scholarly journals Dopamine D1 receptor signalling differentially regulates action sequences and turning behaviour in freely moving Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kottler ◽  
Richard Faville ◽  
Jessika Bridi ◽  
Frank Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Receptor Signalling ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Turning Behaviour ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Motor Actions

AbstractHere, we introduce a novel behavioural paradigm to study neural circuits and mechanisms underlying action selection and decision-making in freely moving Drosophila. We first validate our approach by studying FoxP mutants and show that normally invariant patterns of motor activity and turning behaviour are altered in these flies, reminiscent of indecision. Then, focusing on central complex (CX) circuits known to integrate different sensory modalities and controlling premotor regions, we show that action sequences and turning behaviour are regulated by dopamine D1 (Dop1R1) receptor signalling. Dop1R1 inputs onto CX columnar wedge and ellipsoid body R2/R4m ring neuron circuits both negatively gate motor activity but inversely control turning behaviour. While flies deficient of D1 receptor signalling present normal turning behaviour despite decreased activity, restoring Dop1R1 level in R2/R4m-specific circuitry affects the temporal organisation of motor actions and turning. These findings suggest that columnar wedge and ring neuron circuits of the CX differentially modulate patterns of motor action sequences and turning behaviour by comparative Dop1R1 signalling for goal-directed locomotion.

scholarly journals Impact of central complex lesions on visual orientation in ants: Turning behaviour, but not the overall movement direction, is disrupted

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scarlett Dell-Cronin ◽  
Cornelia Buehlmann ◽  
Angela Diyalagoda Pathirannahelage ◽  
Roman Goulard ◽  
Barbara Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Navigation ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Heading Direction ◽  
Orientation Response ◽  
Wood Ants ◽  
Turning Behaviour ◽  
Freely Moving

ABSTRACTWood ants are excellent navigators using a combination of innate and learnt navigational strategies to travel between their nest and feeding sites. Visual navigation in ants has been studied extensively, however, we only know little about the underlying neural mechanisms. The central complex (CX) is located at the midline of the insect brain. It receives sensory input that allows an insect to keep track of the direction of sensory cues relative to its own orientation and to control movement. We show here direct evidence for the involvement of the central complex in the innate visual orientation response of freely moving wood ants. Lesions in the CX disrupted the control of turning in a lateralised manner, but had no effect on the overall heading direction, walking speed or path straightness.

Behavioral Taxonomy of Undergraduate Pilot Training Tasks and Skills

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Robert P. Meyer ◽  
Jack I. Laveson ◽  
Neal S. Weissman ◽  
Edward E. Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Mental Actions

The analysis and specification of fundamental flying abilities which comprise the training objectives of Air Force undergraduate pilot training (UPT) was performed. The taxonomy of UPT tasks and skills is an analytical tool of considerable generality that can be used to aid in understanding the essential requirements of flying training. Surface analyses of fifty UPT maneuvers generated task element descriptions subdivided into a series of cue, mental action, and motor action sequences. The resulting task information was used to identify the pilot skills required to execute the flying tasks described. A set of classification rules organized the skills into a taxonornic cubic concept in which cues, mental actions, and motor actions represented cube faces. The classification rules were validated empirically and used to verify all surface analyses. The required task skills were then organized into a matrix system for simple data retrieval operations.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

scholarly journals Learning to associate novel words with motor actions: Language-induced motor activity following short training

Cortex ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Fargier ◽  
Yves Paulignan ◽  
Véronique Boulenger ◽  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Anne Reboul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Novel Words

scholarly journals Post-determined emotion: motor action retrospectively modulates emotional valence of visual images

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20140690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Yuki Yamada ◽  
Kayo Miura
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Lower Portion ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Motor Actions

Upward and downward motor actions influence subsequent and ongoing emotional processing in accordance with a space–valence metaphor: positive is up/negative is down. In this study, we examined whether upward and downward motor actions could also affect previous emotional processing. Participants were shown an emotional image on a touch screen. After the image disappeared, they were required to drag a centrally located dot towards a cued area, which was either in the upper or lower portion of the screen. They were then asked to rate the emotional valence of the image using a 7-point scale. We found that the emotional valence of the image was more positive when the cued area was located in the upper portion of the screen. However, this was the case only when the dragging action was required immediately after the image had disappeared. Our findings suggest that when somatic information that is metaphorically associated with an emotion is linked temporally with a visual event, retrospective emotional integration between the visual and somatic events occurs.

scholarly journals A lexical approach for identifying behavioral action sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Reddy ◽  
Laura Desban ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Julian Roussel ◽  
Olivier Mirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Chemotaxis Assay ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Behavioral Action ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Low Dimensional

AbstractAnimals display characteristic behavioral patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such conserved patterns occurring rarely in noisy behavioral data is key to understanding the behavioral response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behavior or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify occasional, transient irregularities that make up the behavioral response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behavior. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called “BASS” to efficiently identify and segment conserved behavioral action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioral recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers conserved chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiralling patterns characteristic of soaring behavior. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying action sequences that are highly conserved but transient in the behavior deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioral analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.

scholarly journals The connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body: implications for function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Jack Lindsey ◽  
Elizabeth C. Marin ◽  
Nils Otto ◽  
Marisa Dreher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Descending Neurons ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Adult Drosophila

AbstractMaking inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body (MB) is well positioned for developing and testing such an approach due to its conserved neuronal architecture, recently completed dense connectome, and extensive prior experimental studies of its roles in learning, memory and activity regulation. Here we identify new components of the MB circuit in Drosophila, including extensive visual input and MB output neurons (MBONs) with direct connections to descending neurons. We find unexpected structure in sensory inputs, in the transfer of information about different sensory modalities to MBONs, and in the modulation of that transfer by dopaminergic neurons (DANs). We provide insights into the circuitry used to integrate MB outputs, connectivity between the MB and the central complex and inputs to DANs, including feedback from MBONs. Our results provide a foundation for further theoretical and experimental work.

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