and a long noncontractile tail. B. mallei NCTC 120 and B. mallei DB110795 were resistant to infection with φE125 and did not produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen due to IS407A insertions in wbiE and wbiG, respectively. wbiE was provided in trans on a broad-host-range plasmid to B. mallei NCTC 120, and it restored LPS O-antigen production and susceptibility to φE125. The 53,373-bp φE125 genome contained 70 genes, an IS3 family insertion sequence (ISBt3), and an attachment site (attP) encompassing the 3′ end of a proline tRNA (UGG) gene. While the overall genetic organization of the φE125 genome was similar to λ-like bacteriophages and prophages, it also possessed a novel cluster of putative replication and lysogeny genes. The φE125 genome encoded an adenine and a cytosine methyltransferase, and purified bacteriophage DNA contained both N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine. The results presented here demonstrate that φE125 is a new member of the λ supergroup of Siphoviridae that may be useful as a diagnostic tool for B. mallei.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document